US3642255A - Circulating device for loose materials, especially aerobic decomposing organic waste materials - Google Patents

Circulating device for loose materials, especially aerobic decomposing organic waste materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3642255A
US3642255A US3642255DA US3642255A US 3642255 A US3642255 A US 3642255A US 3642255D A US3642255D A US 3642255DA US 3642255 A US3642255 A US 3642255A
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Prior art keywords
link
circulating device
conveyor
revolving
undercarriage
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Hans Gujer
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/10—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. with cutter-type chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
    • B65G65/02—Loading or unloading machines comprising essentially a conveyor for moving the loads associated with a device for picking-up the loads
    • B65G65/06—Loading or unloading machines comprising essentially a conveyor for moving the loads associated with a device for picking-up the loads with endless scraping or elevating pick-up conveyors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/921—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially horizontally between inlet and discharge means
    • C05F17/939—Means for mixing or moving with predetermined or fixed paths, e.g. rails or cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • Kleeman ABSTRACT A circulating device for loose materials, especially for aerobic decomposing organic waste materials comprising a freely suspended, revolving, endless heavy link or jointed mat or conveyor structure which is guided over two upper deflecting devices arranged in spaced relationship from one another at an undercarriage, at least one of such deflecting devices being driven.
  • the link mat is equipped at its outside surface or face with entrainment devices for the loose material, such entrainment devices being divided over its surface. The direction of rotation or revolving of the link mat occurring from the top towards the bottom at the side situated in the direction of advance of the circulation device.
  • the present invention relates to an improved circulation device for loose materials, especially for aerobic decomposing organic waste materials.
  • a known apparatus for this purposes uses vertically arranged feed worms which upwardly convey the material in vertical direction and then eject such opposite to the direction of advance of the circulation apparatus.
  • an additional prior art circulation device employing a revolving endlessconveyor band which is suspended between an upper and a lower deflecting device.
  • the conveyor band is equipped with prongs or teeth which scrape away the material to be circulated in a vertical direction from the bottom towards the top of a heap of loose material and rearwardly eject such material opposite to the direction of advance of the circulation device.
  • What is common to these prior art circula tion devices is that they all possess a relatively complicated construction. Additionally, they require not only a drive mechanism for the feed worms or the revolving conveyor band, respectively, but furthermore need a drive mechanism for the forward movement of the circulation device. Therefore, the known physical manifestations of prior art circulation devices of this type are relatively expensive.
  • Another, more specific object of the present invention relates to an improved circulation device for the agitation or mixing of loose materials, especially aerobic decomposing waste matter, which possesses an extremely simple construction, can be produced economically, and yet still possesses great effectiveness and operational reliability.
  • the inventive circulation device for loose materials is generally manifested by the features that it comprises a freely suspended, revolving, endless, heavy link or jointed mat which is guided over two upper deflecting devices arranged at a spacing from one another at an undercarriage or wheel frame. At least one of these deflecting devices is driven. Furthermore, the link mat is equipped at its outer side with entrainment devices for the loose material which are distributed over its surface andthe direction of revolving of the link mat occurs from the top towards the bottom at the side thereof situated in the direction of feed or advance of the circulating device.
  • the inventive circulating device manifests itself by virtue of its exceptionally simple construction since for the freely suspended, revolving, endless link mat there is only required two upper deflecting devices arranged at a spacing from one another upon a travelling undercarriage or the like.
  • the use of lower deflecting devices becomes superfluous. This brings about a noteworthy simplification of the entire construction of the unit, and moreover, it is possible to dispense with just that or those deflecting devices which otherwise would be situated at the region of the loose material to be circulated. In that case, such deflecting device would be subject to contamination or soiling by the loose material and would be in danger of becoming damaged.
  • the immersion or introduction of the link mat into the loose material is ensured in that the link mat is constructed to be quite heavy and, therefore, during the circulating or revolving operation cannot climb or ascend.
  • the direction of movement or orbit of the link mat approximates that of an inverted isosceles triangle. Furthermore, since the direction of revolving of the link-mat takes place from the top towards the bottom at the side thereof disposed in the direction of feed of the circulating device, the circulating device tends to automatically embed itself or eat into the loose material. Consequently, it is unnecessary to provide an additional drive mechanism for the circulating device for its further movement. On the other hand, it can be advantageous to equip the circulating device with a brake mechanism controlling its feed motion, so that, if necessary, a climbing of the link mat upon. the loose material can be prevented.
  • the circulating device of the present invention is especially suitable for the periodic circulation or mixing of organic waste materials during their aerobic decomposition, for instance has been described in may copending U.S. application, Ser. No. 780,829 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,844 filed Dec. 3, I968 and entitled Method and Means for Continuously Drying Wet Organic Waste Matter, Particularly Fresh Sludge, Through Aerobic Precompositing.
