US3626241A - Gray scale gaseous display - Google Patents

Gray scale gaseous display Download PDF

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Publication number
US3626241A
US3626241A US887994A US3626241DA US3626241A US 3626241 A US3626241 A US 3626241A US 887994 A US887994 A US 887994A US 3626241D A US3626241D A US 3626241DA US 3626241 A US3626241 A US 3626241A
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display
cells
conductors
attenuating
stack
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US887994A
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English (en)
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Dinh-Tuan Ngo
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
    • H01J17/49—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current
    • H01J17/492—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current with crossed electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/12—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by switched stationary formation of lamps, photocells or light relays
    • H04N3/125—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by switched stationary formation of lamps, photocells or light relays using gas discharges, e.g. plasma

Definitions

  • Display devices are typically used for generating patterns of information or images in a two-dimensional raster for information display media, television, radar, computer input/output terminals, and the like.
  • the principal types of display devices currently available include cathode-ray tube presentations, which suffer from well-known disadvantages related to size, cost, ruggedness and power requirements. The need for a display device which would overcome these disadvantages has been apparent for some time and considerable effort has been expended toward achieving such a display device.
  • Plasma displays are digitally addressable and have inherent memory, the latter eliminating the need for external memory storage and associated circuitry to regenerate the display image.
  • Time division multiplexing arrangements have been proposed for providing such displays with the required gray scale by varying the duty cycle; that is, by energizing the individual display cell elements for varying durations during each scanning frame.
  • Such known arrangements have so far proven to be too costly and complex from a manufacturing standpoint.
  • a conventional gaseous display device such as a plasma display device, typically comprises a coordinate array of crosspoint display cells defined by row and column conductors which are spaced apart by first and second layers of dielectric material having a layer of gaseous display material disposed therebetween.
  • a gray scale gaseous display arrangement by stacking a plurality of conventional gaseous display devices separated by respective light-attenuating layers. Each successive light-attenuating layer in the stack attenuates the light reaching the viewing surface by a predetermined amount, illustratively by a factor of two.
  • the light reaching the viewing surface from the second display device level in the stack isattenuated by a factor of two, from the third by a factor of four, from the fourth by a factor of eight, etc.
  • a 2" level gray scale is achieved in accordance with my invention with a stack ofn display devices.
  • a 64-Ievel gray scale which is more than adequate for commercial television applications, is provided by an arrangement of six gaseous display device levels and five light attenuating layers interleaved therewith, having a combined thickness on the order of one-tenth inch or less.
  • An important advantage ofagray scale gaseousdisplay arrangement in accordance with my invention is that addressing may be effected via a single conventional addressing circuit employed in common for all display device levels, with each bit of an n-bit gray scale codeword determining the ON-OFF character of the respective display levels.
  • an arrangement according to my invention is compact and reliable, is significantly less expensive to manufacture, than known arrangements, and provides better'resolution than arrangements using cell clusters.
  • my invention is particularly suited to color television applications by appropriate selection of display gases or by the use of appropriate filters between the display levels.
  • FIG. l- is'a diagram of an illustrative embodiment of-a gaseous display arrangement providing a multilevel gray scale in accordance with the principles of my invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a portion of the display embodiment of FIG. 1 in cross section
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of a typical voltage-current characteristic for electric discharge across a display cell
  • FIG. 4 is an alternative illustrative embodiment of a display according to my invention.
  • FIG. 5 is another alternative illustrative embodiment of a display according to my invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of illustrative display arrangement 1 showingportions of the control circuitry therefor in greater a detail
  • FIG. 7 is a time chartuseful in describing the operation of my invention.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing an illustrative plasma display embodiment of the invention is shown comprising a stack of conventional plasma display devices 101, l02'and 103, separated "by respective light-attenuating layers 121 and 122, for
  • the three display devices 101, 102 and 103 each comprise an 11x14 coordinate array of I54 crosspoint display cells, the display cells of each device being substantiallyin registration with the corresponding display cells of the other display devices in the stack.
  • the display cells may be employed individually or in comlbinationin any form of array desired for particular display applications.
  • the display cells may be arranged in'a spiral row or in concentric circles for radar display applications.
  • the cross-point display cells of each display device in FIG. 1 aredefmed by respective sets of rowand column conductors, such as row conductors Rll Rlll and column conductors 'C'lI-CIS of device 101, which are spaced apart by dielectric material layers,'such as layers 51 and 52.
