US3639045A - Filmstrip - Google Patents

Filmstrip Download PDF

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Publication number
US3639045A
US3639045A US679886A US3639045DA US3639045A US 3639045 A US3639045 A US 3639045A US 679886 A US679886 A US 679886A US 3639045D A US3639045D A US 3639045DA US 3639045 A US3639045 A US 3639045A
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United States
Prior art keywords
picture
width
film
filmstrip
perforations
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Expired - Lifetime
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US679886A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hildegard Haefeli
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CALOTTAN AG
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CALOTTAN AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material

Definitions

  • the invention involves a filmstrip which includes at least one UNITED STATES PATENTS strip of picture film, at least one line of perforations and at least one soundtrack.
  • the filmstrip is dimensioned and arl,267,41 l 5/1918 Howell ..352/239 ranged so that f a fil u-i width f 35 mm the picture Strip 1,318,610 10/1919 Q Y--- "352/241 width exceeds 20.9 mm., for a strip width of 17.5 mm. it exl,984,264 12/1934 Gualuerotti ceeds 10 mm., and for a strip width of 16 mm. it exceeds 9.7
  • FILMSTRIP This invention relates to filmstrip with at least one strip of picture film, at least-one line of perforations and at least one soundtrack.
  • Xenon lamps certainly provide light sources for very high intensity projection.
  • the small picture dimensions of 16 mm. narrow film not even the light intensity of a 900 watt lamp can be fully utilized.
  • the magnification of a filmstrip of 7.l6X9.6 mm. (picture size in l6 mm. narrow film) to the screen size of a large modern cinema is, therefore, inadequate, because of insufficiently bright screen area illumination, even with the best optical systems.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a filmstrip which is suitable for fully automatic projection and also ensures high-quality reproduction of picture and sound.
  • this object is achieved by dimensioning and arranging the perforations and soundtrack so that for a filmstrip width of 35 mm. the picture strip width exceeds 20.9 mm., for a strip width of 17.5 mm. it exceeds 10 mm., and for a strip width of 16 mm. it exceeds 9.7 mm.
  • the width of the perforations be considerably reduced as compared with known filmstrips (the openings of which have a width of 2.8 mm. in 35 mm. film), preferably to a value of about 1.4 mm., which is sufficient for effective film feed.
  • the widening, in accordance with the invention, of the picture width i.e., the part of the filmstrip containing the pictures
  • a filmstrip of 17.5 mm. width for instance to achieve the picture and sound quality of the previously standard 35 mm. size.
  • the cost of a 17.5 mm. copy in accordance with the invention is, however, only about a quarter of the usual 35 mm. copy cost. The same applies to the cost of a filmstrip provided by the invention for initial shooting.
  • a complete evening's program may readily be provided on a single reel of the 17.5 mm. film of the invention, so that a single projector suffices for a continuous performance.
  • the transport and storage of copies are also simplified,
  • the soundtrack is, however. disposed in a previously unused zone of the film, i.e., the strip between the perforations and the adjacent film edge, needed to achieve sufficient strength in the perforations. Since this strip is now used to take the soundtrack a particularly large width remains for the picture strip.
  • the broadening of the film picture strip effected by the invention can, however, also be effected (although not quite to the same extent as by the method outlined above) if the picture strip is disposed between the perforations at one edge of the film and the soundtrack at the other edge thereof.
  • the broadening of the picture strip is mainly produced by the reduction in size of the perforations.
  • FIGS. l9 show various embodiments of the filmstrip of the invention.
  • the filmstrip 1 shown in FIG. 1 has in sequence a photographic and/or magnetic soundtrack 2, perforations comprising rectangular holes 3 and a picture strip 4 extending from these perforations to the other edge 6 of the film.
  • the long sides 5a, 5b of perforations 3 run longitudinally of the film.
  • Soundtrack 2 has a'width between 0.5 and 4 mm., sufficient for photographic or magnetic sound recording.
  • a zone 2.5 mm. in width is preferably provided to take the soundtrack.
  • the perforations 3 are preferably 1.4 mm. wide.
  • EXAMPLE I' A 16 mm. narrow film of standard type has a picture size of 9.6X7.l6 mm. The picture area is therefore about 69 mm. A good screen image of about 3X4 mm. size can be projected by using a specific light source.
  • a 16 mm. narrow film in accordance with the invention having room to take a photographic soundtrack, has, however, a picture size of l2.l 7.l6 mm. with an area of about 87 mrnF.
  • a picture size of l2.l 7.l6 mm. with an area of about 87 mrnF.
  • the picture area can be even more increased.
  • EXAMPLE II A standard 35 mm. film has a picture of 152x209 mm. with an area of about 318 mm.*.
  • FIG. 2 shows a starting filmstrip with a width of 35 mm. for making two filmstrips as in FIG. 1, each with a width of 17.5
  • a soundtrack 2, 2' is provided at each edge, and adjacent each are perforations comprising holes 3, 3'.
  • the film picture strip 4 (2 pictures) is disposed between the two perforations.
  • the dimensions are preferably selected as follows: 2.5 mm. from the edge of the perforations, perforation width 1.4 mm., perforation height 1.98 mm., spacing between perforation centers 4.75 mm.
  • the two 17.5 mm. wide filmstrips formed by dividing along line 8 then have picture sizes of 9.5 l3.6 mrn. (area 129 mm?), which with currently available light sources gives brilliant illumination of the standard projection screen.
