US3625695A - Antistatic photographic film - Google Patents

Antistatic photographic film Download PDF

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Publication number
US3625695A
US3625695A US637096A US3625695DA US3625695A US 3625695 A US3625695 A US 3625695A US 637096 A US637096 A US 637096A US 3625695D A US3625695D A US 3625695DA US 3625695 A US3625695 A US 3625695A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
antistatic
photographic
photographic film
backing layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US637096A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Scudder Mackey
Harvey Abend
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GAF Chemicals Corp
Original Assignee
General Aniline and Film Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Aniline and Film Corp filed Critical General Aniline and Film Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3625695A publication Critical patent/US3625695A/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/85—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antistatic additives or coatings
    • G03C1/89—Macromolecular substances therefor
    • G03C1/895—Polyalkylene oxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to photography and in particular to photographic film materials possessed of superior antistatic properties, as well as to the provision of novel compositions for such purposes.
  • the generation of static electrical charges can also occur to a significant extent as a result of trimming and packaging operations, by manipulation of the film element in camera mechanisms and particularly, motion picture cameras, cameras utilized for X-ray fluorography, i.e., wherein a sequence of exposures is taken in rapid succession.
  • the antistatic compound may be included as a component of an antihalation and/or anticurl, the latter being provided on the opposite side of the film base material, i.e., opposite the light-sensitive emulsion side.
  • the existence of foam tends to vitiate any possibility of achieving uniform and intimate contacting of the photographic processing solution with exposed emulsion layer.
  • the emergence of high speed processing has correspondingly rigidified the requirements in this respect.
  • the antistatic substance be devoid of any tendency to adversely affect the physical appearance of the emulsion layer, e.'g., to cause matting, streaking, etc.
  • the antistatic compound be totally inert with respect to the sensitometric properties of thephotographic film and thus display absolutely no photoactivity.
  • a further object of the present invention resides in the provision of film-forming antistatic compositions which are totally devoid of any tendency to detract from the sensitometric properties of photographic elements provided with the same. 7
  • a still further object of the present invention resides in the provision of improved antistatic compositions which may be employed to advantage in the preparation of antihalation and anti-curl backing layers for photographic film elements.
  • antistatic compositions comprising (a) a film forming organic binder, i.e., protective colloid, and (b) an antistatic compound comprising the condensation product of an alkylene oxide with 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne 4,7- diol said condensation products corresponding to the following structural formula:
  • m and it together represent integers such as to provide a molecular weight Within the range of from about 300 to about 150,000 or more, and wherein R and R represent alkylene of 24 carbon atoms, e.g., ethylenepropylene, etc.
  • the film-forming binder may be either of a permanent or temporary nature.
  • resin materials are selected which, though water-insoluble, nevertheless exhibit ready solubility in aqueous alkaline media thus assuring ready removal of the backing layer during post-exposure processing, e.g., developer immersion.
  • the antistatic agent composition will be provided with one or more of the dye stuff materials customarily employed in the art for such purposes.
  • dyestuffs described, for example, in US. Pats.
  • n represents an integer from 2 to 10 inclusive
  • Y represents a substituent selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, halogen, nitro, sulfo, carboxy, earbalkoxy and alkoxy
  • A represents an anion of a strong mineral acid, or, alternatively, an internal linkage wherein Y represents sulfo or carboxy, and wherein R and R represent lower alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.; hydroxyalkyl, and omega hydroxypolyoxyalkyl.
  • the aforementioned dyestuffs are found to present particular advantage in that they are readily and easily decolorized as a concomitant of photographic processing and furthermore, exhibit highly favorable solubility characteristics, i.e., can be readily dissolved away from the antihalation layer in the normal course of post-exposure processing, i.e., developing, fixing, washing, etc.
  • the film-forming binder component of the backing layer coating composition conventionally termed protective colloid may be selected from any of those well-known in the art for such purposes, with the selection of a particular one being determined largely by the ultimate character contemplated for the backing layer, i.e., whether permanent or transitory, as previously mentioned.
  • any of the water-insoluble, alkali-soluble resin film formers may be used with specific representatives including, for example, copolymers of alkyl methacrylates and methacrylic acid; the carboxy resinic lactones, the polyvinyl phthalates, the polyvinyl acetate phthalates, and the ethyl cellulose phthalates.
  • Suitable resins include the cellulose organic acid esters containing dicarboxylic acid groups such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate maleate, cellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate propionate phthalate, cellulose acetate propionate maleate, and cellulose acetate propionate succinate.
  • cellulose organic acid esters containing dicarboxylic acid groups such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate maleate, cellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate propionate phthalate, cellulose acetate propionate maleate, and cellulose acetate propionate succinate.
  • the polyoxyalkylenated butyne diol antistatic compound in concentrations ranging from about 2% to about by Weight, based on the we1ght, of film-forming binder e.g., gelatin, with a range of 3- 6% being particularly preferred.
