US3632001A

US3632001A - Warehousing apparatus

Info

Publication number: US3632001A
Application number: US832036A
Authority: US
Inventors: Kenneth A Richens; Scott C Grover; James K Allred; James H Shook
Original assignee: Eaton Yale and Towne Inc
Current assignee: Eaton Corp
Priority date: 1969-05-05
Filing date: 1969-05-05
Publication date: 1972-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 1989-01-04
Also published as: JPS4913182B1; JPS5442150B1; DE2021611C2; FR2042402A1; DE2021611A1

Abstract

Warehousing system apparatus has a storage rack with several vertically and horizontally related storage elements. A mast is moved horizontally on rails parallel to the face of a storage rack, and a platform moves vertically along the mast in response to signals from a three-brush signal wire pickup on a control wire strung along the rack. Vertical and horizontal hydraulic drives and controls are independent so that the platform may fly or move diagonally in the shortest line between locations in the storage rack. Electric motors constantly operate hydraulic pumps; pump output is controlled by stepping motors having telemetering switches to indicate pumping direction. A positive neutral band is provided in the hydraulic system for better drive control. A carrier which is driven from the platform into the rack has a cam means to change the position of load-driving lugs each time the carrier is driven to a maximum displacement from the platform.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventors Kenneth A. Richens Salt Lake City; Scott C. Grover, Bountiful; James K. Allred, Salt Lake City, all of Utah; James H. Shook, Lakewood, C010. [21] Appl. No. 832,036 [22] Filed May 5, 1969 [45] Patented Jan. 4, 1972 [73] Assignee Eaton Yale & Towne, Inc.

Cleveland, Ohio [54] WAREHOUSING APPARATUS 8 Claims, 12 Drawing Figs.

[52] 11.8. C1 214/730, 105/75, 214/16.4 A [51] Int. Cl B65g 47/10 [50] Field ofSearch.... 214/16.42, 16.16 B, 16.16 C, 730, 95; 105/75 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,065,107 12/1936 Turner 214/16.1 BB 2,652,938 9/1953 Murphy... .....214/16.16 DB X 2,951,599 9/1960 Bogar ...2l4/16.18 B UX 2.016.626 10/1935 Constantinesco 105/215 C all Primary Examiner-Gerald M. Forlenza Assistant Examiner-George F. Abraham Attorney-Teagno & Toddy ABSTRACT: Warehousing system apparatus has a storage rack with several vertically and horizontally related storage elements. A mast is moved horizontally on rails parallel to the face of a storage rack, and a platform moves vertically along the mast in response to signals from a three-brush signal wire pickup on a control wire strung along the rack. Vertical and horizontal hydraulic drives and controls are independent so that the platform may fly or move diagonally in the shortest line between locations in the storage rack. Electric motors constantly operate hydraulic pumps; pump output is controlled by stepping motors having telemetering switches to indicate pumping direction. A positive neutral band is provided in the hydraulic system for better drive control. A carrier which is driven from the platform into the rack has a cam means to change the position of load-driving lugs each time the carrier is driven to a maximum displacement from the platform.

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PATENTEU JAN 4:912 3,632,001

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scoTT c. GROVER JAMES K. ALLRED e. JAMESH. SHOOK y MM ATTORN S PATENTED JAN 4 I972 SHEET 8 0F 8 [ICE] L r, l l l INVENTORS I KENNETH A. RICHENS o SCOTT c. GROVER Q 2 JAMES K. ALLRED a. JAMES H. SHOOK @WdwZlL ATTORNEYS PATENTEU JAN 4 i912 SHEET 7 OF 8 vmw m 2 3 13 m r m m J Qmi QN I: u wm .l 1 mm 12 m9 NNN WU WU W F I. fi s s 1i |I|4| III llllll 4 E w u z 1 1 E I}, J t 5 2 Q r pEFvkmwplrmyfim vwii j X h E y 1. 02 wow 9N w m M Q2 fig g N9 22% v N wow ooN mm. 8 v NE QON 9w vow xm T z QQ EN wowkk w KENNETH A. RICHENS SCOTT C. GROVER JAMES K. ALLRED 8. JAMES H. SHOOK ATTORNE WAREHOUSING APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Warehousing systems have come into wide use, and much attention has been given to the development of fast, accurate and dependable warehousing equipment which operates automatically with very little human supervision. High costs associated with conventional warehousing and needs for rapid systems having speeds commensurate with. improved mass production, rapid transportation, and inventory control techniques have required more automated systems. Many warehousing systems have several rows of storage racks which are supplied by input and output conveyors near ends of the racks. Stacker-retriever apparatus is located in each aisle between the racks to take goods from an input conveyor, to carry the goods to a particular location in the rack, to insert the goods in the racks, and to withdraw the goods from the racks, to carry them to the output conveyor, and to deposit them thereon as, in other words, perform an automatic warehousing function. Control of the input and output conveyors and control of the stacker-retriever is effected by a remote computer. The computer is connected with the stacker-retriever either by physical interconnection or by radio waves to control the movement and operation thereof.

Other warehousing systems which employ stacker-retrievers have a single rack face on one side of an aisle which is serviced by a stacker-retriever. On the other side of the aisle several stations with control consoles are provided to signal the main control computer as to the appropriate disposition of a load placed at the station, that is its appropriate storage place in a rack, or the storage place in a rack from which a load is desired to be deposited at the station.

