US3637763A - Preparation of (cis-1 2-epoxypropyl) phosphonates from substituted imino compounds - Google Patents

Preparation of (cis-1 2-epoxypropyl) phosphonates from substituted imino compounds Download PDF

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US3637763A
US3637763A US789060A US3637763DA US3637763A US 3637763 A US3637763 A US 3637763A US 789060 A US789060 A US 789060A US 3637763D A US3637763D A US 3637763DA US 3637763 A US3637763 A US 3637763A
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phosphonate
hydroxy
cis
epoxypropyl
methyl
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Raymond A Firestone
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Merck and Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/65502—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a three-membered ring
    • C07F9/65505—Phosphonic acids containing oxirane groups; esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4003—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4006—Esters of acyclic acids which can have further substituents on alkyl

Definitions

  • the diesters of (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid can be prepared by a process which may be depicted as follows:
  • R and R are the same or different lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, tertiary butyl and butyl, aryl such as phenyl, or substituted aryl such as halophenyl, loweralkoxy phenyl such as methoxyphenyl and ethoxyphenyl, tolyl, aralkyl such as benzyl, substituted aralkyl such as halobenzyl, nitrobenzyl, hydroxybenzyl, loweralkoxybenzyl such as methoxy and ethoxy benzyl, loweralkynyl such as propargyl, and loweralkenyl such as allyl and 'methallyl;
  • R is a good leaving group such as a tosyloxy, brosyloxy, mesyloxy, trifluoroacetoxy or a 2,4- dinitrophenoxy group; and R is loweralkyl such as methyl, eth
  • the compounds of Formulae II and II-a are novel 3,637,763 Patented Jan. 25, 1972 compounds.
  • Some examples of the novel compounds of Formula II are dimethy1-[ 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3 (tosyloxyimino pentyl] -phosphonate,
  • novel compounds of Formula II-a are dimethyl-[1-( 1-hydroxyethyl) -2- (tosyloxyirnino) propyl] -phosphonate,
  • a (cisl,Z-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid diester such as, for example, dimethyl-(cis-l,Z-epoxypropyl)phosphonate
  • dimethyl-(cis-l,Z-epoxypropyl)phosphonate can be prepared from an m-hydroxy-B-substituted alkyl phosphonate such as, for example, dimethyl-[l-hydroxy-2-methyl- 3-(tosyloxyimino)-pentyl]-phosphonate by cyclizing an a-hydroxy-[i-substituted alkyl phosphonate in the presence of base in a suitable solvent.
  • Inorganic bases such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium acetate may be employed for the cyclization as well as organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine.
  • suitable solvents for the cyclization are alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol, as well as mixtures of alcohol and water such as, for example, 80% ethanol.
  • bases such as sodium hydride, may be employed to effect the cyclization.
  • bases are used to effect cyclization inert non hydroxylic solvents such as benzene, xylene, and dimethylformamide may be employed.
  • the reaction mixture is generally heated at about 3060 C. for about 1-5 hours; the reaction may also be carried out, however, at temperatures ranging from about C. to about 80 C. A slight excess of the base may also be employed however. Longer heating periods may be employed to ensure complete reaction.
  • the (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)- phosphonic acid diester can then be recovered from the reaction mixture by methods known in the art. Generally, the solvent is removed in vacuo at about room temperature, and the residue is taken up into some suitable solvent such as ether or methylene chloride. The diester is ob tained upon removal of the solvent and can be purified by distillation in vacuo, or by other techniques known in the art.
  • the (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid diesters can be prepared from a compound of Formula IIa such as, for example, dimethyl-[1-( l-hydroxyethyl -2- tosyloxyimino propyl -phosphonate.
  • (Cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid has two optically active centers at carbons 1 and 2.
  • the biologically active isomer is the cis compound, which is levorotatory, the (i) cis-mixture which is normally obtained where the starting material is a (i) cis-a-hydroxyfl-substituted phosphonate or a (i) a-substituted ,B-hydroxy phosphonate, is also biologically active.
  • ester groups In order to obtain (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid and its salts, the ester groups must be cleaved from the cyclized diester.
  • the ester groups can be cleaved by acid or acid-base hydrolysis.
  • esters such as the benzyl esters and the loweralkenyl esters
  • cleavage to the free acid can be accomplished by catalytic hydrogenation.
  • the cyclization step will yield a racemic mixture of the (cis- 1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid compound.
  • ()(cis- 1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid and its salts can be obtained from the racemic mixture by resolving the racemate with a suitable resolving agent such as, for example, quinine, or or a-phenethylamine.
  • a suitable resolving agent such as, for example, quinine, or or a-phenethylamine.
  • the novel starting materials II and II-a are isomeric to the extent that the group eliminated from the propyl chain may be substituted at either the aor ,B-position of the aliphatic carbon chain.