  • the antistatic agent apart from the requirement of being present in amounts sufficient to yield the desired conductive character to the backing layer, is not of critical importance to the realization of the advantages described herein. Thus, it will be envisaged that particular circumstances and requirements of the processor may dictate departures from the aforestated range.
  • ingredients strictly of an optional nature, which may be included in the backing layer coating composition for purposes of augmenting adhesion strength, stability and the like, include, for example, hardening agents, e.g., formaldehyde, glyoxal, mucochloric acid, etc., coating aids such as saponin or other materials promulgated in the art for such purposes.
  • hardening agents e.g., formaldehyde, glyoxal, mucochloric acid, etc.
  • coating aids such as saponin or other materials promulgated in the art for such purposes.
  • antistatic agents of the present invention possess the highly desirable property of relatively unlimited compatibility with the vast majority of compounds promulgated in the art for the preparation of photographic film backing layer compositions, whether such be intended for use as an antihalation, anti-curl or other purposes.
  • the film base materials to which the antistatic compositions of the present invention may be applied encompass a wide variety of substances including, for example, cellulose organic esters such as cellulose acetate, or cellulose nitrate; film-forming polymeric materials such as polyvinyl chloride; polyamides; polyesters such as those obtained by the condensation reaction of a dicarboxylic acid with a dihydric alcohol; polycarbonates, and the like.
  • An antihalation coating composition of the type conventionally employed in the photographic arts as a backing layer for light-sensitive photographic elements is prepared by adding to 10 liters of an aqueous gelatin solution (10% gelatin), 10 gms. of saponin as coating aid, 10 gms. of formaldehyde (hardening agent) and 16 gms. of the antihalation dyestufr described in Example 1 of US Pat. 2,598,660, said dyestutf having the following structural formula:
  • a condensation product of Formula II above comprising the reaction product of 30 mols of ethylene oxide with 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne 4,7-diol.
  • the latter product is available commercially under the trade name designation Surfynol 485.
  • the composition thus prepared is likewise applied to a photographic film base.
  • Each of the coated samples, after drying, is conditioned in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity for a period of 12 hours. Resistivity measurements of the coatings are then made by the common parallel electrode technique. The results obtained are itemized in the following table:
  • Example II Example I is repeated except that each of the coated film base materials identified as (a), (b) and (c) respectively, is further provided on the side opposite the backing layer with a conventional photographic silver halide emulsion in gelatin containing 4% silver iodide and 96% silver bromide. After drying, each of the samples is exposed in a Type 1-B Sensitometer and developed in a photographic developer of the following composition:
  • sample (a) An inspection of sample (a) reveals the existence of a rather high population of spurious density deposits, or other irregularities which detract considerably from the overall appearance of the final image.
  • the prints obtained with samples (b) and (c) respectively are completely devoid of such fugitive density deposits whether in the form of streaks, lines, or other irregularities.
  • no evidence of emulsion fog is detected.
  • the backing layer exhibits absolutely no tendency to separate from the photographic film base, i.e., is firmly-bonded to such film base, despite continued subjection to the post-exposure processing media, e.g., developer, fixer, etc.
  • the objectionable foaming tendency characterizing so many of the antistatic agents heretofore provided in the art is in no way evident, and thus a highly efficient degree of solution, e.g., developer, contact with the photographic emulsion is attained.
  • the backing layer is of course temporary in nature.
  • the backing layer may be permanently afiixed so long as such dyestuffs be readily convertible to a colorless, or leuco form so as not to interfere with viewing or projection of the reproduced image.
  • a photographic element comprising a film base coated on one side with a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion and on the opposite side of said film base a backing layer comprising (a) a film-forming organic binder and (b) an antistatic compound consisting essentially of the condensation product of an alkylene oxide having from 24 carbon atoms with 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-S-decyne 4,7-diol, said condensation product having a molecular weight of at least 300.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US637096A 1967-05-09 1967-05-09 Antistatic photographic film Expired - Lifetime US3625695A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63709667A 1967-05-09 1967-05-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3625695A true US3625695A (en) 1971-12-07

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US637096A Expired - Lifetime US3625695A (en) 1967-05-09 1967-05-09 Antistatic photographic film

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3625695A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE714828A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1772380A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1222543A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5888712A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company Electrically-conductive overcoat for photographic elements
US5955250A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Electrically-conductive overcoat layer for photographic elements
EP2385425A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 Fujifilm Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for movie

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5888712A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company Electrically-conductive overcoat for photographic elements
US5955250A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Electrically-conductive overcoat layer for photographic elements
EP2385425A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 Fujifilm Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for movie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE714828A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-09-30
DE1772380A1 (de) 1971-03-18
GB1222543A (en) 1971-02-17

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