US3636598A - Method for correcting weft distortions in woven webs - Google Patents

Method for correcting weft distortions in woven webs Download PDF

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Publication number
US3636598A
US3636598A US874503A US3636598DA US3636598A US 3636598 A US3636598 A US 3636598A US 874503 A US874503 A US 874503A US 3636598D A US3636598D A US 3636598DA US 3636598 A US3636598 A US 3636598A
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region
speed
web
tenter
weft threads
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US874503A
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English (en)
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John H Hannaway
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Mount Hope Machinery Ltd
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Mount Hope Machinery Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06H—MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
    • D06H3/00—Inspecting textile materials
    • D06H3/12—Detecting or automatically correcting errors in the position of weft threads in woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Bow distortions of the weft threads of woven webs are removed by normally operating a tenter frame at a slightly faster speed than a roll feed drawing the web forwardly from the tenter, thereby intentionally inducing a lagging bow in the web.
  • Bow detection means are connected to momentarily slow the speed of the tenter to lessthan that of the roll feed when the lagging bow attains an acceptable maximum, allowing the weft threads to return to a straight configuration and eventually toward a leading bow of maximum acceptable magnitude, whereupon the tenter is caused to resume its normal slightly faster speed.
  • a bowed weft in which the central portions of the weft threads lead or lag the ends, can be straightened by speeding up or slowing down both tenter chains in unison. This is a very difficult operation to carry out with any accuracy, especially when a combination of bow and skew distortions appears, as occurs very frequently. Even the most skilled operators cannot control the tenter accurately if the cloth is fed at more than a moderate rate of speed.
  • Drawbacks of these prior methods of automatic control include a tendency of such systems to hunt or fluctuate constantly between unacceptably large amounts of leading and lagging bow. Overcorrection is unavoidable, since a corrective rate of change of speed of the tenter rails is not produced until the maximum tolerated bow in either sense is attained. Because this rate of change of speed is finite, and is in fact usually rather slow, the speed does not change instantaneously, so that the bow distortion continues to increase beyond the acceptable limit until such time as the speed of the rails has changed enough to start to reduce the bow error. Moreover, the resulting continual operation of the control system leads to relatively rapid wear of the system and requires rather frequent maintenance and adjustment. The equipment required is also somewhat complicated and therefore relatively costly to purchase and install.
  • I warp the web partially about one or more draw rolls driven at a uniform, predetermined speed. This establishes a web speed in the region of the roll feed which is uniform for all warp elements, i.e., the speed is constant at all points across the width of the web.
  • the tenter chains are normally driven at a speed which is slightly greater than the predetermined speed of the roll feed; the result is a tendency for the weft threads gradually to assume a lagging bow, with the central portions lagging behind the ends of the weft threads at the selvages of the cloth.
  • a control system reduces the tenter chain speed to somewhat less than the speed of the roll feed for a fixed, brief interval. This permits the selvages to slow relative to the center of the web, and causes the weft distortion to change from a lagging toward a leading bow configuration.
  • control system After an interval of this reduction of chain speed, the control system is inactivated and ceases to produce speedreducing pulses, and the chains revert to their original higher speed.
  • the control system is blocked in its inactive state for a further interval to allow a lagging bow to develop once again, but is reactivated so that it can slow down the tenter chains before an excessive amount of lagging bow develops.
  • This method of bow control requires only one condition or control point to be detected for control actuation; this the presence or absence of a lagging bow corresponding to a maximum tolerance limit.
  • Both the intervals of tenter chain speed reduction and of control inactivity are preferably adjustable to suit the operating conditions.
  • the former should be sufiicient to allow the weft threads to attain a slightly leading how.
  • the latter should permit only a similar permissable amount of lagging bow to appear before the control system is reactivated.
