US3644137A - Method of applying processing liquors to textile materials and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Method of applying processing liquors to textile materials and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3644137A
US3644137A US673647A US3644137DA US3644137A US 3644137 A US3644137 A US 3644137A US 673647 A US673647 A US 673647A US 3644137D A US3644137D A US 3644137DA US 3644137 A US3644137 A US 3644137A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquor
fibrous material
pressure
processing
zone
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Expired - Lifetime
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US673647A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice Rayner Fox
Neil David Stewart
Alfred Peter Lockett
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
    • D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
    • D06P5/2022—Textile treatments at reduced pression, i.e. lower than 1 atm
    • D06P5/2027—Textile treatments at reduced pression, i.e. lower than 1 atm before dyeing

Definitions

  • the impregnation of fibrous materials, such as textile materials, with processing liquors, for example dye liquors is commonly effected by means of a padding technique, in which the fibrous material is immersed in a pad trough containing the liquor and is then passed between the flexible rollers or bowls of a padding mangle to remove the excess of liquor adhering to the material, the bowls of the mangle being loaded by mechanical or hydraulic means to a pressure such that the desired pickup of liquor by the material is achieved.
  • a padding technique in which the fibrous material is immersed in a pad trough containing the liquor and is then passed between the flexible rollers or bowls of a padding mangle to remove the excess of liquor adhering to the material, the bowls of the mangle being loaded by mechanical or hydraulic means to a pressure such that the desired pickup of liquor by the material is achieved.
  • processing liquors are usually of an aqueous character
  • fibrous materials having a hydrophobic nature such as textile materials composed of fibers which are essentially hydrophobic, for example synthetic polyester fibers, or those composed of fibers which are naturally hydrophilic but which contain natural impurities or added substances which render them hydrophobic, for example loom-state cotton fabrics.
  • a method for the impregnation of fibrous materials with processing liquors comprising the steps of l) subjecting the fibrous material to a subatmospheric pressure, (2) bringing the processing liquor and the fibrous material so subjected into mutual contact, (3) restoring the pressure on the fibrous material to atmospheric pressure either simultaneously with performing step (2) or immediately thereafter.
  • the subatmospheric pressure to which the fibrous material is subjected may be any pressure below atmospheric pressure, but it is preferred that a pressure of cm. of mercury or less should be employed.
  • the period of time during which the fibrous material is subjected to the subatmospheric pressure before the processing liquor is brought into contact with it may be varied as desired, but it is in practice sufficient that the pressure surrounding the material should have fallen to the desired value when the processing liquor is introduced and there is normally no advantage to be gained by subjecting the material to that pressure for any longer period.
  • the processing liquor may conveniently be brought into contact with the fibrous material subjected to the subatmospheric pressure by admitting the liquor to the evacuated zone within which the material is enclosed.
  • a partial restoration of the pressure within the zone towards atmospheric pressure may take place as a result of this admission of the liquor, but this is of no consequence provided that it is ensured that the enclosing zone is not reconnected with the atmosphere until the processing liquor has come into contact with all parts of the fibrous material.
  • Such a procedure may be regarded as a noncontinuous or batchwise operation of the method of the invention.
  • the method may be operated on a continuous basis by (l) causing a length of fibrous material to move progressively through a first zone in which it is subjected to the subatmospheric pressure and then through a second zone in which it is impregnated with the processing liquor, the two zones being separated by a suitable form of seal through which the evacuated fibrous material passes and is thereby prevented from coming into contact with the atmosphere, and (2) allowing the fibrous material to regain atmospheric pressure either on entering the impregnation zone or immediately after leaving that zone.
  • the processing liquor may be any treatment liquor which it is desired to apply to the fibrous material, such as liquors containing preparing or finishing agents and optical brightening agents.
  • the method of the invention is, however, particularly advantageous when the processing liquor is a dye liquor, since it facilitates the production of even and level dyeings on a wide variety of fibrous materials, some of which may, as already explained, require special preparation in order to ensure satisfactory results by the impregnation methods of the prior art.
  • the fibrous materials to which the method of the invention may be applied include loose fibers and filaments, textile materials such as rovings, yarns and threads, woven and knitted fabrics and nonwoven webs such as nonwoven textile fabrics and paper.
  • the fibrous materials may be composed of natural polymeric material, for example cotton, viscose rayon, flax or wool, orv of synthetic polymeric material, for example polyamides, polyesters, polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile, polyolefines such as polypropylene and cellulose esters, or of mixtures of such natural and synthetic polymeric material.
  • the method of the invention is of especial value for the impregnation with aqueous processing liquors, particularly at short liquor ratios, of textile materials which are of a hydrophobic character, that is to say textile materials which are composed either of essentially hydrophobic fibers, for example synthetic polyester fibers, or of essentially hydrophilic fibers which have been rendered hydrophobic by natural impurities or by some previous treatment, such as loom-state and waterproofed fabrics.
  • the method permits a much improved penetration of the treatingagent into the individual fibers to be achieved; thus in the dyeing process where existing padding methods may result only in surface or ring" coloration of the fibers, use of the method of the invention leads to good penetration of the dye into the interior of the fibers.
  • the method of the invention enables good impregnation with an aqueous processing liquor to be achieved without the necessity for removing substances deposited on the fibers during such treatment, thus avoiding time-consuming and expensive preparation of the material prior to dyeing and/or finishing.
  • the method of the invention is also valuable for the bulk impregnation of textile materials which, although not inherently difficult to impregnate with a processing liquor, are nevertheless in such a physical form that effective penetration of the liquor to all parts of the material is mechanically hindered; such a situation arises, for example, in the dyeing of thick masses of textile material such as madeup garments, cops, cheeses and heavyweight or deeply ribbed fabrics composed of cotton, viscose rayon, linen or wool and whereas in the dyeing of such'masses by known methods there may be little penetration of the dye liquor beyond the outer surface of the material, the method of the invention permits a rapid and thorough penetration of the material to be achieved so that even the innermost parts of the mass exhibit level coloration.