Other warehousing systems which employ stacker-retrievers have a single rack face on one side of an aisle which is serviced by a stacker-retriever. On the other side of the aisle several stations with control consoles are provided to signal the main control computer as to the appropriate disposition of a load placed at the station, that is, its appropriate storage place in a rack, or the storage place in a rack from which a load is desired to be deposited at the station.

For convenience, the present invention has been described as in use with the latter form of warehousing system. It is obvious however, that the stacker-retriever which is described herein has equal application for use with a multiple-aisle input and output conveyor system. Well-known auxiliary apparatus transfers loads between conveyors and a stacker platform having a carrier configured to drive loads or to draw loads latterally off or on the platform.

Many problems remain in stacker-retriever technology. Because masts are very tall, acceleration and deceleration controls are very important. Wear of mast-supporting rails and rollers caused by driving friction causes rough travel and inaccuracy in the positioning of loads. Complexity of cycling circuitry and mechanical driving apparatus for shuttles inserters is another problem. Additionally, communications between a stacker-retriever and a main control console are difficult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves problems in stacker-retriever technology by providing a hydraulic drive apparatus with unique acceleration, deceleration and positioning controls. Problems. associated with wear are avoided by driving and supporting the mast with mutually distinct surfaces. Inserter circuitry complexity is limited to starting an electric motor in either direction. Accurate communications are insured by a three-brush link.

While a preferred form of the stacker-retriever is described in detail herein with a mast carriage moving on floor-mounted rails, all of the benefits of the invention are achieved by supporting the mast on overhead rails, and driving the mast on separate overhead surface. While the invention described herein in the detailed portion of the specification discusses a preferred embodiment in which both horizontal and vertical drives are electrohydraulically operated, it is obvious that either of the independent drive systems may be operated in a conventional manner.

One object of this invention is the provision of hydraulic drive apparatus with smooth acceleration and deceleration which is controlled by counters.

Another object of this invention is the provision of means for controlling acceleration drive and deceleration of horizontal and vertical stacker-retriever components in a warehouse system.

Another object of this invention is the provision of drive apparatus for a stacker-retriever which is independent of support surfaces for the mast.

A further object of this invention is the provision of mechanically cycled inserter apparatus for stacker-retrievers in warehousing systems.

Another object of this invention is the provision of redundant input and output signal pickups for warehousing communications systems.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the specification which includes the claims and from the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of warehousing system apparatus of the present invention, showing the general relationship of the stacker-retriever, storage racks and station elements.

FIG. 2 is a side elevation of a stacker-retriever of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional detail of a signal wire pickup.

FIG. 3 is an elevational detail partially in cross section, showing the arrangement of the driving apparatus of this invention.

FIG. 4 is a side elevational detail partially cutaway view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an end elevational detail of a roller assembly which is employed in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side elevational detail of the roller assembly shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is an end elevation of the platform which is vertically movable to selected storage and station locations.

FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the platform and carrier, showing the carrier in an extended position of maximum lateral displacement from the platform.

FIG. 9 is a side elevation detail of a camming mechanism for raising and lowering the load-engaging lugs.

FIG. 10 is a plan view detail of the apparatus of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart representation of the operational interrelationship of parts of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Referring to FIG. 1, a warehousing system apparatus is generally referred to by the numeral 1. A stacker-retriever 2 comprises a mast means 4, including a carriage 6. Mast means 4 and its carriage 6 move along parallel rails 8, which are mounted on the floor 9 of warehouse parallel to the face of a storage rack 11. Storage rack 11 defines a plurality of load bins l2 and includes a plurality of vertical columns 14 and horizontal shelves 16. Each bin 12 has horizontal shelves 16 which are spaced from each other, defining a central opening 18 therebetween.

Moving mast means 4 and its carriage 6 along rails 8 aligns load platform 20 on stacker-retriever 2 adjacent a vertical row of storage bins 12. Platform 20 is raised and lowered on mast 4 to align the platform 20 with a specified shelf of the storage bin. Movement may be affected in vertical and horizontal directions simultaneously, so that the platform 20 may fly or move in a diagonal direction adjacent the face of storage rack 11. When platform 20 is aligned at the appropriate bin 12, a shuttle mechanism 22 is driven transversely to rails 8 and mast 4 into the storage bin gap 18 between shelves 16. If a load is on platform 20 as it approaches the designated bin, lugs 24 of the shuttle 22 are in an up, load-engaging position. As shuttle mechanism 22 is driven into the storage rack, lugs 24 which are in the up position drive the load into the rack. As soon as shuttle mechanism 22 approaches an extended position from platform 20, lugs 24 are cammed downward into a loadpassing position in a manner to be described hereinafter, and shuttle 22 is withdrawn into platform 20 with lugs 24 remaining in the down position. Platform 20 is then ready to be relocated adjacent a next-designated station, whereat shuttle mechanism 22 is driven into the station with lugs 24 in the downward position. As the shuttle mechanism 22 approaches the extended position, lugs 24 are cammed to an upward loadengaging position. As the shuttle 22 is withdrawn onto the platform, lugs 24 engage and pull the load onto the platform.

The warehouse system 1 includes a load pickup station 30. The pickup station 30 includes parallel shelves 32 which are spaced from each other leaving a gap 34 therebetween through which shuttle mechanism 22 moves. A control station 36 with buttons 38 programs a main control console, not shown, by designating a bin 12 from which a load is to be picked up for placing on shelves 32, or by designating the locus of a bin 12 to which a load from shelves 32 is to be returned.