  • tenter chains might normally be run at a speed slightly less, instead of greater, than the speed of the roll feed. This would induce an intentional leading bow in place of a lagging one,and the limiting configuration of the weft threads would be a permissable limit of leading bow. This mode of practice is not preferred, however, since the pulses would tend to cause excess material to accumulate between the tenter frame and the roll feed, possibly resulting in loss of control of the web because of excess slackness.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing a first form of the invention applied to a bonding operation
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view in side elevation taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the apparatus, showing several types of weft distortions for purposes of illustrating the mode of operation of the apparatus;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary schematic plan view showing a modification of the apparatus.
  • a first form of apparatus is illus trated as it may be applied to a process of bonding an indefinite length of woven web material 10 with a backing sheet of lining material, such as nylon tricot for example.
  • the web 10 is fed in the direction shown by the arrows by driving the curing drum 86 of a bonding range, about which it is partially wrapped, and is supplied in a stabilized flat condition from suitable tensioning devices, stabilizing rolls, expanders, or other conventional apparatus (not shown) for preparing the cloth for straightening and framing in a difierential tenter frame 16.
  • the tenter has a pair of chains 12 trained around idler sprockets l4 and drive sprockets 18, the latter being mounted on independent shafts 34 so that the chains may be driven at different speeds.
  • the opposite selvages of the web are engaged with pins 13 carried by the links of the tenter chains.
  • the web ordinarily passes from the tenter frame 16 over a conventional expander, illustrated as a curved roll expander90, and a suitable wrap angle is established by idler rolls 88.
  • a coating of bonding adhesive is applied by rolls 92 to the upper surface of the web 10, which is then bonded by rolls 96 with backing material 95 drawn from a supply spool 94.
  • Idler rolls 98 wrap the laminated material through a suitable are about the curing drum 86, which is heated to set the bonding adhesive.
  • the application of the weft-straightening method is not limited to a bonding operation, which is shown only for purposes of illustration; it may be used in many processes involving a roll feed supplied with straightened cloth by a tenter.
  • the shaft 85 of the curing drum is driven at a uniform linear surface velocity by an electric motor 83, through a speedreducing drive comprising a chain 75 trained around sprockets 76 and 78; a jack shaft 74, and a chain 84 trained around sprockets 80 and 82.
  • the tenter chains 12 are arranged to be driven at adjustable speeds by the range drive motor 83.
  • a shaft 65 carrying a normally engaged electrically operated clutch 66 is driven from the jack shaft 74 by a chain 70 trained around sprockets 72 and 68, and normally drives a shaft 50 through the clutch and a chain 62, trained on sprockets 64 and 60.
  • a reduced speed of the shaft 50 is obtainable by deenergizing and thereby disengaging the clutch 66.
  • the shaft 65 also carries a sprocket 56, driving an overrunning sprag clutch 58 through a chain 54 and sprocket 52.
  • the clutch 58 is arranged to freewheel when the clutch 66 is energized and engaged to drive the shaft 50 at a normally higher speed; but deenergization and disengagement of the clutch 66 bypasses the drive through the slower speed sprocket train 56 and 52 and the overrunning clutch 58, to drive the shaft 50 at a reduced speed.
  • the speed ratio between the alternate drive trains is not greatly different from unity, depending on the judgment of the design engineer as to the requirements of a particular installation, but will not normally be much more than 100:99. This is done to avoid a condition in which a too-much-reduced tenter speed would stretch the selvages between the tenter and the curing drum 86 to the point of damage. Likewise, it is necessary to avoid a too-much-increased tenter speed which would produce enough slack to cause detector wheels 24, which will be further described hereinafter, to lose control.
  • the shaft 50 drives an adjustable speed reducer 46, which may be of a well-known belt-and-cone type such'as the Reeves Drive, and which has a manual adjustment wheel 48.
  • This permits the precise linear speed ratio between the bonding range 86 and the tenter chains 12 to be varied as necessary for the best treatment of the particular web material being processed at any time.
  • the drive shaft 26 has two alternate driving connections of different speed ratios with each of the chain drive sprockets 18.
  • the normal driving connection is made by chains 30 trained around sprockets 28, 32, the latter being connected with the shafts 34 of sprockets 18 by means of overrunning sprag clutches 36.
