US3629551A - Controlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current - Google Patents

Controlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current Download PDF

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Publication number
US3629551A
US3629551A US868521A US3629551DA US3629551A US 3629551 A US3629551 A US 3629551A US 868521 A US868521 A US 868521A US 3629551D A US3629551D A US 3629551DA US 3629551 A US3629551 A US 3629551A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ferromagnetic pipe
pipe
heat
ferromagnetic
conductor line
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Expired - Lifetime
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US868521A
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English (en)
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Masao Ando
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JNC Corp
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Chisso Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/34—Heating of pipes or pipe systems using electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, e.g. induction, dielectric or microwave heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • This invention relates to a method for controlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe. More particularly this invention relates to a method for controlling heat generation locally according to the demand of a to-be-heated body, in a heat-generating pipe which utilizes skin-effect current and comprises as a heat-generating body, of a ferromagnetic pipe to which electricity is supplied from one source.
  • the heat-generating pipes utilizing skin-effect current in which the method of the present invention is applied are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,293,407 or U.S. Pat. No. 3,515,837.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the constructions and wirings of two heat-generating pipes based upon different principles
  • FIG. 3 is one embodiment of the present invention hereinafter fully explained.
  • FIG. I shows the construction and wiring of the heatgenerating pipe disclosed in the above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,293,407.
  • l is a ferromagnetic pipe
  • 2 is an insulated conductor line which enters the ferromagnetic pipe from one end 3 and is connected to the other end 4 after passed therethrough
  • 5 is a conductor line connected to the above-mentioned one end 3 of the ferromagnetic pipe.
  • the other ends of the above-mentioned conductor lines 2 and 5 are connected to two terminals of an AC source 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows a construction of another heat-generating pipe disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,515,837.
  • l and l' are two ferromagnetic pipes.
  • An insulated conductor line 2 is passed through the pipes 1 and l successively as shown in FIG. 2 and both ends of it are connected to different terminals of an AC source 6.
  • the left ends 3 and 3' of the ferromagnetic pipes l and l and the right ends 4 and 4 of the same pipes l and l are connected, respectively, with conductor lines 7 and 7' (e.g., electric wire).
  • conductor lines 7 and 7' e.g., electric wire
  • V P/l -f wherein p is the resistivity of ferromagnetic material constructing the pipe ((1 cm.), 1. is the permeability of the same material and f is the frequency of AC (Hz.
  • a depth s of a surface skin in the equation I is to be illustrated by a concrete example, it is only 0.] cm. in the case where a commercial steel pipe is used as a ferromagnetic pipe and the frequency of a current supplied to a heat-generating pipe is 50 or 60 Hz. Accordingly, a steel pipe having a thickness of more than 0.2 cm. can be used as the ferromagnetic pipe of a heat-generating pipe of this kind and there is no need of special precaution to the material of heat-generating pipes and current to be supplied.
  • heat-generating pipes having constructions shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are those applied to single-phase circuits, the application of these heat-generating pipes to threephase circuits will be easy for a person having an ordinary skill in the art.
  • the heat generated in the insulated conductor line is con ducted mainly by a medium between the conductor line and the ferromagnetic pipe.
  • a medium is usually air but a better heat conductor such as water, oils and other liquid madium may be used.
  • the use of such a liquid medium renders the allowable current of the conductor line about three times as large as that of gaseous medium, e.g., air. Thence the use of liquid medium is economical particularly in case of high-capacity heat-generating pipe.
