US3633373A - Method and apparatus for the generation of refrigerating energy - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the generation of refrigerating energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3633373A US3633373A US15433A US3633373DA US3633373A US 3633373 A US3633373 A US 3633373A US 15433 A US15433 A US 15433A US 3633373D A US3633373D A US 3633373DA US 3633373 A US3633373 A US 3633373A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- adsorption
- heat
- columns
- column
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
Definitions
- PATENTED JAIN 1 I972 SHEET 3 0F 3 must 514/1 6 Cam 5M5 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION F REFRIGERATING ENERGY
- the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the regeneration of refrigerating energy at very low temperature, utilizing refrigerating emission during the desorption of a gas.
- a method for recovering the refrigerating emission during desorption of a gas having available a hot source at a temperature of the order of K., and causing a mass of adsorbent products to absorb and desorb successively, the said mass being successively brought during the course of these operations from the hot temperature to a colder temperature. While this method of operation enables very low temperatures to be reached, it has not however a very satisfactory power efficiency.
- the present invention relates to a method of generation of refrigerating energy at very low temperature which has a considerably improved power efficiency and which enables temperatures to be obtained still lower than those which were possible in known methods, based on the same principle.
- the method according to the invention is especially characterized in that there are arranged at least two columns of thermally insulated chambers provided with adsorbent products, the said adsorbent products being associated with heat-conduction means in the transverse direction of the said columns; in that the adsorbed gas is sucked into a hot extremity of a first column, and is delivered into a corresponding extremity of at least one second column; then in that the suction and delivery circuits are reversed in a cyclic manner; in that the heat emission appearing in a zone adjacent to a section-delivery orifice associated with the column in course of adsorption, is evacuated towards the exterior; and in that there is created a closed gas circulation at a very low liquefaction temperature partly longitudinally in the interior of the said columns and in good thermal contact with the said heat-conduction means, partly to the exterior of the said columns while coming into contact with a member forming a cold source, the said closed circulation being effected in the said columns in counterflow with the adsorption-de
- this arrangement makes it possible to carry out the operations of adsorption and desorption of adsorbent products which are maintained at a substantially constant temperature ranging between the hot temperature and the cold temperature.
- helium is employed as the gas for the said closed circulation.
- the invention has also for its object a refrigeration generator characterized in that it comprises at least two columns equipped with adsorption means on supports having essentially radial heat conductivity, and closed circulation means for a gas in heat transfer with exchangers arranged longitudinally in each column in contact with the said supports, means for transferring the adsorption-desorption gas from one column to another column, and means for putting the gas into circulation in a closed circuit, and in a cyclic manner, always in counterflow to the circulation of the adsorption-desorption gas in the said columns, together with means for evacuating heat towards the exterior in the zone in which the suctiondelivery of the gas is effected.
- FIG. I is a diagrammatic view of an adsorption-desorption refrigeration generator according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial diagrammatic view of an alternative form of construction
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a second alternative form of construction
- FIG. 4 is a view in partial cross section and to a larger scale of a detail of an adsorption column.
- a refrigeration generator comprises two columns 1 and 2, each consisting of two chambers 3 and 4, 3 and 4, thermally insulated, the chambers 3 and 4 on the one hand and 3' and 4' on the other being connected to each other by a conduit 5, 5' and by a conduit 6, 6 to a coil 7, 7 respectively of a first exchanger 8, 8' and then to coils 9, 9 of a common exchanger 10, and from thence to two valves II, 12 on the one hand and two valves 11', 12 on the other, the valves 11 and 12 being connected to the high-pressure outlet of a compressor 13 of the refrigeration type, using water for example, while the valves 11' and 12 are connected to the low-pressure admission of this compressor 13.
- valves 11 and 11 By opening the valves 11 and 11, while the valves l2, 12' are closed, a gaseous fluid can be sucked out of the chambers 3' and 4' and delivered in the direction of the arrow f toward the chambers 3 and 4, while the reverse operation takes place when the valves 12, 12 are opened and the valves 11, II are closed.