  • An increase in the speed of either sprocket 18 can be obtained by energizing a corresponding one of a pair of normally disengaged, electrically operable clutches 40.
  • the configurations of weft threads in the region of the cloth passing over the tenter frame are detected automatically by a pair of detector heads 22, each having a swiveling caster wheel 24 riding on the cloth.
  • the detection system is preferably designed in accordance with US. Pat. No. 3,350,933 issued Nov. 7, 1967 to Leo J. Smith, entitled Weft-Detecting Method and Apparatus," and assigned to the assignee of the present application. Accordingly, two detector heads 22 are mounted upon a supporting structure including a transverse rod 20, and engage the cloth on opposite sides of its centerline.
  • a skewed condition of the weft threads is reflected by both caster wheels 24 turning in the same angular sense from a normal running position parallel to the length of the cloth, while a bowed condition is indicated by the wheels turning in opposite angular directions from their normal positions.
  • FIG. 3 An example of the operation of the detectors is shown in FIG. 3, in which the weft threads 11 of the web 10 are shown in their normal right-angular relation to the warp threads 13 in region A, in a bow distortion in region B, and in a skew distortion in region C.
  • the transition from a pure bow to a pure skew results in an overlap of regions B and C, where a compound distortion appears; this is frequently encountered in actual practice.
  • the caster wheels 24 are pressed into the plane of the web 10, and produce local depressions which cause the warp threads to pass under the wheels at slight angles to the length of the web if the weft threads are distorted.
  • the wheels 24 follow the warp threads, and their angular positions are therefore a measure of the weft thread configurations.
  • Transducers in the heads 22 produce output signals which reflect the angular positions of the wheels, and these signals are applied by electrical leads 102 in a bridge circuit A mounted in a control panel 100.
  • the circuit A simultaneously provides output signals representing the algebraic sum of the angular displacements of the wheels 24, indicating skew distortions, and the algebraic difference of these angular displacements, indicating bow distortions.
  • the sense of a skew distortion that is a weft leading at the right or left edge of the web, and the sense of a bow distortion, whether involving central portions of the weft threads leading or lagging their ends, are determined by including conventional phase-discrimination means in the circuit A.
  • the circuit A applies a control signal to a relay R1, closing a normally open relay contact IR] and energizing the clutch 40 at the left side of the tenter frame 16 through a lead 106, and thereby increasing the speed of the left-hand tenter chain 12 to a faster rate than the right-hand chain. This tends to cause the left selvage to catch up with the right selvage, thereby correcting the skew by bringing the weft threads into perpendicularity with with the length of the cloth.
  • An adjustable timing circuit Tl limits the duration of the energizing signal to the left-hand clutch 40; and also sets a limit to the frequency of energization, by establishing a time interval during which no energizing signal can be delivered, for the purpose of curtailing hunting or continuous cycling of the control system.
  • a service engineer may set the duration and frequency of skew signal response for the optimum corrective action in any given installation.
  • the circuit A will apply a control signal to a relay R2 through the timing circuit T1. This closes a normally open relay contact 1R2 to energize a lead 107, energizing the clutch 40 at the right side of the tenter frame 16 and thus increasing the speed of the right-hand tenter chain 12 to a faster rate than the left-hand chain. This causes the right-hand selvage to overtake the left-hand selvage, correcting the skew distortion.
  • the algebraic difierence of the detector signals indicates how distortion, and a net output signal whose phase represents a lagging bow, i.e., a bow as illustrated in region B of FIG. 3, in
  • the timing circuit T2 is designed and adjusted to limit the period and frequency of speed-reduction of the tenter chains 12 so that the weft will at no time assume more than a small leading bow distortion, but so that control actuation will not have a continuously cycling or hunting characteristic.
  • the relay R3 is deenergized, allowing the contact 1R3 to reclose and thus energize and reengage the clutch 66. This accelerates the chains 12 to their normal speed, and tends to draw the weft threads once again into a lagging bow configuration.
  • the frequency of operation of the relay R3 by the timing circuit T2 is set to obtain sufiiciently short intervals to avoid such a large degree of lagging bow in the weft threads that the resulting laminated web would not satisfy production tolerances.