  • the circulating device is placed upon the upper edge of an elongate or circular ringshaped container and immerses into the loose material to be circulated with its freely suspended, revolving, endless heavy link mat.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of inventive circulating device shown in its operable position;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary front view of an enlarged scale of the link mat used in the circulating device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the link mat depicted in FIG. 2, taken substantially along the line III-III thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view of a portion of the link mat depicted in FIG. 2, taken substantially along the line IV-IV thereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the portion of the link mat shown in FIG. 4, taken substantially along the line V-V thereof;
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of the circulation device depicted in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the circulation device shown in FIGS. 1 and 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a front fragmentary view of a link chain for a modified form of link mat and employing inclined disposed DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Describing now the drawings, the exemplary embodiment of circulating device designed according to the teachings of the present invention and depicted in FIG. 1 comprises a so-called The link mat I is designed to be so heavy that when it revolves it tends to dig into the loose material 6 without having the tendency to climb or snake upwards. Furthermore, this link mat is equipped at its outer side with suitable entrainment devices 7 distributed over its surface. These entrainment devices 7, depending upon the intended use of the circulating device, can be differently constructed.
  • entrainment devices 7 prongs or teeth 7a which, once again, can have different configurations.
  • the circulating device for the periodic circulation or mixing of organic waste matter during its aerobic decomposition it has been found to be particularly advantageous to construct these entrainment prongs or teeth 7a so as to be inclined opposite to the direction of revolving or travel of the link mat l, as generally indicated by reference character A in FIG. 1. Consequently, there is not only ensured for a good disintegration of the forwardly situated pile of loose material, but moreover an automatic cleaning of the prongs or teeth 7a.
  • the direction of revolving or travel of the link mat 1 occurs in the direction of the arrow A, that is to say the link mat moves at its side situated in the direction of advance or feed B of the circulating device from the top towards the bottom. Due to this construction it is ensured that the circulating device during its revolving movement of the link mat 1 automatically digs into the pile ofloose material 6. An additional drive mechanism for the forward movement of the circulating device is therefore not necessary.
  • the undercarriage or wheel frame 2 equipped with the travelling wheels 8 of the circulating device is mounted at the upper marginal portion or edge 9 of a container 10 housing the loose material 6.
  • the link mat preferably is composed of individual juxtapositioned endless chain members 11, with the links 12 of neighboring chains being articulated to one another through the agency ofa suitable coupling mechanism 13.
  • the individual links 12 of the link chains 11 support the entrainment devices or members 7, which in the present embodiment have been constructed as prongs or teeth 7a, as particularly recognized by referring to FIG. 2.
  • the inclination of these teeth or prongs 7a is best observed by referring to the sectional view of the link mat depicted in FIG. 3.
  • the rakelike link elements 12as viewed in their direction of revolving-starting from their center are inclined towards the rear at both sides, so that they improve the circulation or mixing of the bulk or loose material.
  • the mutual coupling of the individual chains 11 forming the link mat or chain arrangement 1 is undertaken by means of the coupling devices 13 more definitively shown with regard to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • These coupling devices or mechanisms 13 possess an elongate or substantially horseshoe-shaped eyelet 14.
  • the links 12 of the chains 11 are equipped at their outer sides with bolt members or the like which piercingly extend through the elongate eyelet 14 of the associated coupling device 13. This type of coupling mechanism renders it possible to have the chains 11, in each instance, possess sufficiently great play so that they can laterally deviate somewhat towards one another.
  • each chain 11 is guided per se over two upper deflecting devices 3 and 4.
  • One of the deflecting devices such as member 3 of both deflecting devices 3 and 4, is driven by a suitable drive mechanism 16.
  • each chain 1 1 is not adjustable in its plane of revolution with respect to the other, rather, here in each instance two chains 11 are assembled together into an adjustable chain pair.
  • the deflecting devices 3 and 4 associated with each pair of chains 1 l are carried by a suitable support frame 40 which. in turn, is displaceably mounted at the movable undercarriage 0: wheel frame 2.
  • the undercarriage or wheel frame 2 can be provided at the supporting struts or girders 2a with suitably configured, such as arcuate shaped elongate holes which are not particularly shown in the drawings, and with which movably engage the individual support frames 40 so that such can be selectively shifted in these elongate holes to thereby conveniently vary the relative disposition of the respective planes of revolution of the individual chains 11 with respect to one another as explained above.
  • suitably configured such as arcuate shaped elongate holes which are not particularly shown in the drawings, and with which movably engage the individual support frames 40 so that such can be selectively shifted in these elongate holes to thereby conveniently vary the relative disposition of the respective planes of revolution of the individual chains 11 with respect to one another as explained above.
