US3632407A - Protective coatings by chromium diffusion of metal parts and process - Google Patents
Protective coatings by chromium diffusion of metal parts and process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3632407A US3632407A US607148A US3632407DA US3632407A US 3632407 A US3632407 A US 3632407A US 607148 A US607148 A US 607148A US 3632407D A US3632407D A US 3632407DA US 3632407 A US3632407 A US 3632407A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- chromium
- iron
- halide
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 chromium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step
- C23C10/54—Diffusion of at least chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
- C23C10/14—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases more than one element being diffused in one step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to the preparation of a protective coating by diffusion of chromium and iron in combination into the surface of a metal base in which the surface is formed of nickel or an alloy of nickel.
- PROTECTIVE COATINGS BY CHROMIUM DIFFUSION OF METAL PARTS AND PROCESS The invention refers to the production of protective coats by diffusion of metal on parts which show a high content of nickel at the surface. These coats are relatively thick and show oxidation, corrosion, thermal shock and crack resistance, especially at high temperatures.
- nickel has a high resistance against atmospheric corrosion. That is why metal parts have been coated with nickel through a galvanic process, for example.
- the nickel is attacked while heating up by oxidation or corrosion comparatively early, depending on the surrounding atmosphere, more or less, by air, oxygen, sulphur or sulphur combinations.
- Parts which were coated with nickel, as well as those from pure nickel or at least 50 percent nickel containing alloys, which were treated according to the invented process showed a surprisingly thick coat with a high chromium concentration. However, no deterioration of these attributes of the produced coat showed up as normally should be expected. It was also surprising that the indiffused iron did not take any space of the chromium indiffused at the same time. On the contrary the nickel content at the surface was lowered at a percentage equivalent to the amount of iron.
- the transformation or indiffusion of chromium and iron takes place through the vapor phase where the chromium as well as the iron are existing as a halogen combination.
- the parts are formed of a base of nickel or a nickel alloy or also of a metal or metal alloy which were previously coated with nickel with a melting point above the diffusion temperature.
- These samples to be treated are suitably packed in a mixture of 10 percent chromium chloride, 5 percent iron chloride and percent aluminum oxide, and are heated according to the coat thickness to l,000 -l,200 C. for 5 to 20 hours.
- the indicated combination of the packing mixture is only an example. Instead of the chloride other halides can be used for the same purpose according to the invention.
- the invented process is also used at the advantage with metals and metal alloys which do not contain enough nickel to make possible the buildup of the wanted chromium-nickeliron coat. It is also advantageous with metals which cannot be chromized, because, for example, a limitation of diffusion exists through the material in connection with a mixed crystal buildup or the solubility for chromium or the hindering through other elements such as carbides or equivalents. In such cases, a nickel coat is put on through galvanic processes or spraying to produce a base in which the chromium and iron can be diffused. This process has the advantage for parts from metals or metal alloys especially when the center of the part should show high hardness, stress resistance, or other special attributes, and when the surface should be protected against corrosion, crack build up or thermal shock stress at high temperatures.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DED0049084 | 1966-01-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3632407A true US3632407A (en) | 1972-01-04 |
Family
ID=7051650
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US607148A Expired - Lifetime US3632407A (en) | 1966-01-05 | 1967-01-04 | Protective coatings by chromium diffusion of metal parts and process |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3632407A (is") |
| BE (1) | BE691398A (is") |
| CH (1) | CH490513A (is") |
| DE (1) | DE1521212C3 (is") |
| FR (1) | FR1505827A (is") |
| GB (1) | GB1136335A (is") |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4308160A (en) * | 1972-01-20 | 1981-12-29 | Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. | Protecting metals |
| US10156007B2 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2018-12-18 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Methods of applying chromium diffusion coatings onto selective regions of a component |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2219005A (en) * | 1938-12-13 | 1940-10-22 | Daeves Karl | Formation of chromium-containing layers on the surface of ferrous articles |
| US2875090A (en) * | 1953-12-22 | 1959-02-24 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Methods of forming superficial diffusion alloys on metal pieces and especially refractory metal pieces |
| US3163553A (en) * | 1958-10-27 | 1964-12-29 | Chromizing Corp | Process of diffusing metal into the surface of sheet metal |
| US3257227A (en) * | 1962-12-31 | 1966-06-21 | Chromalloy American Corp | Diffusion coating of metals |
| US3312546A (en) * | 1965-10-20 | 1967-04-04 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Formation of chromium-containing coatings on steel strip |
-
1966
- 1966-01-05 DE DE1521212A patent/DE1521212C3/de not_active Expired
- 1966-12-19 BE BE691398D patent/BE691398A/xx unknown
- 1966-12-19 FR FR87922A patent/FR1505827A/fr not_active Expired
- 1966-12-23 CH CH1842666A patent/CH490513A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1967
- 1967-01-04 US US607148A patent/US3632407A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-01-05 GB GB783/67A patent/GB1136335A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2219005A (en) * | 1938-12-13 | 1940-10-22 | Daeves Karl | Formation of chromium-containing layers on the surface of ferrous articles |
| US2875090A (en) * | 1953-12-22 | 1959-02-24 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Methods of forming superficial diffusion alloys on metal pieces and especially refractory metal pieces |
| US3163553A (en) * | 1958-10-27 | 1964-12-29 | Chromizing Corp | Process of diffusing metal into the surface of sheet metal |
| US3257227A (en) * | 1962-12-31 | 1966-06-21 | Chromalloy American Corp | Diffusion coating of metals |
| US3312546A (en) * | 1965-10-20 | 1967-04-04 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Formation of chromium-containing coatings on steel strip |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4308160A (en) * | 1972-01-20 | 1981-12-29 | Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. | Protecting metals |
| US10156007B2 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2018-12-18 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Methods of applying chromium diffusion coatings onto selective regions of a component |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1505827A (fr) | 1967-12-15 |
| DE1521212C3 (de) | 1974-03-07 |
| DE1521212A1 (de) | 1969-07-24 |
| GB1136335A (en) | 1968-12-11 |
| BE691398A (is") | 1967-05-29 |
| CH490513A (de) | 1970-05-15 |
| DE1521212B2 (de) | 1971-02-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION 825 THIRD AV Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT DATED DECEMBER 31, 1975.;ASSIGNOR:HOWMET CORPORATON A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004164/0321 Effective date: 19830705 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HOWMET CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004876/0559 Effective date: 19870422 |