  • the area of a picture filed is thus almost twice as big as with the known 16 mm. film referred to in example I.
  • the frame gauge is preferably 9.5 mm., so that with projection of 24 frames per second, the soundtrack speed is about 23 cm./sec., which permits good sound recording and reproduction.
  • the picture and sound quality of the previous standard 35 mm. size can be provided by the 17.5 mm. size provided by the invention, at a fraction of the weight and bulk of the usual copy.
  • FIGS. 3-9 show further embodiments of the invention.
  • the picture strip 11 is positioned between the perforations 12 provided at one edge of the film and the soundtrack 13 at the other edge thereof.
  • the perforation width is 1.4 mm. and these holes are 0.8 mm. from the edge, a width of 12.8 mm. is available for the picture strip with a film width of 17.5 mm.; a width of 11.3 mm. with a film width of 16 mm.; and a width of 30.3 mm. with a film width of 35 mm.
  • the distance between perforation centers is preferably 4.75 mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows a starting filmstrip 14 for making two strips as.
  • this starting film strip may take place before or after exposure. It is preferably effected after the film is developed and dried.
  • the two edges of film strip 16 each have a soundtrack 17, 18, with perforations 19 in the film center (they may also lie at the picture filed corners) and between perforation 19 and each of soundtracks 17, 18 is disposed a picture strip 20, 21, the two picture strips traveling in opposite directions (see the two arrows) during shooting and reproduction.
  • the two soundtrack edges are given a width of 2.5 mm. each, and the perforations a width of 1.4 mm., a width of 14.3 mm. each is available for the two picture strips with a film 35 mm. wide.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment wherein the filmstrip 22 can be cut along centerline 23, with each of the resulting filmstrips having a soundtrack 24, 24', perforations 25 and a picture strip 26.
  • the perforations 25 are not placed laterally adjacent the picture areas, but between each frame.
  • the frame gauge is preferably a whole-number multiple of 2.375 mm. or of 1.905 mm.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a 35 mm. wide film strip having two soundtracks 27, 28, two picture strips 29, 30 and two rows of perforations 31, 32.
  • the perforations are adjacent the outer corners of the individual picture frames. If the zone intended to take the two soundtracks is given a total width of5 mm., then 15.0 mm. is available for the picture frames.
  • the gap between perforation centers and the frame height are both preferably 9.5 mm.
  • the filmstrip of FIG. 7 can be divided into two 17.5 mm. films by cutting along line 33.
  • FIG. 8 shows a 35 mm. filmstrip which can be divided by cutting along line 34 into two 17.5 mm. filmstrips of differing subdivisions.
  • the left-hand filmstrip has a sound track 35, perforations 36 and a picture strip 37 (arranged as in FIG. I), the picture strip width being 13.6 mm.
  • the frame gauge is 7.125 mm. giving a height/side ratio of 1119. Distance between perforation centers is 4.75 mm.
  • the film strip made from the right-hand half of the starting strip shown in FIG. 8 has, however, two soundtracks 38, 39, perforations 40 and a picture strip whose individual frames seen in opposite directions during shooting and reproduction, in each case skipping the adjacent frame (one sound track is associated with each arrowed direction). If the two soundtracks are each made 2.5 mm. and the perforations 1.4 mm., the picture width becomes 11.1 mm., which with a frame height of7.125 mm. gives a height/side ratio of 1:1.56.
  • FIG. 9 shows a film strip 42 having two soundtracks 43, 44, perforations 45 and a picture strip 46.
  • successive picture areas are exposed and projected in opposite traveling directions of theedge zones for taking the two sound tracks and each has a width of 2.5 mm.; the perforations have a width of 1.4 mm., with a width of 28.6 mm. being available for the individual pictures which, together with a frame gauge of 9.5 mm., gives a height/side ratio of about
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a filmstrip 47 having two soundtracks 48, 49, two lines perforations 50, 51 and two picture strips 52, 53. By cutting along line 54 the filmstrip 47 can be divided into two identical film strips in accordance with the invention (corresponding to FIG. 1).
  • the scope of the invention includes film wherein the longer side of the rectangle lies parallel to the film strip.
  • the width of the frame is preferably 13.6 mm. and the height 19 mm.
  • the film can thenhave basically the division of FIG. 2, but with the long sides of the frames running parallel to the film strip.
  • the filmstrip of the invention can be used with the so-called three-D process, wherein two pictures are taken adjacent each other amorphatically (i.e., with deliberate distortion).
  • a longitudinally divisible picture filmstrip having a longitudinally extending soundtrack located adjacent an edge of said filmstrip, an array of perforations extending longitudinally adjacent said soundtrack, a picture area located adjacent to the perforations, a longitudinally severable line extending adjacent to said picture area at the midpoint of said picture strip, a second longitudinally extending soundtrack adjacent said severable line on the side opposite side picture area, a second array of perforations extending longitudinally adjacent said second soundtrack and a second picture area located adjacent said second array of perforations and occupying the remaining space.
US679886A 1966-11-10 1967-11-01 Filmstrip Expired - Lifetime US3639045A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1621666A CH460523A (de) 1966-11-10 1966-11-10 Filmband