FIG. 2 describes the stacker 2 in more detail. Mast assembly 4 is supported by carriage 6, riding on rails 8, which are fixed to floor 9. Platform 20 is selectively driven up and down mast 4 between lower and upper limits of the platform 20 as shown in phantom lines. Shuttle mechanism 22 and lugs 24 move transversely to the plane of the drawing, sliding loads on and off platform 20 between a pair of load guides 26. The latter are provided to insure that a load is centered on the platform 20 or in the appropriate bin 12 in the storage rack 11 as the load is being slid on and off platform 20.

Electrical power is supplied to the stacker by an umbilical cord lying in a specially provided channel on the floor 9. Alternatively, power may be supplied to the stacker via the rails 8 or through a third rail positioned between the rails 8 and preferably below floor level in a manner which is conventional to railway operations.

Control signals are supplied to the stacker 2 by a signal wire 40 which is strung along the storage rack adjacent an upper extremity of mast 4 or which alternatively may be positioned adjacent one of the rails. Signals are picked up from a wire 40 as shown in detail in FIG. 2A. In most assemblies single pickups vibrate when moving across a wire, producing spurious signals or interference. The present signal pickup assembly 42 is designed to be interference free. Assembly 42 is mounted on the stacker 2 for movement along the wire 40 so that the wire 40 passes through the assembly 42. First, second and third brushes, 43, 44 and 45 are arranged in the assembly 42 so that the first brush presses the wire toward the second and

third brushes

44, 45 which are oppositely mounted with respect to the first brush 43. In a conventional manner, springs 46 insure contact of the

brushes

43, 44, 45 with the wire 40. Outputs of the brushes are connected to a common output 48 which carries the signal from the wire 40 to the onboard control unit 50. Lights 52 may be provided in the control unit to indicate mode of operation, stacker location and destination.

Although the stacker 2 is constructed for automatic operation in response to instructions from a computer console at a remote location, the stacker 2 may be driven by an onboard operator. On operators step 54 is spring loaded to an upward position. An operator standing on step 54 causes the step to be depressed, closing a switch similar to a conventional railroad dead man switch. The switch under step 54 operates relays, stopping automatic operation of the stacker and associated automatic control apparatus, and permitting the onboard operator to control the stacker 2 in its vertical, horizontal and transverse movements by manually operating switches 56. Fairings 58 insure against portions of the operator's body protruding in the direction of the storage rack 11. Louvered access door 59 provides access to and cooling for the electric and hydraulic systems.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings, horizontal and vertical driving 13 effected by electric motors which constantly drive hydraulic pumps, the outputs of which are controlled in positive or negative directions or at null positions. Outputs of the pumps are connected through delivery lines, which feed hydraulic motors which in turn drive sprockets and chains connected to the vertical platform drive and to the main horizontal driving wheels.

Upper motor-pump combination 60 provides power to drive platform 20 vertically along mast 4. Electric motor 61, which is directly connected to hydraulic pump 62, drives pump 62 at a constant speed. A stepping control motor 63 drives gear 64, which in a well-known manner controls pump configuration and hence the output of pump 62 through intake and discharge lines 66 and 67. Cams 68 on gear 64 depress telemetering switches 70 which feed back pump status information to onboard control system 50. One switch indicates forward operation; the other switch indicates reverse; depression of both switches indicates a null or no-output condition of the pump 62.

Delivery lines 66 and 67 connect pump 62 to inputs of hydraulic motor 72, which drives reduction gears located in housing 74. Reduction gearing in housing 74 drives sprocket 76 and chain 78, which is connected to sprocket 80 on idler shaft 82. Chain 84 in turn drives sprocket 86 on shaft 88. Another sprocket on shaft 88, similar in size to sprocket 86, drives chain 90 to which platform assembly 20 is attached, for movement of the platform assembly 20 along the mast 4 thereby.

A disc brake assembly 91 is connected to sprocket 76 to positively lock the sprocket at various positions which correspond to desired vertical positions of the platform 20. An umbilical cable harness 92 connects the onboard control unit 50 with an actuator on platform 20. Harness 92 has a yoke 94, which suspends a weight 96 to maintain the cable harness 92 under tension during movement of the platform assembly 20.

The central motor-hydraulic pump system 100 has an electric motor 101 which continually turns hydraulic pump 102. Commercially available stepping motor 103, which has a pulsed rotary output, drives gear 104, which controls the output setting of pump 102. Cams 108 mounted on gear 104 selectively close telemetering switches 110, for indication of the mode of operation of pump 102, that is, forward, reverse or neutral in a manner similar to that described with respect to motor-pump system 60.

Outputs of pump 102 are connected through

delivery lines

106 and 107 to hydraulic motor 112. Hydraulic motor 112 drives reduction gearing in housing 114, which in turn drives sprocket 116. Sprocket 116 drives chain 118, which is connected to sprocket 120 on main drive axle 122.