  • the same arrangement could be obviously also provided for the adjustment of each single chain 11.
  • the adjustment possibility of the revolving planes of the chains it is possible to regulate the discharge direction of the individual chains or chain pairs with respect to the other chains or chain pairs.
  • the circulating device becomes accelerated due to the revolving of the link mat l to such an extent that the link mat climbs up upon the material to be treated and moves over such in the manner of a roller mat. If that should occur, the circulation or agitation effect of the circulating device is suppressed and this device more readily functions as a compacting mechanism for the loose material. In order to prevent this from occurring, it is advantageous to equip the circulating device with a braking mechanism in order to control the feed or advancing movement. To this end, it is possible to equip one of the revolving or travelling wheels 8 of the undercarriage 2 with a brake which can be more or less strongly adjusted depending upon the requirements.
  • the circulating device it is advantageous to equip the circulating device with an additional friction wheel 17, acting as a brake, which bears upon the travelling surface or container rim 9 and which is coupled via a transmission 18 with the driven deflecting device 3.
  • the fr iction wheel 17 can be driven at a lower rotational speed than the deflecting devices 3 for the driven chains 11, so that the friction wheel 17 which frictionally bears upon the upper container rim 9 exerts a braking force upon the circulating device.
  • the fraction wheel 17 automatically adjusts itself to the driven velocity or speed of the link or articulated mat I and, therefore, the feed velocity or speed of the circulating device is accommodated to the revolving velocity of the link mat 1.
  • the deflecting members 3 and 4 are shown as rollers.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 depict a further exemplary embodiment of links 12a for the chain 11 of the link or chain mat. These likewise rakelike constructed links 12a are arranged at an inclination with respect to the direction of revolution A of the mat. The inclined position of the links 12a is chosen such that-viewed in the direction of revolution-these links extend at an inclination to rearwardly to that side in which there is intended a transverse transport of the loose material to be circulated.
  • the mode of operation of such type constructed link mat is as follows: During the downward movement of the links 12a the entrainment prongs or teeth 7, viewed in the direction of advance B of the circulating device, scratch away material from the top towards the bottom from the forwardly disposed compacted heap of material 6a. The loosened material falls downwardly between the teeth or prongs. A transverse feed or transport of this material does not yet occur. At the rear side of the circulating device the links 12a move from the bottom towards the top. The prongs immerse into the loose continuously following rolling material 6b and continuously entrain this loose material upwards, whereby parts of the material laterally roll off of the inclined positioned links 12a. Hence, in addition to a circulatory movement there is also achieved a transverse transport or feed of this material.
  • the inclined position of the links 12a can either for themselves bring about the transverse transport of the material or can serve to assist or support the transverse feed or transport of the material brought about by the inclined position of the entire circulating device as previously explained.
  • a circulating device for loose materials, especially for aerobic-decomposing organic waste materials comprising an undercarriage movable in a predetermined direction of advance, two upper deflecting devices mounted in spaced relationship at said movable undercarriage, a freely suspended, revolving, endless heavy link mat structure guided over said two upper deflecting devices, means for driving at least one of said deflecting devices, entrainment means for the loose material provided at the outside surface of said link mat structure, said entrainment means being distributed over said surface of said link mat structure, the direction of revolving of said endless link' mat occurring from its top towards the bottom at the side situated in the direction of advance of the circulation device, said link mat structure being composed of individual adjacently arranged endless chains formed of link elements, and coupling means for hingedly connecting together said link elements of neighboring chains.
  • a circulating device as defined in claim 2, wherein said two upper deflecting devices comprises individual deflecting elements for each revolving chain moving through a respective associated revolving plane which are adjustably mounted so that it is possible to regulate independently of one another the said revolving planes of the individual chains.
  • a circulating device for loose materials, especially for aerobic decomposing organic wastematerials comprising a movable undercarriage movable in a predetermined direction of travel and located above the loose material to be acted upon, scraper conveyor means arranged at said undercarriage, said scraper conveyor means comprising a conveyor band equipped with entrainment means, said conveyor band extending into the loose material in the form of a substantially triangular conveyor band structure which tapers downwardly, said conveyor band being formed as a link conveyor composed of heavy links, and means mounting said link conveyor to be freely suspended beneath said undercarriage.
  • link conveyor is formed of a plurality of individual, adjacently arranged, link chains defined by said heavy links and which are hingedly connected with another, and means for connecting together with play neighboring link elements which extend substantially transversely with respect to the direction of travel of said neighboring link chains of said link conveyor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Chain Conveyers (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
US3642255D 1969-05-28 1970-05-27 Circulating device for loose materials, especially aerobic decomposing organic waste materials Expired - Lifetime US3642255A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH808969A CH491798A (de) 1969-05-28 1969-05-28 Umwälzvorrichtung für Schüttgüter sowie Verwendung der Umwälzvorrichtung