  • Such an object can be attained by the method of the present invention which is characterized by changing one or more factors of those consisting of the cross-sectional area of the conductor line, the resistivity of the same, the resistivity of ferromagnetic pipe, the permeability of the same and inside diameter of the same to locally control heat quantity generated in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current and consisting of a ferromagnetic pipe and an insulated conductor line installed therethrough wherein an AC flows through concentratedly only in the inner skin region thereof, and the strength and frequency of electric current flowing through the insulated conductor line and the heat-generating pipe are constant.
  • current i and frequency f of AC are constant in each part of the heat-generating pipe and cannot be changed, but l resistivity p and (2) permeability p.
  • a ferromagnetic pipe can be changed by changing the material of the ferromagnetic pipe, (3) diameter of a ferromagnetic pipe can be selected arbitrarily even when the pipe is of the same material and (4) resistivity (R of an insulated conductor line can be varied by arbitrarily selecting a material and/or diameter of the conductor line.
  • resistivity R of an insulated conductor line can be varied by arbitrarily selecting a material and/or diameter of the conductor line.
  • FIG. 3 is a fluid-transporting pipe one portion of which is installed above the ground and another portion of which is installed underground. 10 shows soil and sand.
  • the portion installed in .the underground requires a lesser amount of heat compared with the portion exposed to the air in order to maintain the temperature.
  • it is possible to minimize the change of the fluid temperature in a transportation pipe even with a constant supply of heat per unit length by using, as a relatively good lagging layer ll for the underground portion, and an insulating material of either reduced efficiency or reduced thickness for the portion above the ground.
  • l and l are ferromagnetic pipes installed in a transportation pipe 9. At a junction point 12, they are connected by welding.
  • 2 and 2' are conductor lines passing through the ferromagnetic pipes l, l.
  • the one end of the conductor line 2 is connected to one terminal of AC source 6 as indicated by a broken line, and the other end of which is connected to a conductor line 2' through the junction point 13, and the conductor line 2' is connected to one end of ferromagnetic pipe 4 after passing through the ferromagnetic pipe 1'.
  • one end 3 of the ferromagnetic pipe 1 is connected to the other terminal of AC source 6 by a conductor line 5 as indicated by a broken line and thus a heatgenerating pipe is constructed.
  • connection box 14 is a connection. box attached to the heat-generating pipe. lf kinds of insulated conductor lines are changed in one heat-generating pipe as in this example or if a heat-generating pipe is long or has many bends, the connection box is convenient for the construction and management of the heat-generating pipe.
  • a material having a greater resistivity and/or permeability than that for the pipe 1' lying in the underground may be used for a ferromagnetic pipe I of a heatgenerating pipe lying above the ground, or if the same material is used, the diameter of the pipe 1' may be reduced, or the material or cross-sectional area of each insulated conductor line is selected in such a way that the resistance of the line 2 is greater than that of the line 2'.
  • the foregoing description is almost exclusively directed to the case of application in pipe lines but the method of the present invention can be also applied widely and effectively to the heating for temperature maintenance, prevention of freezing or melting of snow for walls of constructions, floors, rooves, road surfaces runways for aircraft, surface grounds of rail ways or tracks, bridges and power transmission lines, and to the heating or temperature maintenance of tanks wherein temperature reduction is undesirable.
  • said ferromagnetic pipe being composed of at least two segments of differing heat-generating capacity
  • At least one of the segments of said ferromagnetic pipe being constructed so that it has at least one of the aforesaid heat-generating factors which is different from the corresponding heat-generating factor of another segment of the ferromagnetic pipe.
  • heat-generating apparatus comprising a length of ferromagnetic pipe, a first length of an electrical conductor line disposed within said ferromagnetic pipe but insulated therefrom, and electrical and power connections such that upon the passage of alternating voltage through said first length of electrical conductor line there is a concentrated flow of current along the inner skin of the ferromagnetic pipe to thereby generate heat in said ferromagnetic pipe, improvement which comprises said ferromagnetic pipe having at least one segment wherein the permeability of the ferromagnetic pipe differs from that of at least one other segment of the ferromagnetic pipe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
US868521A 1968-10-29 1969-10-22 Controlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current Expired - Lifetime US3629551A (en)