Main drive axle 122, hydraulic motor 112 and the reduction gearing are mounted on a lever 124, which is pivoted at point 126 to stacker carriage 6. The normal force between a pair of driving wheels 128 and floor 9 is maintained constant at a value dictated by the weight of hydraulic motor 112 and reduction gear 114 and their position on pivoted lever 124, as well as the weight of axle 122, driving wheels 128, chain 118 and related equipment. The center of gravity and hence the applied movement on lever 124 may be adjusted by changing the position of hydraulic motor 112 and reduction gear 114 on lever 124. Thus, the normal force between wheel 128 and floor 9 and, consequently, the frictional force are controlled and maintained constant, regardless of the weight of the stacker, including the mast 4, carriage 6, platform assembly 20, load and related equipment. Driving wheels 128 do not wear the rails 8 with frictional contact. Moreover, the weight of the stacker assembly and its load are born entirely by roller assemblies 130, which support the stacker 2 on parallel rails 8. Alignment of the stacker assembly relative to the rack 11 is consequently, not influenced by wear between driving surfaces.

Roller assemblies 130 which are illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 5 and 6, are provided at each of the four corners of carriage 6. Each assembly comprises a downward opening U- shaped member 132 which is centrally connected to carriage fame 6 by bolt 134. Pin 136 medially spans parallel flanges 138 of the U-shaped member 132. Parallel crosspieces 140 are mounted for rotational movement on pin 136 interiorly of flanges 138, and rollers 142, which are the principle support of the stacker 2, are mounted at opposite ends of crossmembers 140. The interaction of flanges 138, pin 136 and crosspieces 140 distributes the weight on each assembly equally between the two rollers 142.

To insure proper alignment on track 8, wheels constructed of cam followers 144 are connected to extensions 146 on flanges 138, so that the wheels are spaced slightly away from lateral edges of track 8. To insure against lateral or fore and aft tipping of the tall mast assembly, auxiliary rollers 148 are connected to flanges 138 beneath rail 8. Although any form of auxiliary rollers is suitable and economical for use as

wheels

144 and 148 of roller assemblies 130.

Beside disc brake assemblies such as 91 which are connected to driving gears to lock the vertical and horizontal driving apparatus, caliper brakes which engage upper and lower surfaces of the tracks may be mounted on roller assemblies 130 or elsewhere on carriage 6 to be operated to lock stacker 2 on the rails 8 and to prevent horizontal movement when an appropriate location has been reached.

Referring to FIG. 7, a drive mechanism generally referred to by the numeral 150 is provided on platform for driving shuttle 22, lugs 24, and, hence, load 151 away from the platform or back towards the platform once platform 20 has been aligned with an appropriate rack element. Guide wheels 26 align load 151 on platform 20; skate wheels 152 provide friction-free movement of load 151 across platform 20.

As shown with further reference to FIG. 8, motor and reduction gear means 154 drive a pinion gear 156, which in turn drives rack 160. Shafts 162 are mounted transversely and medially in rack 160; those shafts terminate in rollers 164 located in grooved rigid lateral supports 166. Pinions 168 are loosely inounted on shafts 162 so that moving rack 160 with gear 156 moves pinions 168 across a toothed surface of stationary rack 170, which is fixed to the platform assembly 20.

The turning of pinions 168 by moving them across rack 170 causes the pinions to drive second movable rack 172 in the same direction as rack 160. As is conventional in such interleaved rack-and-pinion actuators, rack 172 moves twice the distance of rack 160. Transversely mounted in rack 172 are three shafts 174. Each of these shafts carries rollers 176 which are mounted in corresponding grooves of stationary lateral supports 166 to provide support for rack 172. The central shaft 174 mounts a pinion 178 which meshingly engages the upper teeth of rack 160, turning the pinion and thereby driving a third rack 180 which is directly connected to the shuttle 22.

The construction of rack 180 and its relationship to rack 172 causes an operational change of position of lugs 24 as is more clearly shown with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Rack 180 of shuttle 22 has bolted thereto and spaced from an upper surface thereof, two holddown blocks 182. Spacer blocks 184 and bolts 186 join rack 180 and upper bar 182. Pins 188 are mounted at remote ends of holddown bars 182, and lugs 24 are pivoted on pins 188. Blocks 184 act as guides for the actuator bars 190 which are received in slots 192 of lug actuator bars 190. Pins 194 are mounted in the outer ends of actuator bars 190 and links 196 are connected to those pins. The remote ends of links 1% are connected to pins 198 which are mounted in the lugs 24. When actuator bars 190 are in their outermost position, pins 198 are forced outwardly about pins 188, causing lugs 24 to pivot upwardly about the latter pins. When bars 190 are in their innermost position, pins 198 are pulled forwardly about pin 188, drawing lugs 24 downward to their load-passing position.

The innermost block 184 of each assembly inwardly supports compression spring 200 which bears against inner surface 202 of actuator bar 190, continually urging actuator bar 190 toward an inner, lug-down position. Actuator bar 190 is forced outward by cam 204. Cam 204 pushes against cam followers 206 mounted on pins 208 in the inner ends of actuator bars 190. Cam 204 is rotatably mounted on pins 210 in a position to engage cam followers 206 which are located on the inner ends of actuator bars 190. Cam 204 is mounted on a pintle pin 210 which is fixed centrally on rack 180. A sprocket gear 212 is connected to the pintle pin 210 above cam 204. Sprocket gear 212 and cam 204 are interconnected by a oneway drive mechanism, such as a ratchet 214, so that gear 212 will turn cam 204 only when the sprocket gear 212 is turned in the direction shown by arrows 216.