- each of the chambers 3, 3', 4, 4' are placed stacks of adsorbent products, rigidly fixed to supporting means forming heat conductors, the whole being arranged, at least in the chambers 3 and 3', in such manner that the heat conduction takes place in the radial direction of the column, while interruptions in heat conduction are ensured in the longitudinal direction.
- conductive winding of tape in the form of pancakes are advantageously employed, and on these conductive pancakes are encrusted grains of adsorbent product.
- Conductive tapes of this kind with an encrusted layer of adsorbent product, having the form of pancakes, are described in the U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 837,5 l 7 ofJune 30, 1969 in the name of the present applicants for Gas-adsorbing element and its method of manufactures.
- the chamber 3 (3') there is arranged a stack, of pancakes for example, 13a, 13b, 13g, l3'a, 13b 13'g respectively with the interposition between each winding l3a-I3b or 13b-l3c, etc., of heat insulation means which are however permeable to the gas, for example, perforated insulating spacers 40, as shown in FIG. 4.
- heat insulation means which are however permeable to the gas, for example, perforated insulating spacers 40, as shown in FIG. 4.
- a first nest of tubes l5, l5 supplied from a tank 16 of cryogenic liquid, for example, liquid nitrogen and adapted to vaporize this cryogenic liquid, the vapors of which flow through a pipe l7, 17', a coil 18, 18 of the exchanger 10 and a valve l9, l9.
- Changeover switching means (not shown) successively ensure the opening of the valve 19 and the closure of the valve 19', when the adsorptiondesorption gas is delivered into the column I, and the closure of the valve 19 and the opening of the valve 19, when this gas is delivered into the column 2.
- This tank 16 is in turn in communication with an escape conduit 20 to the open air through a coil 21 of the exchanger 10.
- a closed circuit for a gaseous cryogenic fluid with a very low vaporization point, for example helium, is established from one or the other of the circulators 24, 25 immersed in the bath of liquid nitrogen in the tank 16, through a coil 26, 26' of the exchanger 8, 8' respectively, a coil 27, 27 in the isothermal chamber 4, 4 respectively, and a coil 28, 28 in the chambers 3, 3' respectively, with an external connecting tube 29 between the two columns 1 and 2, cooperating with a member 30 constituting the cold source.
- a gaseous cryogenic fluid with a very low vaporization point for example helium
- the apparatus operates like a rocking device from the point of view of the phenomena of adsorption and desorption.
- the fluid of adsorbed and desorbed gas which is a mixture of helium and hydrogen for example, is propelled by the compressor 13 in the direction of the arrow f, that is to say the gases passing through the stacks of adsorbent l3'a, I3'b l3'h of the chambers 3' and 4 desorb under depression, while the stacks 13a, 13b. 13!: of the chambers 3 and 4 under pressure adsorb the gas which has just been desorbed after recompression.
- the circulator 24 is in motion and the circulator 25 is stopped, so that the gaseous helium circulates in the direction V, namely in counterflow to the current of adsorbed and desorbed gas in the columns 1 and 2.
- the compressor 13 sucks in the gas which is desorbed from the stacks of adsorbent 13a, ll3b 13h of the chambers 3 and 4 and delivers it into the stacks of adsorbent l3'a l3h of the chambers 3 and 4' in which the gas is adsorbed.
- valves l9 and 19 are successively opened so that the heat evolved during the adsorption phases is evacuated by vaporization of the liquid nitrogen.
- the circuit (15') associated with the column 1 (2) during the course of desorption There is of course no circulation of liquid nitrogen in the circuit (15') associated with the column 1 (2) during the course of desorption. All the operations of adsorption and desorption are thus effected in the chambers 4, 4' at constant temperature (warm temperature).