  • the leaving group may include, in addition to the ethyl group, as in Formula II, a loweralkyl, aryl, aralkyl, loweralkoxy aryl, or loweralkoxy aralkyl radical, depending upon the reactants employed to prepare the starting materials.
  • R R and R are as previously defined.
  • a (l-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentyl) phosphonate diester is reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a suitable solvent such as ethanol in the presence of a base, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide.
  • a suitable solvent such as ethanol
  • a base such as, for example, sodium hydroxide.
  • the oxime is obtained by removal of the solvent, or by other techniques known in the art.
  • the oxime is reacted with p-toluene-sulfonyl chloride where R is tosyloxy p-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride where R is brosyloxy or with methanesulfonyl chloride where R is mesyloxy.
  • the oxime is first heated with a base such assodium hydride in a suitable solvent such as benzene.
  • a base such assodium hydride
  • a suitable solvent such as benzene.
  • the solution is cooled to about 5 to 10 C., and the acid halide is added dropwise.
  • Compound II is removed from the reaction mixture upon removal of the solvent.
  • the compounds where R is triffuoroacetoxy are prepared by reacting the oxime with trifiuoroacetic anhydride.
  • the compounds where R is 2,4-dinitrophenoxy are prepared by reacting the oxime with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.
  • the (l-hydroxy-Z-methyl-3-ox0pentyl)phosphonate diesters are prepared by reacting S-pentanone with an amine such as, for example, cyclohexylamine in a suitable solvent such as benzene.
  • an amine such as, for example, cyclohexylamine
  • a suitable solvent such as benzene.
  • the resulting compound for example, N- (3-pentylidene) cyclohexylamine, is obtained by fractional distillation.
  • N(3-pentylidene) amino compound is then reacted with a lithium dialkyl amide to form 3- oxo-Z-pentyllithium and the latter compound upon reaction with an alkyl formylphosphonate, such as dimethyl formylphosphonate, for example, will yield a (1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3- oxopentyl)phosphonate diester.
  • the dialkyl formylphosphonates can be prepared by reacting a phosphite such as diethyl phosphite or dimethyl phosphite with an alkali metal, such as sodium; the resulting alkali metal salt thus formed is then reacted with formic acetic anhydride to obtain the corresponding dialkyl formylphosphonate.
  • a phosphite such as diethyl phosphite or dimethyl phosphite
  • an alkali metal such as sodium
  • Compounds II-a are prepared from a [l-(l-hydroxyethyl)ketonyl] phosphonate diester in a similar manner.
  • the [1-( l-hydroxyethyl) ketonyl1phosphonate diester is prepared by first reacting a (2-oxoalkyl) phosphonate diester, such as dimethyl (2-oxopropyl) phosphonate with an amine such as ethylamine or cyclohexylamine to form, for example a [2-(cyclohexylimino)propyl] phosphonate diester.
  • the latter compound is then reacted with a lithium dialkyl amide, such as lithium diethyl amide, to form, for example a (1 dialkoxyphosphinyl)-2-(cyclohexylimino) propyl lithium compound.
  • a lithium dialkyl amide such as lithium diethyl amide
  • the [l-(l-hydroxyethyl) ketonyl] phosphonate diester is then obtained by reacting, for example, a 1 dialkoxy phosphinyl)-2-cyclohexylimine) propyl lithium compound with acetaldehyde.
  • (i) and (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid and its salts are useful antimicrobial agents, which are active in inhibiting the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
  • the acid and its salts in particular, are active against Bacillus, Escherichia, Staphylococci, Salmonella, and Proteus pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant strains thereof.
  • pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella schottmuelleri, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum, Proteus vulgarz's, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pyogenes.
  • (1) and (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)- phosphonic acid and salts thereof can be used as antiseptic agents to remove susceptible organisms from pharmaceutical, dental, and medical equipment and other areas subject to infection by such organisms.
  • they can be used to separate certain microorganisms from mixtures of microorganisms.
  • Salts of (cis-l,2epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid such as the sodium and calcium salts are also useful in the treatment of diseases caused by bacterial infections in man and animals and are particullarly valuable in this respect, since they are active against resistant strains of pathogens. These salts are especially valuable, since they are effective when given orally, although they can also be administered parenterally.
  • the salts of (cis-l,Z-epoxypropyl)-phosphonie acid are useful as preservatives in industrial applications since they elfectively inhibit undesirable bacterial growth in the white water used in paper mills and in paints, e.g., in polyvinyl acetate latex paint.
  • diprop argyll-hydroxy-2-methyl-3 (me syloxyimino) propyl1-phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl-[1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3- (tosyloxyimino)-pentyl]-phosphonate, there are obtained diphenyl (cis 1,2 epoxypropyl)phosphonate, dibenzyl- (cis-1,Z-epoxypropyl)-phosphonate, and dipropargyl-(ciS- 1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonate, respectively.