  • Dielectric material layers SI and 52 are in turn, spaced apart such as by spacers 55, and a substantially uniform continuous layer of gaseous display material 53 is disposed between dielectric layers 51 and 52.
  • Suitable gaseous display materials are well known in the art and may comprise, for example, one or more of the inert gases or mixtures of these gases with other gases.
  • the dielectric mat'eriaL-such as layers 51 and 52 may comprise plates of glass, plastic or other similar transparent material, each illustratively on the order of 5 mils or so in thickness and spaced apart a like distance by spacers 55.
  • the row and column conductors may comprise transparent metal or metal oxide conducting strips, for example, vapor-deposited on the respective dielectric material layers.
  • the row and column conductors may be on the order of 15 mils wide and spaced apart on the order of mils on the respective dielectric material layers.
  • FIG. 2 A cross section of a portion of the display arrangement of FIG. 1 is depicted in FIG. 2 showing, by way of example, the eight cross-point display cells of device 101 defined by column conductor C14 and row conductors R12-R19. Similarly, the corresponding eight cells of device 102 defined by column conductor C24 and row conductors R22-R29, and the corresponding eight cells of device 103 defined by column conductor C34 and row conductors R32-R39, are shown in FIG. 2.
  • Display devices 101, 102 and 103 each utilize the mechanism of electrical discharge breakdown of the gaseous display material to the light-emitting plasma at selected cross-point display cells for generating images.
  • a cross-point display cell such as the cell defined by row conductor R12 and column conductor C14 of device 101
  • V a breakdown magnitude V determined by the pressure-distance characteristic of the particular gaseous display material employed
  • the gas in the cross-point region 220 breaks down and provides a light-emitting discharge of low current density.
  • a typical voltage-current characteristic for such breakdown of a gas is shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 when voltage of increasing magnitude is applied across the display cell, very little current flows until the breakdown voltage V is reached. At this point, the cell breaks down in a so-called Townsend discharge characterized electrically by a substantially constant low current density.
  • an alternating current sustaining signal voltage provided by source 20 which may be either sinusoidal or pulsed, is extended by control circuit 80 across each display cell of devices 101, 102 and 103 via the row and column conductors.
  • the sustaining signal voltage extended by source 20 across each display cell is of a magnitude less than the breakdown voltage level V,,.
  • the sustaining signal voltage may be on the order of one-half the breakdown voltage level.
  • Addressing of a selected display cell of a particular display device in the stack is effected via address circuit 30 under control of control circuit 80 by the application of coincident signals to the particular row and column conductors defining the selected display cell.
  • the voltage thus extended across the selected display cell by the coincident row and column signals, by itself or in conjunction with the sustaining signal voltage applied to the row and column conductors, is sufficient to effect breakdown of the gaseous display material at the selected cell.
  • the voltage extended across the other display cells connected to the addressed row and column conductors is insufficient to effect breakdown of the gas at these other cells.
  • the individual display device levels in the stack are separated by respective layers of light-attenuating material, such as layers 121 and 122, which may be translucent glass or plastic, for example.
  • Each successive light-attenuating layer in the stack attenuates the light reaching the viewing surface by a predetermined amount, illustratively by a factor of two.
  • the light reaching the viewing surface from display device 101 due to discharge at a cross-point display cell thereof is essentially unattenuated, while the light reaching the viewing surface from display device 102 due to discharge at a cell of device 102 is attenuated one-half by light-attenuating layer 121.
  • the light emitted by discharge at a cell of display device 103 is attenuated one-half by layer 122 and an additional one-half by layer 121, such that the light finally reaching the viewing surface from device 103 is attenuated by a factor of four.
  • the light presented to the viewer is controllable over a multilevel gray scale, having a range zero to seven, by energization of the selected cross-point in various combinations of the display device levels.
  • the light reaching the viewing surface at cross-point 5,4 in FIG; 2 due to energization of devices 101, 102 and 103 at that cross-point would be the maximum level attainable (e.g., a level of seven); while that at crosspoint 8,4 due to energization of device 103 at that cross-point would be the next-to-lowest level (e.g., a level of one); and the light at cross-point 2,4 due to energization of device 101 would be in the middle of the range (e.g., a level offour).
  • Addressing of the individual cross-point display cells in FIG. 1 is effected via conventional addressing or scanning techniques, such as those known to the television art, advantageously employing a single address circuit 30 in common for all the plasma display devices in the stack.
  • the-cells of the respective devices are selectively energized at the addressed cross-point in accordance with a gray scale input signal received by input circuit 50 from signal source 10.
  • the gray scale input signal from source 10 may be in analog form as is usual in commercial television, or preferably it may be in the form of a multibit digital word with respect bits of the word determining the ON- OFF character of the individual display device cells at an addressed cross-point. If the signals from source 10 are received in analog form, control circuit must be provided with analog-to-digital encoding circuitry to place the signals in digital form for energizing the individual display cells of devices 101, 102 and 103.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 Alternative display device arrangements are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the row and column conductors except for the outermost sets of conductors, are each shared by two adjacent display device levels.