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US3639045A true US3639045A (en) 1972-02-01

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CH (1) CH460523A (de)
DE (2) DE1970850U (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937567A (en) * 1974-03-29 1976-02-10 Betty Thomas Continuous motion picture projector apparatus
US4128320A (en) * 1975-09-10 1978-12-05 Giuliano Cecchini Stereoscopic films and viewers therefor
US20080266522A1 (en) * 2007-04-28 2008-10-30 Weisgerber Robert C Compact acquisition format for dimensionalized digital cinema projection at forty-eight images per second
US20130135587A1 (en) * 2010-08-16 2013-05-30 Thomson Licensing Motion picture film

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1267411A (en) * 1915-02-13 1918-05-28 Bell & Howell Co Cinematograph or motion-picture film.
US1318610A (en) * 1919-10-14 sereinsky
US1984264A (en) * 1930-06-16 1934-12-11 Gualticrotti Gualtiero Cinematographic picture taking and projecting machine
US2483040A (en) * 1947-02-18 1949-09-27 El-Mazzaoui Farid Naoum Motion-picture film with a plurality of picture series and projector for the same
US2590956A (en) * 1947-08-25 1952-04-01 Benson D Gille Voice and visual recorder
US3276837A (en) * 1963-08-22 1966-10-04 Zeiss Stiftung Motion picture camera
US3355292A (en) * 1962-08-13 1967-11-28 Jr Floyd E White Cinematographic process
US3408749A (en) * 1967-04-11 1968-11-05 American Can Co Branching-instruction teaching device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1318610A (en) * 1919-10-14 sereinsky
US1267411A (en) * 1915-02-13 1918-05-28 Bell & Howell Co Cinematograph or motion-picture film.
US1984264A (en) * 1930-06-16 1934-12-11 Gualticrotti Gualtiero Cinematographic picture taking and projecting machine
US2483040A (en) * 1947-02-18 1949-09-27 El-Mazzaoui Farid Naoum Motion-picture film with a plurality of picture series and projector for the same
US2590956A (en) * 1947-08-25 1952-04-01 Benson D Gille Voice and visual recorder
US3355292A (en) * 1962-08-13 1967-11-28 Jr Floyd E White Cinematographic process
US3276837A (en) * 1963-08-22 1966-10-04 Zeiss Stiftung Motion picture camera
US3408749A (en) * 1967-04-11 1968-11-05 American Can Co Branching-instruction teaching device

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Journal of the SMPTE, Vol. 73, pages 537 543 *
Journal of the SMPTE, Vol. 74, page 5 *
Magnetic Striping of Motion Picture Film Agfa GeVaert Catalog, Nov. 25, 1968 *
Photo Beat, Quadruple Super 8, Popular Photography, Oct. 1967, p. 60 *
Vol. 73, Journal of the SMPTE, p. 541, July 1964 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3937567A (en) * 1974-03-29 1976-02-10 Betty Thomas Continuous motion picture projector apparatus
US4128320A (en) * 1975-09-10 1978-12-05 Giuliano Cecchini Stereoscopic films and viewers therefor
US20080266522A1 (en) * 2007-04-28 2008-10-30 Weisgerber Robert C Compact acquisition format for dimensionalized digital cinema projection at forty-eight images per second
US8749752B2 (en) * 2007-04-28 2014-06-10 Robert C. Weisgerber Compact acquisition format for dimensionalized digital cinema projection at forty-eight images per second
US20130135587A1 (en) * 2010-08-16 2013-05-30 Thomson Licensing Motion picture film

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Publication number Publication date
DE1970850U (de) 1967-10-19
DE1597149A1 (de) 1970-03-26
CH460523A (de) 1968-07-31

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