- This transfer fluid gives up a part of this cold to the cold source 30, the other part of this cold being employed to evacuate the emission of heat which takes place in the adsorbent stacks 13a 13g, while that which occurs in the stack 13!: is evacuated by the vaporization coil 15 of liquid nitrogen, solely in service in the column in course of adsorption.
- the functions are reversed, with a change in the direction of circulation of the flow of transfer fluid (circulator 24 stopped, circulator 25 in operation) and the opening of the valve 19', while the valve 19 is closed.
- the enthalpy available at. the source is equal to the difference in enthalpy between the low-pressure gas flowing towards the suction of the compressor 13 at the warm end of the exchanger 8', and the enthalpy of the highpressure gas, calculated in the following manner:
- the gaseous mixture treated by the compressor may comprise helium and hydrogen and/or neon, in proportion such that a high thermal effect is obtained during the adsorption and the desorption in the zone of temperature in the vicinity of 77 l(., in the chambers 4 and 4.
- the hydrogen will be essentially adsorbed in the chamber 4 or 4, the remainder being adsorbed in the warm zone or the regenerators 3 or 3'.
- the helium will be essentially adsorbed in the cold zones of the regeneration chambers 3 or 3'.
- the temperatures which can be reached at the source 30 are a function of the laws of adsorption and desorption in the regenerators 3 and 3', and also of the degree of irreversibility of the device in respect of heat exchanges.
- the method employed makes it possible to obtain temperatures as low as 20 K. or even 6 to 10 I(., by utilizing adsorbent cycled between a high pressure equal to or higher than 10 bars and a low pressure less than I bar, but as close as possible to this value.
- FIG. 3 shows a simplified construction of a refrigerating generator according to the invention, in which the main elements, which are identical with those described with reference to FIG. 1, have been given the same reference numbers.
- the means for maintaining a warm temperature above the ambient temperature by means of liquid nitrogen have been dispensed with.
- the coils l5 and 15' are supplied by a single flow which is alternately distributed into one or the other of the coils l5 and 15' by a circulator 35, 36 respectively.
- a method of generation of refrigerating energy available at a very cold temperature utilizing the refrigerating emission produced by the desorption of a gas in at least two columns of thermally insulated chambers provided with adsorbent products, the said adsorbent products being associated with thermally conductive means acting only in the transverse direction of said columns, and with heat-insulating gas-permeable means extending transversely at different levels in said columns, comprising sucking adsorbed gas into a warm extremity of a first column and delivering it into a corresponding extremity of at least one second column; reversing the suction and delivery circuits in a cyclic manner; evacuating towards the exterior the heat emission appearing in a zone adjacent to a suction delivery orifice associated with the column in course of adsorption; creating a closed circulation of gas at very low liquefaction temperature partly longitudinally in the interior of the said columns and in good thermal contact with the said thermally conductive means, partly to the exterior of the said columns while coming into contact with
- a refrigerating generator comprising at least two columns equipped with adsorption means on supports, said supports having essentially radial heat conductivity and further including heat-insulating gas permeable means extending transversely between said supports at different levels in said columns, and closed circulation means for a thermal transfer gas in heat transfer with heat exchangers arranged longitudinally in each column in contact with the said supports, means for transferring an adsorption-desorption gas from a suction-delivery extremity of one column to a suction-delivery extremity of another column and vice versa, and means for putting the thermal-transfer gas into circulation in a cyclic manner, always in counterflow to the circulation of the adsorptiondesorption gas in the said columns, and means for evacuating heat towards the exterior at the level of the suction-delivery extremities of the adsorption-desorption gas.
- a refrigerating generator according to claim 3, wherein the heat-evacuation means are constituted by means for circulating a cooling liquid.
- a refrigerating generator comprising supports having essentially radial heat conductivity made of metal strips on which are fixed by incrustation said adsorbent products, and heat-insulating spacers separating said supports.
- each column comprises two chambers communicating with each other, of which one, which is the chamber for introduction of the adsorption-desorption gases, is associated with a means for circulating a cooling liquid at constant temperature.