  • column conductors C42 are shared by display devices 401 and 402
  • row conductors C43 are shared by devices 402 and 403 in FIG. 4.
  • An arrangement of n display devices therefore would require only n+1 sets of conductors interleaved with the display device levels, alternating between row conductors and column conductors as shown in FIG. 4.
  • This arrangement advantageously facilitates manufacture by significantly reducing the number of sets of conductors and, consequently, the number of connections which must be made to the display devices.
  • the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 permit closer spacing between display device levels in the stack than the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • light-attenuating layer 421 may be disposed at any level in the stack intermediate the gaseous display material of device 401 and the gaseous display material of device 402, and similarly that light-attenuating layer 422 may be disposed at any level in the stack intermediate the gaseous display material of devices 402 and 403.
  • Layer 421, for example, may comprise a light-attenuating film disposed on either surface of dielectric material layer 452 of device 401, or on either surface of dielectric material layer 451 of device 402.
  • the row and column conductors CSI-C54 comprise thin conductors coated or encased in dielectric material such as glass or plastic.
  • the sets of conductors are supported and spaced apart by suitable spacers such as spacers 555 and adjacent display device levels are separated by respective light-attenuating layers 521 and 522.
  • Conductor CSIb-Cfid and light-attenuating layers 521 and 622 are disposed in housing 630 having a transparent viewing surface 53H, the housing being substantially filled with gaseous display material.
  • conductors C51 and C62 in FIG. 5 comprise a first display device level corresponding to display device 401i in FIG.
  • conductors C52 and C63 comprise a second display device level corresponding to display device 462, and conductors C53 and C54 comprise a third display device level corresponding to device 4503.
  • the advantages of the arrangement of FIG. 5 relative to facilitating manufacture are manifest.
  • the arrangement in FKG. 3 permits the individual conductors to be removed and replaced, if required for repair or maintenance purposes.
  • FIG. 6 a three-level display 666 is shown comprising plasma display device levels 6621, 662 and 603, which may be similar to the display arrangement shown in FIG. t or H6. 6, for example.
  • FIG. 6 For the purposes of describing the operation of the invention, only the three display cells Xa, Xb and X0 of a single cross-point of the display are depicted in FlG. 6.
  • display cells Xa, Xb and Xc are OFF; i.e., that no charge appears on the adjacent dielectric material surfaces and that none of the three display cells are lighted.
  • the sustaining signal voltage from source 620 extended through OR gates 623 to row and column conductors C6l-C64l defining cells Xa,Xb and X0 appears across each display cell, as shown in FlG. 7A.
  • the sustaining signal voltage is less than the breakdown voltage V for the particular gaseous display material employed, no significant current flow occurs through the display cells.
  • Each individual row and column conductor of display 666 is connected to the output of a respective OR gate 623, one input of which, as just mentioned, is connected to source 626 and the other input of which is connected to the output of a respective address gate associated with the individual row or column conductor.
  • a single address circuit 636 is employed in common for all three plasma display levels in display 606, and is illustratively shown in FIG. 6 as providing an address signal on a respective one of leads 63l63m for each cross-point in the display.
  • leads 63l-63m is connected to an input of the four address gates associated with the individual row and column conductors defining the three display cells at a particular cross-point.
  • the cross-point comprising display cells Xa, Xb and X0 is addressed, for example, by an address signal over lead 635 to one input of address gates 665, 666, 647 and 668, gates 665 648 being individually associated with conductors C6l-C6fil, respectively.
  • each address gate is connected to a respective one of four gray scale code leads Dl-Dd from address circuit 630.
  • a gray scale input signal from signal source 6% is registered as a three-bit word in input circuit 656, each bit determining the ON-OFF character of a respective cell at the addressed crosspoint.
  • the gray scale codeword bits are extended, one-at-atime, to address circuit 636 which responds to each bit to provide a signal of like character on the corresponding pair of leads Dll-Dd.
  • address circuit 636 responsive to the first bit of a codeword from input circuit 650 address circuit 636 provides a gray scale signal of like character on code leads D1 and D2, such as indicated by pulse 733 in FlG.
  • address circuit 630 responsive to the second bit, address circuit 630 provides a signal on code leads D2 and D3, such as indicated by pulse 732 in FIG. 7C; and responsive to the third bit, a signal is provided on leads D3 and D41, such as indicated by pulse 733.
  • the gray scale word Oil is registered in input circuit 660 and extended, one-bit-at-a-time, to address circuit 630 during the interval that the cross-point including cells Xa, Xb and Xc is addressed.
  • address circuit 630 provides coincident signals on lead D2 and D3 to address gates 646 and 647.
  • the signals on leads D2 and D3 in combination with the address signal on lead 635 as shown in FIG. 7B, enables gates 646 and 667 to provide a write pulse over leads C62 and C63 to display' cell Xb. This is shown as occurring at time I by way of example in FIG. 7A.