  • diallyl- 1- l-hydroxyethyl) -2-brosyloxyimino) -butyl] phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl-[1-hydroxy 2-methyl-3- (tosyloxyimino)-pentyl]-phosphonate, there are obtained diethyl (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)phosphonate, dibutyl-(cis- 1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonate, and diallyl-(ci-s-l,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonate respectively.
  • the following examples illustrate a method for preparing the starting materials employed in the preparation of the (cis-1,2-epoxypropy1)phosphonic acid diesters.
  • the latter compound (25 mmoles) is then dissolved in 20 ml. of ether, and the resulting solution is added to lithium diiso-propylamide (25 mmoles) in 50 ml. of ether at 0 C.
  • the reaction solution is then aged at 0 C. for 10 minutes.
  • the solution is then cooled to 70 C. and to this is added dropwise with stirring a solution of acetaldehyde (25 mmoles) in 250 ml. of ether over 2 hours.
  • the mixture is then aged for 24 hours at room temperature, cooled to 0 C., and then decomposed with ice water.
  • the ether layer is separated and washed first with dilute aqueous phosphoric acid, then with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and is dried with sodium sulfate. Upon evaporation of the solvent, dimethyl-[l-(l-hydroxyethyl) -2-oxopropyl[-phosphonate is obtained.
  • dipropyl- (2oxopropyl) -phosphonate, diphenyl-( 2-oxopropy1)-phosphonate, and di-t-butyl-(Z-oxopropyl)-phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl-(Z-oxopropyl)-phosphonate, there are obtained dipropyl- 1- l-hydroxyethyl -2-oxopropyl -phosphonate,
  • di-t-butyl-( l-hydroxy-2-methyl-3 -oxopentyl) -phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl-(l-hydroxy-Z-methyl- 3-oxopentyl)phosphonate, there are obtained dibenzyll-hydroxy-3-hydroxyimino-2-methylpentyl) phosphonate,
  • the latter compound (25 mmoles) is dissolved in 20 ml. of ether, and the resulting solution is added with stirring to a solution of lithium diisopropyl amide (25 mmoles) in 50 ml. of ether at C.
  • the resulting solution is aged for 10 minutes at 0 C., after which the solution is cooled to 70 C.
  • a solution of dimethylformylphosphonate (25 mmoles) in 25 ml. of ether is added dropwise to the solution of 3-oxo-2-pentyllithium at '-70 C.
  • the reaction mixture is aged for 24 hours at room temperature, after which it is cooled to 0 C. decomposed with ice water, and washed with dilute aqueous phosphoric acid.
  • the ether layer is then washed with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate and dried with sodium sulfate. Upon evaporation of the solvent, dimethyl-(l-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentyl)-phosphonate is obtained.
  • dibenzylformyl-phosphonate and diphenylformylphosphonate are employed in place of dimethylformylphosphonate, there are obtained dibenzyl (1 hydroxy 2 methyl-3-oxopentyl)-phoshonate and diphenyll-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentyl)- phosphonate, respectively.
  • dipropyl-(l-hydroxy-Z- methyl 3 oxopentyl)-phosphonate and di-t-butyl-( 1- hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentyl)phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentyl)- phosphonate, there are obtained dipropyl-(1-hydroxy-3- hydroxyimino 2 methylpentyl)-phosphonate and di-tbutyl (1 hydroxy 3-hydroxyimino-2-methylpentyl)- phosphonate, respectively.
  • diallyl-[l-(l-hydroxyethyl) -2-oxopropyl -phosphonate and diphenyl-[1-( l-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxobutyl]-phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl (1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxopentyl)- phosphonate, there are obtained diallyl-[l-(l-hydroxyethyl) 2 (hydroxyimino)-propyl]-phosphonate and diphenyl [1 (l-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-butyl]- phosphonate, respectively.
  • reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours at 0 C., after which the mixture is filtered using Supercel as a filter aid; the filter cake is then washed with benzene. Upon evaporation of the solvent, crystalline dimethyl-[l-hydroxy-Z-methyl 3 (tosyloxyimino)-pentyl]-phosphonate is obtained.
  • dibenzyll-hydroxy-3-hydroxyin1ino-2-methylpentylphosphonate, dipropargyl-(1-hydroxy-3-hydroxyimino-2-methylpentyl)-phosphonate, and di-t-butyl-( l-hydroxy-3 -hydroxyin1ino-2-methylpentyl phosphonate 8 are employed in place of dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-hydroxyimino-2-methylpentyl)-phosphonate, there are obtained dibenzyl-[ 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3- (tosyloxyimino pentyl] -phosphonate,
  • dibutyl-[1-( l-hydroxyethyl) -2-hydroxyimino) -butyl] phosphonate are employed in place of dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-hydroxyimino-2-methylpentyl)-phosphonate, there are obtained dibenzyl-[ 1- l-hydroxyethyl) -2- (tosyloxyimino) propyl -phosphonate,
  • a process for the preparation of a (cis-l,2-ep0xypropyl)-phosphonic acid diester which comprises cyclizing a compound of the formula in the presence of a base at a temperature of from 080 C. wherein R and R are the same or different loweralkyl, phenyl, benzyl, ally], and progargyl, and R is a tosyloxy, brosyloxy, mesyloxy, trifluoroacetoxy, or 2,4-dinitrophenoxy group.
  • a process for the preparation of a (cis-1,2-epoxypropyl)-phosphonic acid diester which comprises cyclizing a compound of the formula in the presence of a base at a temperature of from 0-80" C. wherein R and R are the same or different loweralkyl, phenyl, benzyl, allyl, and propargyl, R is a tosyloxy, brosyloxy, mesyloxy, trifluoroacetoxy, or 2,4-dinitrophenoxy, and R is loweralkyl.