- a refrigerating generator according to claim 3, wherein the means for closed circulation of the thermal transfer gas comprise, an exchanger in thermal cooperation with a part of the means for transferring the adsorption-desorption gas.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR6907355A FR2036462A5 (de) | 1969-03-14 | 1969-03-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3633373A true US3633373A (en) | 1972-01-11 |
Family
ID=9030657
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15433A Expired - Lifetime US3633373A (en) | 1969-03-14 | 1970-03-02 | Method and apparatus for the generation of refrigerating energy |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3633373A (de) |
BE (1) | BE747329A (de) |
CA (1) | CA930560A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2011110A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2036462A5 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1309426A (de) |
NL (1) | NL165835C (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3750417A (en) * | 1971-02-26 | 1973-08-07 | Air Liquide | Method of generation of frigorific energy and a refrigerator utilizing said method |
US4111002A (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1978-09-05 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Cyclic desorption refrigerator and heat pump, respectively |
FR2592707A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-09 | 1987-07-10 | Shinryo Corp | Pompe a chaleur chimique utilisant la reaction de formation du clathrate |
US4928496A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-05-29 | Advanced Materials Corporation | Hydrogen heat pump |
WO1992022776A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-23 | Rocky Research | Improved continuous constant pressure system for staging solid-vapor compounds |
US5263330A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1993-11-23 | Rocky Research | Discrete constant pressure system for staging solid-vapor compounds |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4584842A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1986-04-29 | Tchernev Dimiter I | Solar refrigeration |
NL7602015A (nl) * | 1976-02-27 | 1977-08-30 | Philips Nv | Geheugensysteem. |
JPH06105141B2 (ja) * | 1984-05-01 | 1994-12-21 | アイ チヤ−ネヴ、デイミタ− | 低品位の熱源によつて作動されるヒ−トポンプ |
EP0412161A4 (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1991-07-03 | Innovatsionny Tsentr "Interlab" | Cryogenic adsorption refrigerator and method of cooling an object thereby |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3397549A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1968-08-20 | Research Corp | Cyclic desorption refrigerator |
-
1969
- 1969-03-14 FR FR6907355A patent/FR2036462A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-03-02 US US15433A patent/US3633373A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-03-10 DE DE19702011110 patent/DE2011110A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1970-03-10 CA CA077029A patent/CA930560A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-03-13 BE BE747329D patent/BE747329A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-03-13 GB GB1229770A patent/GB1309426A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-03-13 NL NL7003651.A patent/NL165835C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3397549A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1968-08-20 | Research Corp | Cyclic desorption refrigerator |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3750417A (en) * | 1971-02-26 | 1973-08-07 | Air Liquide | Method of generation of frigorific energy and a refrigerator utilizing said method |
US4111002A (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1978-09-05 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Cyclic desorption refrigerator and heat pump, respectively |
FR2592707A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-09 | 1987-07-10 | Shinryo Corp | Pompe a chaleur chimique utilisant la reaction de formation du clathrate |
US4718242A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1988-01-12 | Shinryo Corporation | Chemical heat pump utilizing clathrate formation reaction |
US4928496A (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-05-29 | Advanced Materials Corporation | Hydrogen heat pump |
US5263330A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1993-11-23 | Rocky Research | Discrete constant pressure system for staging solid-vapor compounds |
US5241831A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1993-09-07 | Rocky Research | Continuous constant pressure system for staging solid-vapor compounds |
WO1992022776A1 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1992-12-23 | Rocky Research | Improved continuous constant pressure system for staging solid-vapor compounds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1309426A (en) | 1973-03-14 |
FR2036462A5 (de) | 1970-12-24 |
CA930560A (en) | 1973-07-24 |
BE747329A (fr) | 1970-09-14 |
NL7003651A (de) | 1970-09-16 |
DE2011110A1 (de) | 1970-10-01 |
NL165835C (nl) | 1981-05-15 |
NL165835B (nl) | 1980-12-15 |
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