  • the write pulse applied to conductors C62 and C63 causes momentary breakdown of the gaseous display material at dis play cell Xb, permitting current flow thereacross to store charge on the adjacent dielectric material surfaces.
  • the resulting current flow across the display cell during breakdown is in the form of a current pulse, shown as pulse 701 in FIG. 7C, which may illustratively have a duration on the order of 50-75 nanoseconds.
  • address circuit 630 provides coincident signals on leads D3 and D4 to address gates 6 37 and 648 which, in combination with the address signal on lead 635, provides a write pulse over leads C63 and C64 to display cell Xc, at time !,in FIG. 7.
  • momentary breakdown of cell Xc occurs, permitting current flow thereacross, shown as pulse 702 in FIG. 7D, to store charge on the adjacent dielectric material surfaces of cell Xc.
  • the level of charge stored .on the dielectric material surfaces is determined principally by the net voltage across the display cell during breakdown.
  • the stored charge adds to the sustaining signal voltage as shown in FIG. 7A.
  • the combined voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage V causing a momentary breakdown discharge at display cells X12 and Xc.
  • the resulting negative current pulse 7'03, between conductors C62 and C63 removes the stored charge from the dielectric material surfaces adjacent cell Xb and charges the surfaces in a reverse direction.
  • the negative current pulse 704 between conductors C63 and C64, removes the stored charge from the dielectric material surfaces adjacent cell X0 and charges the surfaces in a reverse direction.
  • Additional ones of the display cells at other cross-points in display 660 are turned ON in a similar manner by application of a write pulse to the particular row and column conductors which define the additional cells.
  • a selected display cell is turned OFF by applying an erase pulse to the row and column conductor defining the selected cell, such that the erase pulse substantially removes or erases the charge stored at the cell. This is effected, for example, by applying an erase pulse to the particular row and column conductors at a point between successive sustaining signal pulses, or at a point when the instantaneous magnitude of the sustaining signal voltage applied to the row and column conductors is at or near zero in the case of a continuous sinusoidal sustaining signal.
  • a plurality of conductors a plurality of gaseous display cells, each of said display cells being defined by a pair of said conductors separated by two layers of dielectric material having a gaseous display material therebetween, means arranging said cells in a stack, each cell comprising a respective level in said stack, and means disposed between said levels for attenuating light passing therethrough.
  • n display cells are defined by n+1 conductors, said conductors being interleaved with said cells in said stack, and wherein n-l light attenuating means are interleaved with said cells in said stack.
  • each of said light-attenuating means individually attenuating the intensity of light reaching said viewing surface therethrough by a factor of two.
  • said addressing means comprises means for addressing selected ones of said display cells in common, and means for selectively initiating said discharge breakdown at individual ones of said common addressed cells.
  • a display device comprising a plurality of gaseous display levels, a plurality of sets of conductors interleaved with said levels and arranged so as to define a respective array of display cross-points at each of said levels, the display cross-points of each said array being substantially in registration with corresponding display cross-points of the other ones of said arrays, and individual light-attenuating layers separating adjacent ones of said display levels.
  • each of said conductors comprises an electrically conductive member separated from said gaseous display levels by nonconductive material.
  • a display device further comprising a housing, means stacking said sets of conductors in spacedapart relationship in said housing, said display levels comprising a substantially uniform gaseous display material disposed in said housing between said stacked sets of conductors.
  • a display device further comprising a viewing surface, said light-attenuating layers each equally attenuating the light reaching said viewing surface by passing therethrough.
  • each light-attenuating layer attenuates the light reaching said viewing surface by a factor of two.
  • a display device further comprising means for addressing corresponding cross-points at each of said display levels in common, and means for initiating breakdown discharge at selected ones of said common addressed cross-points.
  • a display device comprising a housing having a viewing surface, gaseous display material disposed throughout said housing, n+1 sets of conductors, each conductor comprising an electrically conductive member from said gaseous display material, means supporting said sets of conductors in spacedapart relationship within said housing so as to define a stack of n arrays of display cells, the cells of each array being substantially in registration with corresponding cells of other ones of said arrays, and means disposed between adjacent ones of said arrays for attenuating light passing therethrough by a predetermined amount.
  • a display device wherein said conductors each comprise an individual electrically conductive member coated with dielectric material, and wherein said conductors are supported by said supporting means so as to be individually removable from said housing.
  • a display device according to claim )12 wherein adjacent sets of said conductors are disposed orthogonally so as to define individual coordinate arrays in said stack.
  • a plurality of conventional two state display cells means arranging said display cells in a stack, each cell in said stack being substantially in registration with all other cells in said stack, and individual light-attenuating means disposed between adjacent ones of said display cells.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
US887994A 1969-12-24 1969-12-24 Gray scale gaseous display Expired - Lifetime US3626241A (en)