  • a maximum lag in the central portions of the weft threads of one-quarter inch behind the ends would, for example, normally fall well within the acceptable tolerance for a web a few feet in width.
  • the duration of closure of the relay R3 is set at a sufficiently short period to avoid the occurrence of any leading bow condition in excess of the same tolerance.
  • control response is limited to fixed brief intervals occurring with a predetermined maximum frequency. Consequently, the improved apparatus and method of bow correction afford a great reduction in hunting or continuous cycling operation of the control system.
  • An alternative arrangement would be to provide means for producing three driving speeds for the tenter chains: slightly 'overspeed, synchronous, and slightly underspeed with respect to the curing drum 86.
  • Such a system while possibly acceptable in stability characteristics, would be substantially more complicated and expensive, both in the tenter drive means and in the control system.
  • the speeds of the sprockets 18 may be adjusted within a moderate range by the hand crank 48 as necessary to insure the development of a lagging bow when the tenter chains are running at their faster rate. It should also be noted that the process of skew correction by energizing one of the clutches 40 superimposes an addendum on the speed of one or the other of the sprockets 18, so that compound distortions involving both bow and skew, as illustrated for example in the region C of FIG. 3, can be corrected by simultaneous different speed adjustments of the two sprockets 18.
  • FIG. 4 A modification of the apparatus is shown in FIG. 4, from which some unchanged portions of the system are omitted, and like parts are numbered the same as those of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the laminating range drive motor 83 is not used to drive the tenter chains 12, and this function is performed alternatively by fixed-speed drive motors 120 or 122.
  • the motor 120 normally drives the shaft 50 at a higher rate of speed through a chain 118 and sprockets 114 and 116, delivering a linear velocity to the tenter chains 12 which slightly exceeds the linear velocity of the laminating range 86 and therefore tends to induce a lagging bow in the web 10.
  • the motor 120 is energized by a normally closed relay contact 1R3 while the relay R3 remains deenergized, in the absence of a bow-in-.
  • the motor 122 operates at the same speed as the motor 120, but is connected to the shaft 50 by a chain 112 and sprockets 110, 108 which deliver a somewhat slower drive train ratio than the sprockets 116, 114, and are selected to drive the tenter chains 12 at a somewhat slower linear velocity than the curing drum 86.
  • Application of a bow-indicating signal to ,the relay R3 by the circuits A and T2 closes a normally open relay contact 2R3 to energize the motor 122, while opening the contact 1R3 to deenergize the motor 120, thereby retarding the speed of the tenter chains to allow the weft threads of the web to shift from a lagging bow toward a leading bow.
  • the operation of this system is similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, and will be readily understood from the foregoing description of that system.
  • my improved method of weft-straightening entails the steps of feeding one region of the web at a speed which is uniform for each of its longitudinal warp elements, while gripping and feeding only the selvages, in another region closer to the webs source, at a speed which is normally somewhat faster. This tends to induce a lagging bow in the weft threads.
  • My method also requires that the extent of this bowing shall be determined, and that the rate of feeding of the selvages in the second region shall be reduced temporarily below the velocity of the first region when the weft threads have become bowed to an extent that does not exceed acceptable limits.