Turning of sprocket gear 212 is effected when gear 212 moves across teeth 222 in housings 220, which housings are fixed to rack 172 near outer ends thereof. As shown best in FIG. 8, housings 220 are connected on opposite lateral sides of the racks 172 so that gear 212 and cam 204 are turned in the direction of arrows 216 every time racks 172 and are moved to an extreme outward position from the centered position. The relationship of teeth 222 to gear 212 is such as to turn cam 204 one-quarter revolution upon each actuation. Thus, if cam 204 is in the position shown in FIG. 10 with bars forced outward and lugs 24 in the up position, moving carriage 22 to the right, which is withdrawing shuttle 22 toward the centered position on the platform 20, has no effect on cam 204, since that movement moves gear 212 across teeth 222 in a direction causing clockwise rotation of gear 212 with a resulting slippage of the ratchet 214. Therefore, the cam position is undisturbed and the lug position also remains unchanged. That is the mode of operation in which a load is drawn to a centered position on the platform 20. As shuttle 22 is driven to an extreme extended position from platform 20 in either direction, gear 212 is moved across teeth 222 in a manner which turns gear 212 in a direction of arrow 216, causing cam 204 to be rotated 90 from the position shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and allowing bar 190 to be driven inwardly by spring 200, thus, drawing lugs 24 downward to a load-passing position. The position of the lugs 24 is changed, either from a down to an up or from an up to a down position each time shuttle 22 is driven to a maximum displacement from platform 20 in either direction from a centered position.

To insure the correct engagement of 'teeth 222 and gear 214, adjusting screws 224 are provided in housings 220. To insure that cam operation takes place precisely at the end of outward strokes, adjusting screws 226 are provided to longitudinally adjust the position of teeth 222 with respect to rack 172.

As generally shown in FIG. 11, a central computer 230, which controls the entire warehouse operation and which is remote from the stacker-retriever 2, is programmed to control sequential operations of the stacker-retriever 2. Computer 230 has memory devices which store the particular location of the stacker-retriever mast and platform. The computer 230 then signals the stacker-retriever 2 to move the platform to another location and the carrier 22 of the platfonn 20 to cycle to the left or to the right. The instructions from the computer are sent across a control wire 231 in the form of digital pulses which are picked up by pickup brushes 232 described in detail in FIG. 2A. The pickup brushes 232 transfer the digital pulses to a switching device 234. A first coding pulse opens circuit 236 to horizontal counter control circuit 240. The next sequence of pulses passing through the switching device 234 sets the horizontal counter in control circuit 240 to preset the next horizontal position of the stacker 2.

The next series of pulses from computer 230 through line 231 is a coded sequence which closes the switch to the line 236 and which opens a switch to line 238. The next sequence of pulses presets the counter in vertical counter control circuit 242 to determine the vertical location of the platform 20. The next series of pulses is a coded signal which closes the switch to line 238 and opens a switch to line 244 which sets up the carrier drive circuit 246 for a left or right drive sequence.

As soon as a drive signal has been received by stacker drive 246, that information is communicated to the horizontal and vertical

counter control circuits

240 and 242 through

lines

248 and 249. A start signal is generated in the

counter control circuits

240 and 242. Signals are passed through

lines

250 and 252 to start the operation of variable output controls 254 and 256.

Because the mast is very tall, acceleration of its carriage is very significant in that rapid accelerations or decelerations may cause whipping of the mast which produces unwarranted forces in the carriage 6 and rails 8. Acceleration control of the platform 20 is not a critical, but it is important that the platform 20 accelerate and decelerate at a controlled rate. it is especially important that platform 20 neither downwardly accelerate nor upwardly decelerate at speeds sufficient to allow the loads to float.

In a preferred form of the invention, variable output controls 254 and 256 are very slow-speed motors with a predetermined output speed that are movable slowly between predetermined maximum angular displacements and which are stoppable at those displacements and at a zero point between the two maximums. Stopping may be controlled by position switches such as the telemetering switches shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and schematically designated in FIG. 11 as direction-telemetering devices 258 and 259.

Variable output controls 254 and 256 change the positions of swashplates 258 and 259 in

variable displacement pumps

260 and 262 which are continuously driven by

electric motors

264 and 268. According to the setting of swashplate 258, pump 260 supplies hydraulic fluid under pressure in

lines

270 and 272 to drive hydraulic motor 274. The motor in turn operates the horizontal drive 276 which moves mast carriage 278 (6 in FIG. 1) along the tracks. Horizontal transducer 280 produce pulses which are delivered to horizontal counter control circuit 240 to step the counter toward the zero point. Direction-telemetering device 258 has an input to counter 240 so that pulses produced by the rotary transducer 280 are added or subtracted from the counter as appropriate from the desired direction of travel. Alternatively, the rotary transducer may produce pulses differentiated according to direction which are distinguishable by the counter. As the counter approaches the zero point, at some predetermined time, a slow or stop signal is provided in line 250 to variable output control 254. The latter decreases the angle of the swashplate and finally places the swashplate in a zero output position. When the zero output position is noted by the direction-telemetering equipment 258, current is provided to null leakage control 282 to open valve 284 so that no pressure differential is provided to motor 274. In addition to being a solenoid valve, valve 284 may be a high-pressure release valve so that high-pressure differential between

lines

270 and 272 is relieved. When the appropriate point is reached, disc brake 286 is set, locking horizontal drive 276. Additionally, caliper brakes not shown may be clamped on the rail. Should the device overrun the zero setting, the circuit automatically employs the overrun in the counter to correct the position back to zero. v

Concurrently with the mast being set at the proper position, the platform 20 is set at the proper vertical position by operating the hydraulic motor 290 until the vertical rotary transducer 292 has produced sufiicient pulses to return vertical counter 242 to its zero setting. When both horizontal counters and vertical counters have achieved their zero settings, signals are provided through

lines

294 and 296 to enable carrier drive 246 to perform its preprogrammed left or right cycle. Upon cycling, the shuttle 22 automatically picks up or discharges a load, depending only upon the physical position of lugs 24 when the shuttle 22 is driven into its maximum position or displacement from the platform 20.