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US88799469A 1969-12-24 1969-12-24

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US (1) US3626241A (de)
JP (1) JPS5019889B1 (de)
BE (1) BE760687A (de)
DE (1) DE2062658A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2074184A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1314110A (de)
NL (1) NL7018513A (de)
SE (1) SE373448B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3778674A (en) * 1972-04-14 1973-12-11 Sperry Rand Corp D. c. gas discharge display apparatus with pulse train memory sustaining potential
US3845243A (en) * 1973-02-28 1974-10-29 Owens Illinois Inc System for producing a gray scale with a gaseous display and storage panel using multiple discharge elements
US3976912A (en) * 1972-02-23 1976-08-24 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Electrical supply system and method for improving the operating characteristics of gaseous discharge display panels
US4065698A (en) * 1972-12-18 1977-12-27 Fujitsu Limited Gas discharge display device including plurality of discharge panel units with intermediate light absorbing plates
US5121235A (en) * 1988-12-21 1992-06-09 International Business Machines Corporation Liquid crystal display device having light transmission control layer
US5150007A (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-09-22 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Non-phosphor full-color plasma display device

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3811124A (en) * 1972-06-12 1974-05-14 Ibm Solid state gas panel display circuits with non-inductive solid state isolation between low level logic and high level drive signal functions
US3969715A (en) * 1973-06-01 1976-07-13 Ibm Corporation Gas panel with improved write circuit and operation
JPS61151963U (de) * 1985-03-08 1986-09-19

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3015747A (en) * 1959-06-19 1962-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fluorescent screen
US3042823A (en) * 1958-11-28 1962-07-03 Ibm High speed electronic memory
US3114065A (en) * 1955-09-06 1963-12-10 Sam H Kaplan Color image reproducer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3114065A (en) * 1955-09-06 1963-12-10 Sam H Kaplan Color image reproducer
US3042823A (en) * 1958-11-28 1962-07-03 Ibm High speed electronic memory
US3015747A (en) * 1959-06-19 1962-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Fluorescent screen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976912A (en) * 1972-02-23 1976-08-24 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Electrical supply system and method for improving the operating characteristics of gaseous discharge display panels
US3778674A (en) * 1972-04-14 1973-12-11 Sperry Rand Corp D. c. gas discharge display apparatus with pulse train memory sustaining potential
US4065698A (en) * 1972-12-18 1977-12-27 Fujitsu Limited Gas discharge display device including plurality of discharge panel units with intermediate light absorbing plates
US3845243A (en) * 1973-02-28 1974-10-29 Owens Illinois Inc System for producing a gray scale with a gaseous display and storage panel using multiple discharge elements
US5121235A (en) * 1988-12-21 1992-06-09 International Business Machines Corporation Liquid crystal display device having light transmission control layer
US5150007A (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-09-22 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Non-phosphor full-color plasma display device

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BE760687A (fr) 1971-05-27
DE2062658A1 (de) 1971-07-01
FR2074184A5 (de) 1971-10-01
SE373448B (de) 1975-02-03
GB1314110A (en) 1973-04-18
JPS5019889B1 (de) 1975-07-10
NL7018513A (de) 1971-06-28

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