  • the optimum interval and frequency can be readily determined by experiment and may vary substantially under different circumstances, but the interval of speed reduction may typically extend from one to a few seconds at most, and occur with a frequency of one such interval in every 5 or 10 seconds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US874503A 1969-11-06 1969-11-06 Method for correcting weft distortions in woven webs Expired - Lifetime US3636598A (en)

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US87450369A 1969-11-06 1969-11-06

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US (1) US3636598A (fr)
BE (1) BE758287A (fr)
DE (1) DE2054741A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2071896A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1328407A (fr)
NL (1) NL7015774A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4346621A (en) * 1978-09-07 1982-08-31 Automated Energy Systems, Inc. Power transmission apparatus
US4378161A (en) * 1980-08-01 1983-03-29 Sw Industries, Inc. Optical sensing system for determining the angular orientation of weft threads
US4656360A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-04-07 Sw Industries, Inc. Optical sensing system for determining the orientation of weft threads in a wide variety of fabrics
US4788756A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-12-06 Leitner Sr Frank W Apparatus for straightening bow in fabric in a tenter frame
US4894891A (en) * 1987-01-21 1990-01-23 Mahlo Gmbh & Co. Kc Apparatus for measuring the weft thread position and for aligning the weft thread in textiles
US4899425A (en) * 1986-11-14 1990-02-13 Mahlo Gmbh & Co. Kg. Apparatus for straightening weft yarns in fabrics
US5255419A (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-10-26 Morrison Berkshire, Inc. Tentering apparatus and method
CN103984282A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-08-13 浙江工业大学之江学院 染整织物变形智能系统及其矫正方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839767A (en) * 1972-04-12 1974-10-08 Coltron Ind Apparatus for straightening fabric

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1864373A (en) * 1931-11-12 1932-06-21 North Carolina Finishing Co In Finishing of fabric
US2208447A (en) * 1938-04-22 1940-07-16 Gen Electric Apparatus for straightening woven material
US2219213A (en) * 1939-10-14 1940-10-22 Utica Willowvaie Bleaching Com Method and apparatus for correcting bow in woven material
US2311406A (en) * 1942-03-24 1943-02-16 Gen Electric Measuring lengths and correcting skew and bow in woven material
US2968856A (en) * 1957-03-08 1961-01-24 American Cyanamid Co Method for continuously straightening sheet material
US3296676A (en) * 1964-06-03 1967-01-10 Dan C Page Jr Weft straightening apparatus and method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1864373A (en) * 1931-11-12 1932-06-21 North Carolina Finishing Co In Finishing of fabric
US2208447A (en) * 1938-04-22 1940-07-16 Gen Electric Apparatus for straightening woven material
US2219213A (en) * 1939-10-14 1940-10-22 Utica Willowvaie Bleaching Com Method and apparatus for correcting bow in woven material
US2311406A (en) * 1942-03-24 1943-02-16 Gen Electric Measuring lengths and correcting skew and bow in woven material
US2968856A (en) * 1957-03-08 1961-01-24 American Cyanamid Co Method for continuously straightening sheet material
US3296676A (en) * 1964-06-03 1967-01-10 Dan C Page Jr Weft straightening apparatus and method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Coltron Solid State Fabric Straighteners, Coltron Industries, Inc., Bulletin COL 100. received in Patent Office 12/12/1967. *
Electronic Straighteners Use Two Different Systems, by D. Eldred, Textile World, October, 1947. *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4346621A (en) * 1978-09-07 1982-08-31 Automated Energy Systems, Inc. Power transmission apparatus
US4378161A (en) * 1980-08-01 1983-03-29 Sw Industries, Inc. Optical sensing system for determining the angular orientation of weft threads
US4656360A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-04-07 Sw Industries, Inc. Optical sensing system for determining the orientation of weft threads in a wide variety of fabrics
US4899425A (en) * 1986-11-14 1990-02-13 Mahlo Gmbh & Co. Kg. Apparatus for straightening weft yarns in fabrics
US4987663A (en) * 1986-11-14 1991-01-29 Mahlo Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for straightening weft yarns in fabrics
US4894891A (en) * 1987-01-21 1990-01-23 Mahlo Gmbh & Co. Kc Apparatus for measuring the weft thread position and for aligning the weft thread in textiles
US4788756A (en) * 1987-01-22 1988-12-06 Leitner Sr Frank W Apparatus for straightening bow in fabric in a tenter frame
US5255419A (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-10-26 Morrison Berkshire, Inc. Tentering apparatus and method
CN103984282A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-08-13 浙江工业大学之江学院 染整织物变形智能系统及其矫正方法

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BE758287A (fr) 1971-04-01
GB1328407A (en) 1973-08-30
FR2071896A5 (fr) 1971-09-17
NL7015774A (fr) 1971-05-10
DE2054741A1 (de) 1971-05-27

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