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JP7873568 1968-10-29

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US3629551A true US3629551A (en) 1971-12-21

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US (1) US3629551A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1954458B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2021838A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1251095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983360A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-09-28 Chevron Research Company Means for sectionally increasing the heat output in a heat-generating pipe
US4110599A (en) * 1974-11-04 1978-08-29 Chevron Research Company Method and means for decreasing the heat output of a segment of a heat generating pipe
US4132884A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-01-02 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4408117A (en) * 1980-05-28 1983-10-04 Yurkanin Robert M Impedance heating system with skin effect particularly for railroad tank cars
US4456186A (en) * 1981-03-09 1984-06-26 Chisso Engineering Co. Ltd. Electrically heated reactor for high temperature and pressure chemical reactions
WO1984004698A1 (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-12-06 Metcal Inc Self-regulating porous heater device
US5182792A (en) * 1990-08-28 1993-01-26 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Process of electric pipeline heating utilizing heating elements inserted in pipelines
WO2003040474A1 (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-05-15 Chun Joong H High-traction anti-icing roadway cover system
US20040140096A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-07-22 Sandberg Chester Ledlie Insulated conductor temperature limited heaters
US20060137864A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2006-06-29 Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh & Co. Kg Pipe section for a pipe coil
US7225866B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2007-06-05 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation using a pattern of heat sources
US20070137857A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2007-06-21 Vinegar Harold J Low temperature monitoring system for subsurface barriers
US20070209799A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2007-09-13 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
US7320364B2 (en) 2004-04-23 2008-01-22 Shell Oil Company Inhibiting reflux in a heated well of an in situ conversion system
US7533719B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2009-05-19 Shell Oil Company Wellhead with non-ferromagnetic materials
US7540324B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2009-06-02 Shell Oil Company Heating hydrocarbon containing formations in a checkerboard pattern staged process
US7549470B2 (en) 2005-10-24 2009-06-23 Shell Oil Company Solution mining and heating by oxidation for treating hydrocarbon containing formations
US20090214196A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Jarle Jansen Bremnes High efficiency direct electric heating system
US7640980B2 (en) 2003-04-24 2010-01-05 Shell Oil Company Thermal processes for subsurface formations
US20100147521A1 (en) * 2008-10-13 2010-06-17 Xueying Xie Perforated electrical conductors for treating subsurface formations
US7798221B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2010-09-21 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
US7798220B2 (en) 2007-04-20 2010-09-21 Shell Oil Company In situ heat treatment of a tar sands formation after drive process treatment
US7831133B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2010-11-09 Shell Oil Company Insulated conductor temperature limited heater for subsurface heating coupled in a three-phase WYE configuration
US7866386B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2011-01-11 Shell Oil Company In situ oxidation of subsurface formations
US20110124228A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-05-26 John Matthew Coles Compacted coupling joint for coupling insulated conductors
US20110134958A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-06-09 Dhruv Arora Methods for assessing a temperature in a subsurface formation
US20110132661A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2011-06-09 Patrick Silas Harmason Parallelogram coupling joint for coupling insulated conductors
US8151907B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2012-04-10 Shell Oil Company Dual motor systems and non-rotating sensors for use in developing wellbores in subsurface formations
US8327932B2 (en) 2009-04-10 2012-12-11 Shell Oil Company Recovering energy from a subsurface formation
US8485256B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2013-07-16 Shell Oil Company Variable thickness insulated conductors
US8586866B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2013-11-19 Shell Oil Company Hydroformed splice for insulated conductors
US8631866B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-01-21 Shell Oil Company Leak detection in circulated fluid systems for heating subsurface formations
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US8857051B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2014-10-14 Shell Oil Company System and method for coupling lead-in conductor to insulated conductor
US8939207B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2015-01-27 Shell Oil Company Insulated conductor heaters with semiconductor layers
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Cited By (196)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4110599A (en) * 1974-11-04 1978-08-29 Chevron Research Company Method and means for decreasing the heat output of a segment of a heat generating pipe
US3983360A (en) * 1974-11-27 1976-09-28 Chevron Research Company Means for sectionally increasing the heat output in a heat-generating pipe
US4132884A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-01-02 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4142093A (en) * 1976-02-05 1979-02-27 Chevron Research Company Method and means for segmentally reducing heat output in a heat-tracing pipe
US4408117A (en) * 1980-05-28 1983-10-04 Yurkanin Robert M Impedance heating system with skin effect particularly for railroad tank cars
US4456186A (en) * 1981-03-09 1984-06-26 Chisso Engineering Co. Ltd. Electrically heated reactor for high temperature and pressure chemical reactions
WO1984004698A1 (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-12-06 Metcal Inc Self-regulating porous heater device
US5182792A (en) * 1990-08-28 1993-01-26 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Process of electric pipeline heating utilizing heating elements inserted in pipelines
US8789586B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2014-07-29 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
US8485252B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2013-07-16 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
US7798221B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2010-09-21 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
US8225866B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2012-07-24 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
US8608249B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2013-12-17 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation
US7225866B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2007-06-05 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation using a pattern of heat sources
US7735935B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2010-06-15 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation containing carbonate minerals
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US8238730B2 (en) 2002-10-24 2012-08-07 Shell Oil Company High voltage temperature limited heaters
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US20040177966A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-09-16 Vinegar Harold J. Conductor-in-conduit temperature limited heaters
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GB1251095A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-27
FR2021838A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-24
DE1954458B2 (de) 1971-07-29
DE1954458A1 (de) 1970-05-14

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