  • the wetting out of the fibers or fabric is believed to occur at the moment when the impregnated material is restored to atmospheric pressure; it is in any event as essential feature of the method of the invention that the restoration of the pressure should take place either simultaneously with impregnation or as soon as possible thereafter, and always before the actual processing step, such as fixation of a dyestuff, is commenced.
  • the method of the invention permits higher pickup to be employed without increasing the risk of migration of dyestuff clue to seepage or drainage and of consequent unevenness of coloration.
  • This effect may be attributed to the improved penetration of the liquor into the interior structure of the fibers or fabrics that occurs in the present method as compared with the methods of the prior art.
  • a further advantage of the present method, which may also be attributed to improved penetration, is that when it is employed in a dyeing process in which the textile material is subjected to an intermediate drying step after it has been impregnated with the dye liquor, there is a much reduced tendency for migration of dyestuff due to differential thermal effects during the drymg.
  • the advantages conferred by the method of the invention are not, however, wholly dependent upon achieving an increased pickup of processing liquor; thus in the case of a textile material composed wholly of a synthetic polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate, the amount of a disperse dye liquor picked up in the present method is not significantly greater than that picked up in a conventional padding process, but the dyeings obtained are nevertheless improved in respect of both depth and levelness.
  • the present invention also relates to apparatus suitable for carrying out the method for applying processing liquors hereinabove described.
  • apparatus suitable for the impregnation of fibrous materials with processing liquors, the apparatus comprising a chamber for enclosing the fibrous material, means for evacuating the chamber to a subatmospheric pressure, a reservoir for the processing liquor, means for bringing the processing liquor and the fibrous material into mutual contact and means for restoring the pressure on the textile material to atmospheric pressure either simultaneously with bringing the liquor and the material into mutual contact or immediately thereafter.
  • the apparatus of the invention may be suitable for carrying out the method hereinabove described by either a noncontinuous or a continuous procedure.
  • the apparatus may be embodied as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
  • A represents the chamber in which a textile material B is enclosed; the textile material may conveniently be batched so as to form a compact mass.
  • the upper extremity of the chamber A is provided with a tubular arm C, having a stop-cock D whereby it may be connected at will either with the atmosphere or with a source of vacuum.
  • the lower extremity of the chamber A carries a second arm E, having a stop-cock F, which opens into a reservoir G containing the processing liquor H.
  • the apparatus may conveniently be constructed of glass, but for large-scale operation stainless steel is to be preferred as the constructional material.
  • the stop-cock F In operating the apparatus, after the textile material has been enclosed in the chamber A, the stop-cock F is closed and the chamber is connected via the arm C to vacuum and is evacuated to a pressure of 10 cm. Hg or lower.
  • the stop-cock D is then closed and the stop-cock F is opened, allowing the processing liquor to ascend into the chamber A.
  • stop-cock F is closed and stop-cock D is opened to the atmosphere.
  • the pressure in the chamber A is thus returned to normal, and efficient wetting of the textile material with the processing liquor thereupon takes place.
  • the textile material is then removed from the chamber and, if necessary, passed through a padding mangle to regulate the pickup of the processing liquor, after which it receives furthcr treatment as necessary.
  • the apparatus may be embodied as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings.
  • J represents the chamber which is connected by means of the side-arm K to a source of vacuum.
  • the upper part of the chamber J is integral with a reservoir L containing the processing liquor M; the top and bottom surfaces of the chamber J are perforated by suitably shaped slots N and P through which a textile material Q may pass in a continuous length in the direction indicated by the arrows, seals R and S being provided at the slots N and P which prevent passage of the processing liquor into and/or loss of vacuum from the chamber J, but permit movement of the textile material.
  • T represents a padding mangle which serves to impart motion to the textile material and to regulate the pickup of processing liquor.
  • the textile material passes continuously through the apparatus, entering through the slot P and seal S into the chamber J, which is maintained at the desired subatmospheric pressure. After the material has been subjected to that pressure for a suitable period of time depending on its rate of progress and the relative dimensions of the chamber J, it passes at once through the slot N and seal R into the reservoir L containing the processing liquor M. On entering the liquor, the pressure on the textile material is at once restored to atmospheric pressure (neglecting the slight excess pressure due to the head of liquor) and the material finally passes through the padding mangle T which controls the amount of processing liquor retained in it. The material is thereafter subjected to a further treatment as appropriate, such as a fixation process in the case where the processing liquor is a dye liquor.
  • the cop is allowed to become completely immersed in the dye liquor, whereupon the lower stop-cock is closed, the upper stop-cock is opened so as to release the vacuum and a current of air is then drawn through the liquor and cop in order to effect oxidation of the leuco-form of the dye.
  • the cop is removed from the chamber and is slit open; it is found that the dye liquor has penetrated to the center of the cop and that the yarn itself is well penetrated and evenly dyed throughout.
  • the serge is found to be dyed more strongly than similar samples of serge dyed by a conventional pad-steam process (l.e., without t e use of vacuum), and microscopic examination of the dyeings shows a superior penetration of the wool fibers, particularly the hydrophobic parts thereof, in the case of the material treated by the method of the invention.
  • a method for dyeing hydrophobic fibrous material by impregnating said hydrophobic fibrous material with an aqueous dye liquor comprising the steps of (1) subjecting the hydrophobic fibrous material to subatmospheric pressure, (2) bringing the aqueous dye liquor and the hydrophobic fibrous material so subjected into mutual contact, (3) simultaneously with performing step (2), or immediately thereafter, restoring pressure on the hydrophobic fibrous material to atmospheric pressure and (4) bringing about fixation under atmospheric pressure upon said hydrophobic fibrous material of the dyestuff contained in the liquor taken up by said material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US673647A 1966-10-10 1967-10-09 Method of applying processing liquors to textile materials and apparatus therefor Expired - Lifetime US3644137A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB45197/66A GB1158284A (en) 1966-10-10 1966-10-10 Method for Applying Processing Liquors to Textile Materials and Apparatus therefor.