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US789060A 1969-01-02 1969-01-02 Preparation of (cis-1 2-epoxypropyl) phosphonates from substituted imino compounds Expired - Lifetime US3637763A (en)

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BE (1) BE743858A (fr)
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4772738A (en) * 1984-10-12 1988-09-20 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphonuous acid compounds
US5190934A (en) * 1989-06-03 1993-03-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation P-subsituted propane-phosphinic acid compounds
US5190933A (en) * 1987-12-04 1993-03-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphinic acid compounds
US5229379A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-07-20 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Certain n-substituted-amino-alkane phosphinic acid derivatives having anti-epileptic properties
US5243062A (en) * 1984-10-12 1993-09-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphonous acid compounds
US5300679A (en) * 1987-12-04 1994-04-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphinic acid compounds
US5457095A (en) * 1984-10-12 1995-10-10 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosponous acid compounds
US5461040A (en) * 1989-05-13 1995-10-24 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted aminoalkylphosphinic acids
US5567840A (en) * 1989-05-13 1996-10-22 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted aminoalkylphosphinic acids

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4772738A (en) * 1984-10-12 1988-09-20 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphonuous acid compounds
US4908465A (en) * 1984-10-12 1990-03-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphonous acid compounds
US5004826A (en) * 1984-10-12 1991-04-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphonous acid compounds
US5243062A (en) * 1984-10-12 1993-09-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphonous acid compounds
US5457095A (en) * 1984-10-12 1995-10-10 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosponous acid compounds
US5190933A (en) * 1987-12-04 1993-03-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphinic acid compounds
US5300679A (en) * 1987-12-04 1994-04-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted propane-phosphinic acid compounds
US5461040A (en) * 1989-05-13 1995-10-24 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted aminoalkylphosphinic acids
US5567840A (en) * 1989-05-13 1996-10-22 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Substituted aminoalkylphosphinic acids
US5190934A (en) * 1989-06-03 1993-03-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation P-subsituted propane-phosphinic acid compounds
US5229379A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-07-20 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Certain n-substituted-amino-alkane phosphinic acid derivatives having anti-epileptic properties
US5545631A (en) * 1990-06-22 1996-08-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation N-substituted aminoalkanephosphinic acid derivatives, compositions thereof, and their use as anti-epileptics

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CH523920A (de) 1972-06-15
BE743858A (fr) 1970-06-30
ZA698858B (en) 1971-07-28
NL6918035A (fr) 1970-07-06
DE1965472A1 (de) 1970-07-02

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