While the horizontal and vertical positioning is being affected, switching device 234, is receiving the next pulse train for programming the next movement of the stacker-retriever. As soon as carrier drive 246 has been cycled, a signal is given through line 298 to begin the next stacker sequence.

As can be seen from the remainder of the schematic diagram, the power and control train of the vertical drive for the platform is similar to the power and control train for the horizontal drive of the mast carriage. Shuttle drive is affected by a reversible electrical motor which drives in a first direction to a maximum point controlled by limit switches on the shuttle 22 or accumulative angular displacement switch on the motor drive shaft and then drives in the other direction a similar amount so that the carrier is centered on the platform after cycling. The vertical and horizontal drive circuits can become affected only when the shuttle 22 is centered on the platform 20 due to interlocking of the controls in a known manner. Because of the interlocking controls, the shuttle drive may be operated only when the vertical and horizontal counters are stationary at a predetermined reading. Primarily three operating instructions are provided to the stacker-retriever 2 by the computer 230. The horizontal counter and the vertical counter are reset away from zero according to the respective horizontal and vertical components of the distance to he traveled from the present location to the next location of the stacker-retrievers platform. Additionally, the computer 230 instructs the shuttle 22 by presetting circuits for shuttle cycling to the right or to the left of the platform 20. When these three instructions have been provided, a go signal is generated, the horizontal and vertical drives operate concurrently for as long as necessary, accelerating and then decelerating as the respective counters approach zero. As soon as both counters are on zero for a brief predetermined time delay to insure against overrun, the carrier 22 is cycled with respect to the platform 20. The delivery or retrieval mode of operation of the shuttle lugs 24 is not controlled by the computer. The delivery or retrieval mode of the shuttle lugs 24 is simply a mechanical function which automatically changes the position of the lugs 24 upon extreme displacement of the shuttle 22 from the platform 20 as was previously described in detail.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

We claim:

I. Stacker-retriever apparatus for moving goods in a warehousing system comprising:

a mast,

a carriage supporting the mast,

a platform on the mast,

driving means connected to a source of power, the mast,

and the platform for moving the mast horizontally and for moving the platform along the mast,

a shuttle on the platform,

transverse propelling means connected to a source of power, the platform and the shuttle for moving the shuttle toward and away from the platform,

lugs on the shuttle movable between upper load-engaging and lower load-passing positions,

lug control means connected to the shuttle and lugs for controlling position of the lugs, and directional movement responsive means connected to the lug control means for changing the position of the lug control means and the lugs upon completion of each outward movement of the shuttle with respect to the platform. 2. The stacker-retriever apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the shuttle is elongated, wherein the lugs are pivoted at opposite longitudinal extremities of the shuttle, and wherein the lug control means comprises:

lug control bars longitudinally slideably mounted on the shuttle and centrally spaced from each other, and outwardly connected to the lugs,

tooth means on the shuttle,

complementary tooth means on the platform, for interengaging the shuttle tooth' means as the shuttle approaches maximum displacement from the platform,

whereby movement of the load support means to an extended position results in rotation of the rotatable drive member, said rotation in one direction resulting in a camming of the slide bar to a second position whereat the spring means connected to the shuttle and to the control 5 l mb r i pivotally moved from an inoperative posibars for urging inner ends of the control bars into contact tion to an operative position. with the cam means, whereby the tooth means and one- 5. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: way drive means move the cam means each time the shuta ma t, tle approaches a maximum displacement from the platacarriage supporting the mast, form, thereby moving the control bar means and thereby to a l tfo on th mast, moving the lugs each time the shuttle is driven to a max d i i means f moving the mast horizontally and for imum displacement from the platform, whereby lugs moving h latform along h mast, which are in upper load-engaging Position for P g a a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse load are moved to a lowered load'passihg Position for to the direction of travel of the platform along the mast, Passing a load when the shuttle is in maximum displacesaid shuttle including load support means movable ment, whereby the lugs and shuttle are returned to the therewith,

Platform with the lugs in a downward Position, and a slide mechanism, operatively associated with said load whereby the Shuttle is next moved from the Platform with support means and slidably movable with respect thereto, the lugs in lowered Position, and whereby maximum including load engageable means having an operative and Placement of the Shuttle forces the h1g5 to an pp load an inoperative position and being responsive to moveengaging position, whereby withdrawal of the shuttle with mem of Said load Support means to an extended position the lugs in an upward Position draws the load to the P for alternately positioning said load engageable means in forman operative and an inoperative position, said platform in- 3. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: eluding;

a t a frame member a carnage Suppomng the mast a source of rotary power on the frame member,

a h h the mast I a first movable element mounted on the frame member for drwmg means for movmg the mast honzomally and for movement with respect thereto and adapted to be driven moving the platform along the mast, by the rotary power Source,

a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse a pinion rotatably mounted on the first movable element to the direction of travel of the platform along the mast, and adapted to be rotatably driven by engagemem with said shuttle including load support means movable the frame member, therewlth a second movable element mounted on the frame member a slide mechanism, operatively associated with said load for movement with respect thereto and adapted to be support means and slidably movable with respect thereto, driven by the pinion,