Publications (1)

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US3644137A true US3644137A (en) 1972-02-22

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US673647A Expired - Lifetime US3644137A (en) 1966-10-10 1967-10-09 Method of applying processing liquors to textile materials and apparatus therefor

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US (1) US3644137A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE704816A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH1408667D (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1610990A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1555649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1158284A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3007140A1 (de) * 1979-03-28 1980-10-09 Cotton Inc Vorrichtung und verfahren zum impraegnieren eines zunaechst trockenen textilen fasermaterials
US4263008A (en) * 1977-10-31 1981-04-21 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for continuously carrying out weight reduction and mercerization of cloth material
EP0005982B1 (en) * 1978-05-31 1983-12-28 Geoffrey Wilfred Davison Machine for filling a pre-cut slot in the ground
JPS60226532A (ja) * 1984-04-25 1985-11-11 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 樹脂含浸基材
WO1986002291A1 (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-04-24 R & R Research & Development, Inc. Paper saturator
US4767643A (en) * 1986-07-22 1988-08-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of continuously vacuum impregnating fibrous sheet material
US5094886A (en) * 1989-01-17 1992-03-10 Npd Corporation Method and apparatus for pattern impregnation of paper and other non-woven web
US20110048621A1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2011-03-03 Pekurovsky Mikhail L Method of forming composite optical film
US10569299B2 (en) * 2018-03-30 2020-02-25 Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. Hydrophobic shafts for use in process chambers
WO2023159566A1 (zh) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 杭州电子科技大学技术转移有限公司 一种在加绒织物上标示毛发的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4124226A1 (de) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-07 Micafil Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer impraegnierten warenbahn

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263008A (en) * 1977-10-31 1981-04-21 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for continuously carrying out weight reduction and mercerization of cloth material
EP0005982B1 (en) * 1978-05-31 1983-12-28 Geoffrey Wilfred Davison Machine for filling a pre-cut slot in the ground
DE3007140A1 (de) * 1979-03-28 1980-10-09 Cotton Inc Vorrichtung und verfahren zum impraegnieren eines zunaechst trockenen textilen fasermaterials
JPS60226532A (ja) * 1984-04-25 1985-11-11 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 樹脂含浸基材
WO1986002291A1 (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-04-24 R & R Research & Development, Inc. Paper saturator
US4590099A (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-05-20 R & R Research & Development, Inc. Fibrous web saturator
US4767643A (en) * 1986-07-22 1988-08-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method of continuously vacuum impregnating fibrous sheet material
US5094886A (en) * 1989-01-17 1992-03-10 Npd Corporation Method and apparatus for pattern impregnation of paper and other non-woven web
US20110048621A1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2011-03-03 Pekurovsky Mikhail L Method of forming composite optical film
US10569299B2 (en) * 2018-03-30 2020-02-25 Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. Hydrophobic shafts for use in process chambers
US10974276B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2021-04-13 Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. Hydrophobic shafts for use in process chambers
WO2023159566A1 (zh) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 杭州电子科技大学技术转移有限公司 一种在加绒织物上标示毛发的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1610990A1 (de) 1972-02-24
GB1158284A (en) 1969-07-16
FR1555649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-01-31
CH1408667D (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE704816A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-04-08

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