US3643503A - Track surveying method - Google Patents

Track surveying method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3643503A
US3643503A US813854A US3643503DA US3643503A US 3643503 A US3643503 A US 3643503A US 813854 A US813854 A US 813854A US 3643503D A US3643503D A US 3643503DA US 3643503 A US3643503 A US 3643503A
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United States
Prior art keywords
track
mechanical forces
condition
points
rails
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Expired - Lifetime
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US813854A
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English (en)
Inventor
Franz Plasser
Josef Theurer
Egon Schubert
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Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen Industrie GmbH
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining physical conditions of a railroad track by means of a vehicle continuously moving on and along the track in the direction of track elongation.
  • Surveying cars are known to determine the grade, lining, gage, superelevation and skew of a track, as well as the condition of the rails and rail fastenings, by means of sensors contacting the track rails and indicating the position in relation to an elongated vehicle frame serving as reference.
  • the present invention relates to a method for determining physical conditions of a railroad track by means of a vehicle continuously moving on and along the track in the direction of track elongation.
  • Surveying cars are known to determine the grade, lining, gage, superelevation and skew of a track, as well as the condition of the rails and rail fastenings, by means of sensors contacting the track rails and indicating the position in relation to an elongated vehicle frame sewing as reference.
  • the condition of a track or track part can be determined by the effect a test load or force applied to the track or track part has thereon.
  • the stifi'ness of a track rail or the resilience or yield of a ballast bed, as well as other characteristics of the track may be determined by obtaining a value characteristic of the changes in the shape or position of the track under a controlled mechanical force applied thereto. This fact is used in the present invention in a continuously advancing surveying operation along a track.
  • FIG. I is a top view of the running gears of one embodiment of an apparatus useful for the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 to 9 are side views of vehicles incorporating different embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the running gears of the vehicle of F IG. 9.
  • the vehicle of FIG. 1 has three running gears I, 2 and II with wheels running on rails G of a railroad track.
  • An axle l0 interconnects the two main running gears 1, ll and the intermediate running gear 2 is connected to the axle by means of hydraulic motors 2' which, upon operation, exert a predetermined, variable, horizontal force or pressure upon a selected one of the track rails, i.e., laterally move the track and thus change its shape or position.
  • a suitable measuring device of any desired type measures the thus produced track changes to produce a signal characteristic of local physical conditions of the track, such as the ballast bed condition, the condition of the track ties, the condition of the rail fastening, etc.
  • th means on the vehicle for subjecting the track to mechanical forces has the purpose of changing the track, particularly to change the shape or position thereof, and signals indicating measured values of these changes are used to determine physical conditions of the track or track parts. More particularly, different changes in the track produced by mechanical forces of different magnitudes may be used to produce signals characteristic of certain track conditions and derived from a comparison of the different forces.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate track surveying vehicles with means for subjecting the track G to mechanical forces of predetermined and different sizes at points of the track spaced from each other in the direction of track elongation.
  • the vehicles are mounted on pairs of swivel trucks.
  • loads 3' and 4' of different sizes exert different vertical forces upon swivel trucks 3 and 4 of the vehicle, each truck having the :same number of axles, i.e., three.
  • the swivel trucks 3a and 4la have different numbers of axles, i.e., the truck 3a has three axles and the truck 4a has two axles.
  • the loads 5 and 6 may be of the same size or of different sizes, the vertical forces exerted thereby on the trucks being distributed over a different number of axles, thus producing a different downward pressure on the axles of the front and rear trucks.
  • the track is simultaneously subjected to mechanical forces at points spaced from each other in the direction of track elongation, and as the vehicle shown in FIG. 3 moves continuously along and on the track, it is subjected to successive mechanical forces of different size at the same point, the resultant characteristic signals being measured and compared to determine physical conditions of the track.
  • FIG. 4 is substantially identical with that of FIG. 2, except that each swivel truck 3b, 4b has four axles so that the loads 5, 6' are distributed thereover at successive track points simultaneously.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 assure more accurate control of the mechanical forces to which the track is subjected, thus producing more reliable signals characteristic of the measured changes and corresponding conditions of the track.
  • a surveying vehicle runs on track G on front and rear axles or running gears, and a satellite carriage is mounted on the vehicle and moves on the track with the vehicle. Means is provided for exerting a predetermined force or pressure on the satellite carriage.
  • the vehicle A runs on axles 8 and carries satellite carriage B intermediate the axles.
  • the satellite carriage in turn, has two axles 7 also running on Track G intermediate axles 8 of vehicle A.
  • a hydraulic motor 9 is mounted on the vehicle and connected to the satellite carriage to exert thereon (and on its axles 7) a carefully controllable vertical pressure. Obviously, the hydraulic motor may be mounted for exerting a horizontal pressure on the satellite carriage.
  • two satellite carriages B B are mounted on the surveying vehicle A, each at the axles 8, 8 of the vehicle, with the axles 7', 7' of the satellite carriages on either side of the vehicle axles. This produces four successive track points at which a controlled and measurable mechanical force is exerted upon the track by the satellite carriage axles.
  • FIG. 7 differs from that of FIG. 5 only in that the axles 7", 7 of the satellite carriage B are arranged outside the vehicle axles 8, 8, instead of therebetween, so that the satellite carriage axles exert a force on the track at or near the two ends of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 8 Further variation of the applied mechanical forces is possible with the embodiment of FIG. 8 wherein the downward force exerted by the axles 8', 8' of the surveying vehicle A also differs. In the illustrated embodiment, this is accomplished by making the surveying vehicle asymmetric so that the one axle 8' carries a heavier load than the other axle 8. Of course, the same result would be accomplished by placing different loads upon the respective axles, such as shown in FIG. 2, for example. Additional, relatively small downward pressure is exerted upon the track by satellite carriages B,, B mounted in the same manner as shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from that of FIG. 6 in the special mounting of the satellite carriages B and B on the surveying vehicle A, enabling the apparatus not only to subject the track to mechanical forces in a vertical and/or horizontal direction but also to determine, measure and compare changes of position of the satellite carriages in relation to each other and to the surveying vehicle, using the corresponding signals to measure the changes in the track shape or position caused by the mechanical forces to which the track has been subjected.