shde mechailsm mcludmg load eqgageable means said load-engaging means being pivotally secured to the havmg. an loadfngagmg Posmon and an second movable element for movement therewith,

operanve 9 and a cam rotatably mounted on the second movable element means automatically responslve to pi of s'fud 2 40 and operatively associated with the load-engaging means slippon t to an extended 5 9 movmg Sand for pivoting the load-engaging means with respect to the slide mechanism to alternately position said load engagesecond movable element 7 able means in the operative and the inoperative positions. d h I t d th 4. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: a one way nve.mec anism opera we y assoma e e a mast cam for effecting rotation thereof,

acamage pp g the mast, a rotatable drive element operatively associated with the aplatform on the mast one-way drive mechanism for effecting rotation of the driving means for moving the mast horizontally and for one wa.y dnve.mechamsmand moving the platform along the mast an actuating device affixed to the first movable element and a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse 5Q adapied to engage h rotatawefdnve element and cause to the direction of t r av e1 of the platform 81 ong the mast rotation thereof during a portion of the movement of the said shuttle including load support means movable Second movable therewith whereby the load-engaging means is caused to be pivoted a slide mechanism including a slide bar operatively asrespect to the secfmd movabl? element sociated with Said load Support means and capable of 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the platform further limited forced sliding movement with respect thereto, compnses:

spring means biasing the slide bar to a first position with a frame member fixed agamst honzomal movement respect to the load support means, respect to the mast and a cam follower associated with the slide bar at one end a load transport table, stationary with respect to the frame thereof and operatively associated therewith, the table being a configured cam mechanism rotatably mounted on the load support means and movable therewith, the cam mechanism being operatively engaged by the cam follower,

includes load guide means mounted thereon for aligning said load as the load is moved therefrom or thereonto by the loadsupporting means.

a one-way drive mechanism operatively associated with the cam mechanism, a rotatable drive member mounted on the load support means and operatively associated with the one-way drive mechanism,

8. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: a mast,

means responsive to extension of said load support means 7 acarriage supporting the mast,

for rotating said rotatable drive member, and a platform on the mast,

load-engaging means comprising a lug member pivotally driving means for moving the mast horizontally and for mounted to the load support means, a link pivotally atmoving the platform along the mast, tached at one end to the lug member and pivotally ata shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse tached at the other end thereof to the slide bar, to the direction of travel of the platform alongthe mast,

said shuttle including load support means movable therewith,

a slide mechanism, operatively associated with said load support means and slidably movable with respect thereto, including load engageable means having an operative and an inoperative position and being responsive to movement of said load support means to an extended position for alternately positioning said load engageable: means in an operative and an inoperative position, said platform including;

a frame member,

a source of rotary power,

a first movable element mounted on the frame member for movement relative thereto and driven by the source of rotary power,

a first pinion rotatably mounted on the first movable element and operably associated with the frame member to be driven thereby,

a second movable element mounted on the first movable element for movement relative thereto in operative association with the first pinion to be driven thereby,

a second pinion rotatably mounted on the second movable element and operably associated with the first movable element to be rotatably driven thereby,

a third movable element mounted on the second movable element for movement relative thereto and in operative association with the second pinion to be driven thereby,

said load-engaging means being pivotally mounted on the third movable element for movement between a first operative position and a second inoperative position,

a cam rotatably mounted on the third movable element and operatively associated with the load-engaging means for effecting pivotal movement thereof from an operative position to an inoperative position,

a one-way drive mechanism rotatably mounted on the third movable element and operatively associated with the cam for effecting rotation thereof,

a drive element operatively associated with the one-way drive mechanism, and

an actuator member mounted on the second movable element and operable, during a portion of the third movable element, to effect movement of the drive member and thereby effect a change in the pivotal position of the loadengaging means.

Claims

1. Stacker-retriever apparatus for moving goods in a warehousing system comprising: a mast, a carriage supporting the mast, a platform on the mast, driving means connected to a source of power, the mast, and the platform for moving the mast horizontally and for moving the platform along the mast, a shuttle on the platform, transverse propelling means connected to a source of power, the platform and the shuttle for moving the shuttle toward and away from the platform, lugs on the shuttle movable between upper load-engaging and lower load-passing positions, lug control means connected to the shuttle and lugs for controlling position of the lugs, and directional movement responsive means connected to the lug control means for changing the position of the lug control means and the lugs upon completion of each outward movement of the shuttle with respect to the platform.

2. The stacker-retriever apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the shuttle is elongated, wherein the lugs are pivoted at opposite longitudinal extremities of the shuttle, and wherein the lug control means comprises: lug control bars longitudinally slideably mounted on the shuttle and centrally spaced from each other, and outwardly connected to the lugs, tooth means on the shuttle, complementary tooth means on the platform, for interengaging the shuttle tooth means as the shuttle approaches maximum displacement from the platform, one-way drive means connected to the tooth means, cam means connected to the one-way drive means and mounted on the shuttle between the longitudinally spaced control bars, spring means connected to the shuttle and to the control bars for urging inner ends of the control bars into contact with the cam means, whereby the tooth means and one-way drive means move the cam means each time the shuttle approaches a maximum displacement from the platform, thereby moving the control bar means and thereby moving the lugs each time the shuttle is driven to a maximum displacement from the platform, whereby lugs which are in upper load-engaging position for pushing a load are moved to a lowered load-passing position for passing a load when the shuttle is in maximum displacement, whereby the lugs and shuttle are returned to the platform with the lugs in a downward position, and whereby the shuttle is next moved from the platform with the lugs in lowered position, and whereby maximum displacement of the shuttle forces the lugs to an upper load-engaging position, whereby withdrawal of the shuttle with the lugs in an upward position draws the load to the platform.

3. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprisinG: a mast, a carriage supporting the mast, a platform on the mast, driving means for moving the mast horizontally and for moving the platform along the mast, a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse to the direction of travel of the platform along the mast, said shuttle including load support means movable therewith, a slide mechanism, operatively associated with said load support means and slidably movable with respect thereto, said slide mechanism including load engageable means having an operative load-engaging position and an inoperative load-passing position, and means automatically responsive to movement of said load support means to an extended position for moving said slide mechanism to alternately position said load engageable means in the operative and the inoperative positions.

4. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: a mast, a carriage supporting the mast, a platform on the mast, driving means for moving the mast horizontally and for moving the platform along the mast, a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse to the direction of travel of the platform along the mast, said shuttle including load support means movable therewith, a slide mechanism including a slide bar operatively associated with said load support means and capable of limited forced sliding movement with respect thereto, spring means biasing the slide bar to a first position with respect to the load support means, a cam follower associated with the slide bar at one end thereof, a configured cam mechanism rotatably mounted on the load support means and movable therewith, the cam mechanism being operatively engaged by the cam follower, a one-way drive mechanism operatively associated with the cam mechanism, a rotatable drive member mounted on the load support means and operatively associated with the one-way drive mechanism, means responsive to extension of said load support means for rotating said rotatable drive member, and load-engaging means comprising a lug member pivotally mounted to the load support means, a link pivotally attached at one end to the lug member and pivotally attached at the other end thereof to the slide bar, whereby movement of the load support means to an extended position results in rotation of the rotatable drive member, said rotation in one direction resulting in a camming of the slide bar to a second position whereat the lug member is pivotally moved from an inoperative position to an operative position.

5. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: a mast, a carriage supporting the mast, a platform on the mast, driving means for moving the mast horizontally and for moving the platform along the mast, a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse to the direction of travel of the platform along the mast, said shuttle including load support means movable therewith, a slide mechanism, operatively associated with said load support means and slidably movable with respect thereto, including load engageable means having an operative and an inoperative position and being responsive to movement of said load support means to an extended position for alternately positioning said load engageable means in an operative and an inoperative position, said platform including; a frame member a source of rotary power on the frame member, a first movable element mounted on the frame member for movement with respect thereto and adapted to be driven by the rotary power source, a pinion rotatably mounted on the first movable element and adapted to be rotatably driven by engagement with the frame member, a second movable element mounted on the frame member for movement with respect thereto and adapted to be driven by the pinion, said load-engaging means being pivotally secured to the second movable element for movement therewith, a cam rotatably mounted on the second movable element and operatively associated with the load-engaging means for pivoting the load-engaging means with respect to the second movable element, a one-way drive mechanism operatively associated with the cam for effecting rotation thereof, a rotatable drive element operatively associated with the one-way drive mechanism for effecting rotation of the one-way drive mechanism, and an actuating device affixed to the first movable element and adapted to engage the rotatable drive element and cause rotation thereof during a portion of the movement of the second movable element, whereby the load-engaging means is caused to be pivoted with respect to the second movable element.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the platform further comprises: a frame member fixed against horizontal movement with respect to the mast, and a load transport table, stationary with respect to the frame and operatively associated therewith, the table being positioned in the path of movement of the load-supporting means so that a load may be moved therefrom or thereonto by the load-supporting means.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the load transport table includes load guide means mounted thereon for aligning said load as the load is moved therefrom or thereonto by the load-supporting means.

8. A stacker-retriever apparatus comprising: a mast, a carriage supporting the mast, a platform on the mast, driving means for moving the mast horizontally and for moving the platform along the mast, a shuttle mounted on the platform for movement transverse to the direction of travel of the platform along the mast, said shuttle including load support means movable therewith, a slide mechanism, operatively associated with said load support means and slidably movable with respect thereto, including load engageable means having an operative and an inoperative position and being responsive to movement of said load support means to an extended position for alternately positioning said load engageable means in an operative and an inoperative position, said platform including; a frame member, a source of rotary power, a first movable element mounted on the frame member for movement relative thereto and driven by the source of rotary power, a first pinion rotatably mounted on the first movable element and operably associated with the frame member to be driven thereby, a second movable element mounted on the first movable element for movement relative thereto in operative association with the first pinion to be driven thereby, a second pinion rotatably mounted on the second movable element and operably associated with the first movable element to be rotatably driven thereby, a third movable element mounted on the second movable element for movement relative thereto and in operative association with the second pinion to be driven thereby, said load-engaging means being pivotally mounted on the third movable element for movement between a first operative position and a second inoperative position, a cam rotatably mounted on the third movable element and operatively associated with the load-engaging means for effecting pivotal movement thereof from an operative position to an inoperative position, a one-way drive mechanism rotatably mounted on the third movable element and operatively associated with the cam for effecting rotation thereof, a drive element operatively associated with the one-way drive mechanism, and an actuator member mounted on the second movable element and operable, during a portion of the third movable element, to effect movement of the drive member and thereby effect a change in the pivotal position of the load-engaging means.