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US3642255A true US3642255A (en) 1972-02-15

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US3642255D Expired - Lifetime US3642255A (en) 1969-05-28 1970-05-27 Circulating device for loose materials, especially aerobic decomposing organic waste materials

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US (1) US3642255A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS491867B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT303432B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU1567470A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE751041A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH491798A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE2026105A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK123809B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2048964A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1289277A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7007724A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA703520B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4377258A (en) * 1981-03-25 1983-03-22 Paygro, Inc. Method and apparatus for agitating and intermixing aerobic thermophilical composting organic waste materials
US5906436A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-05-25 United States Filter Corporation Composting system
CN106759593A (zh) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-31 王燏斌 一种用于地下建筑的切槽装置及其施工法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU339216A1 (ru) * 1971-02-04 1973-10-26 Г. В. Кривцов Питатель для подачи сырых сыпучих материалов

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1092086A (en) * 1912-11-18 1914-03-31 Robert J Wilson Tractor-plow.
DE325105C (de) * 1918-07-13 1920-09-09 Otto Kurth Motorpflug mit an endlosen Gliederketten befestigten Pflugscharen
US1622280A (en) * 1924-09-05 1927-03-29 Smidth & Co As F L Apparatus for agitating slurry, etc.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1092086A (en) * 1912-11-18 1914-03-31 Robert J Wilson Tractor-plow.
DE325105C (de) * 1918-07-13 1920-09-09 Otto Kurth Motorpflug mit an endlosen Gliederketten befestigten Pflugscharen
US1622280A (en) * 1924-09-05 1927-03-29 Smidth & Co As F L Apparatus for agitating slurry, etc.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4377258A (en) * 1981-03-25 1983-03-22 Paygro, Inc. Method and apparatus for agitating and intermixing aerobic thermophilical composting organic waste materials
US5906436A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-05-25 United States Filter Corporation Composting system
CN106759593A (zh) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-31 王燏斌 一种用于地下建筑的切槽装置及其施工法

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Publication number Publication date
BE751041A (fr) 1970-11-03
CH491798A (de) 1970-06-15
NL7007724A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-01
JPS491867B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-17
DK123809B (da) 1972-08-07
ZA703520B (en) 1971-01-27
AT303432B (de) 1972-11-27
FR2048964A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-19
GB1289277A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-13
AU1567470A (en) 1971-12-02
DE2026105A1 (de) 1970-12-10
DE7019838U (de) 1970-10-08

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