  • these signals may be produced by measuring angle in a vertical plane and/or angle in a horizontal plane between lines extending in the direction of track elongation and constituted, for instance, by rods on the satellite carriages, the angles being defined between associated lines of the two carriages, one line extending in a direction determined by the position of the one carriage B and the other line extending in a direction determined by the position of the other carriage B
  • FIG. also shows that axles 7", 7" of the satellite carriages may be subjected to lateral forces K while the carriages themselves serve as a reference or datum line in relation to which characteristic values may be measured.
  • an additional an preferably longer reference line may be established and maintained independently of, and separately from, the satellite carriages, such reference systems usually including a plurality of measuring bogies at spaced points along the track elongation and a reference line, such as a beam of electromagnetic radiation or tensioned wire, established between the measuring bogies.
  • the satellite carriages have frames constituted by linked rods which are freely movable in relation to each other so that all wheels may engage the rails with their rims and thus follow the course of the track rails G even when the same are skew, for instance in a superelevated track section, such as a curve.
  • Such satellite carriages may then be used to measure the twist in the track rails by using the relative position of the axles of each carriage and of the axles of neighboring carriages.
  • FIG. 10 shows the satellite carriages B, and B laterally pressed by forces K against the grade rail whose position is to be surveyed, these carriages or parts thereof serving as reference in relation to which, for instance by measuring angle B, the characteristic values are determined.
  • the surveying vehicle may also carry means for producing vibrations in at least one track rail, an means for measuring the rail vibrations.
  • Such measurements may be used to produce signals characteristic of certain track conditions.
  • the vibration producing means may be an impact tool or a flattened wheel or pair of wheels to produce successive impacts on the track rails as the vehicle moves therealong.
  • the vibrations may be measured by conventional electroacoustical vibration meters.
  • the schematically illustrated embodiments of surveying apparatus are merely illustrative of the concepts underlying the present invention and may be used to carry out the method according thereto in a great variety of ways.
  • the mechanical forces, to which the track is subjected from the continuously moving surveying vehicle may be so controlled from track point to track point as to vary as a function of the physical conditions at each point to produce a predetermined, constant value of measured changes of these conditions, for instance changes in the shape or position of the track or track part which has been subjected to the mechanical force.
  • the varying sizes of the mechanical forces give a signal characteristic of the local conditions of the track.
  • the size of the mechanical forces may be kept constant to produce varying values as a function of the measured changes of the track conditions, and the varying values of the measured changes give signals characteristic of the local condition of the track.
  • the track is subjected to mechanical forces of different sizes at points of the track spaced from each other in the direction of track elongation as the surveying vehicle continuously moves on and along the track.
  • the resultant track changes i.e., reshaping or repositioning of the track, are measured and compared to use the measured differences as a characteristic of a given track condition.
  • Such continuously produced signals are particularly useful in an automated operation which permits the signals to be continuously received, recorded and evaluated, for instance in a computer.
  • the mechanical forces of different sizes may be successively exerted upon the same track point.
  • the different pressures of the front and rear vehicle axles will be exerted upon the same track point successively as the vehicle moves along the track, the differences in the track shape or position being measured at each axle, and then compared.
  • the track is simultaneously subjected to mechanical forces of different sizes at spaced points.
  • the changed track condition produced by a relatively small mechanical force is measured at one point
  • the changed track condition produced by a larger mechanical force is simultaneously measured at a point spaced therefrom.
  • the mechanical forces are loads or pressures in a horizontal and/or vertical direction exerted directly or indirectly upon one or both track rails.
  • the type and the direction of the mechanical forces will depend on the characteristic of the track which is to be determined.
  • the condition of the rails and the ballast bed is determined by exerting vertical pressures on the track.
  • the condition of the rail fastenings and the track tie positions which are largely determined by the ballast density at the ends of the ties, can be determined on the basis of track shape or position changes produced by horizontal or lateral pressures on the track. For instance, if the two track rails are pressed in opposite lateral directions at the same or at least about the same track point, the resultant changes in the shape or position of the track rails can be used to generate signals characteristic of the condition of the tie position or the rail fastening at this point.
  • the mechanical force consists of rail vibration-producing means, rather than vertical and/or horizontal pressure means, the resultant vibrations in the rail or rails being preferably measured electroacoustically for obtaining signals characteristic of track conditions, such as the condition of the rails and rail fastenings but also the position of the track ties and the condition of the ballast bed.
  • a method of determining the physical condition of a track comprising the steps of l. continuously moving a vehicle on and along the track in the direction of the track elongation;
  • a method of determining the physical condition of a track comprising the steps of l. continuously moving a vehicle on and along the track in the direction of the track elongation;
  • a method of determining the physical condition of a track comprising the steps of l. continuously moving a vehicle on and along the track in the direction of the track elongation;
  • a method of determining the physical condition of a track comprising the steps of l. continuously moving a vehicle on and along the track in the direction of the track elongation;
  • a method of determining the physical condition of a track comprising the steps of l. continuously moving a vehicle on. and along the track in the direction of track elongation;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
US813854A 1968-04-09 1969-04-07 Track surveying method Expired - Lifetime US3643503A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT350768A AT323226B (de) 1968-04-09 1968-04-09 Einrichtung an gleisfahrzeugen zur fortschreitenden ermittlung des zustandes einer schienenfahrbahn

Publications (1)

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US3643503A true US3643503A (en) 1972-02-22

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US813854A Expired - Lifetime US3643503A (en) 1968-04-09 1969-04-07 Track surveying method

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3643503A (de)
JP (1) JPS5230864B1 (de)
AT (1) AT323226B (de)
CH (1) CH508100A (de)
FR (1) FR2005890A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1266563A (de)
HU (1) HU163324B (de)
PL (1) PL72611B1 (de)
SE (1) SE344039B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4691565A (en) * 1985-08-22 1987-09-08 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Mobile machine for measuring track parameters
US20040020065A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2004-02-05 Carr Gary A. Inner bearing split axle assembly
US9873441B1 (en) 2016-08-04 2018-01-23 Ensco, Inc. Rail vehicle based deployable gage restraint measurement system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3077553B1 (fr) * 2018-02-06 2020-02-28 Matisa Materiel Industriel S.A. Procede de reperage de points ou lignes d’interet sur une voie ferree
ES2953679T3 (es) * 2018-02-06 2023-11-15 Matisa Materiel Ind Sa Método de identificación de puntos o líneas de interés en una vía ferroviaria

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966123A (en) * 1959-02-16 1960-12-27 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Track liner
US3240161A (en) * 1963-04-22 1966-03-15 Fairmont Railway Motors Inc Vibratory apparatus for movement of objects
US3334592A (en) * 1963-11-29 1967-08-08 Plasser Franz Apparatus designed for track surveying
US3481183A (en) * 1962-05-04 1969-12-02 Dresser Ind Apparatus for determining deflections of a structure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966123A (en) * 1959-02-16 1960-12-27 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Track liner
US3481183A (en) * 1962-05-04 1969-12-02 Dresser Ind Apparatus for determining deflections of a structure
US3240161A (en) * 1963-04-22 1966-03-15 Fairmont Railway Motors Inc Vibratory apparatus for movement of objects
US3334592A (en) * 1963-11-29 1967-08-08 Plasser Franz Apparatus designed for track surveying

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4691565A (en) * 1985-08-22 1987-09-08 Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft M.B.H. Mobile machine for measuring track parameters
US20040020065A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2004-02-05 Carr Gary A. Inner bearing split axle assembly
US7254896B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2007-08-14 Ensco, Inc. Inner bearing split axle assembly
US9873441B1 (en) 2016-08-04 2018-01-23 Ensco, Inc. Rail vehicle based deployable gage restraint measurement system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL72611B1 (de) 1974-08-30
DE1916729B2 (de) 1975-09-18
CH508100A (de) 1971-05-31
JPS5230864B1 (de) 1977-08-11
HU163324B (de) 1973-07-28
DE1916729A1 (de) 1969-10-30
AT323226B (de) 1975-06-25
FR2005890A1 (de) 1969-12-19
GB1266563A (de) 1972-03-15
SE344039B (de) 1972-03-27

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