US3625051A - Method for continuous supersonic inspection of hot steel plates - Google Patents

Method for continuous supersonic inspection of hot steel plates Download PDF

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Publication number
US3625051A
US3625051A US870374A US3625051DA US3625051A US 3625051 A US3625051 A US 3625051A US 870374 A US870374 A US 870374A US 3625051D A US3625051D A US 3625051DA US 3625051 A US3625051 A US 3625051A
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United States
Prior art keywords
steel
temperature
inspection
steel plates
supersonic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US870374A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sutekiyo Uozumi
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ELECTRONICS RESEARCH CO
ELECTRONICS RESEARCH Co Ltd
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ELECTRONICS RESEARCH CO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02881—Temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the continuous and automatic inspection of steel plates which are at a relative high temperature condition by means of ultrasonic, or supersonic, waves or pulse.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a novel supersonic flaw detecting method which overcomes the limitations and other difficulties encountered in conducting the conventional methods for relative high temperature and high speed inspection which have been attempted hitherto, in order to make it possible to etfect the continuous flaw detection of steel plates over an extremely wide scope of temperature, ranging between normal temperature and the level of about 1,200 C. This capability has long been demanded by the steel manufacturing industry.
  • a jet, or stream, of water is utilized for attaining acoustic coupling.
  • the fundamental principle of the water stream jet method resides in acoustic coupling by use of a liquid.
  • it is intended to achieve acoustic wave propagation between a liquid phase and a solid phase, eliminating the presence of any gaseous phase medium.
  • temperature of the steel plate being tested is raised over a certain level, the conduction of heat from the steel plate to the water stream is sharply promoted, and a water-gasifying area is produced close to the testing steel surface.
  • This object is achieved according to the present inven tion by using as the acoustical coupling a steel material of the same quality as the steel plate being tested. Either echo pulse or through transmission ultrasonic pulse systems may be used, and the steel material may be in contact with one surface or a pair of opposing surfaces of the plate be ing inspected.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view illustrating a representa tive example of the conventional hot steel plate inspection 3 system wherein a water stream is utilized as an acoustic coupling means.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a plot of supersonic wave attenuation with the growth of temperature gradient in a steel material.
  • FIG. 3 is the graph showing a plot of fiaw detection sensibility versus pressure at normal temperature in planeto-plane contact.
  • FIG. 4 is the graph showing a plot of flaw detection sensibility Versus pressure at normal temperature in cylindrical face-to-plane contact.
  • FIG. 5 is the graph showing a plot of flaw detection sensibility as a function of the testing materials temperature in cylindrical face-to-plane contact with and under pressure.
  • FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of an example of a practical device employed in applying the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the device of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings shows schematically an example of a prior art ultrasonic inspecting system.
  • W is used to designate water; and. in FIG. 1 R designates rollers.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5' show graphs which were made under the condition that the graduation of the vertical axis (dB) was the value indicated at the attenuator when the amplitude of the echo pattern which is of the bottom or of an artificial flaw of 6 0 fiat bottomed on a cathode ray tube was a constant value of, for example, 50 mm.
  • the curves B1 and F1 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 denote respectively back echo character and flaw echo character.
  • the primary factor which has made flaw detection of relative hot steel plates by ultransonic, or supersonic signals impossible is not the temperature dependency of the supersonic wave attenuation in the steel material, but the unsuitability of the acoustic coupling means.
  • the graph in FIG. 2 it was confirmed that any supersonic wave attenuation large enough to make flaw detection impossible is not produced even if there exists a heavy temperature gradient ranging between the normal temperature of C. and the high temperature of 1,200 C., where the steel material becomes clear orange-colored in a identical steel material.
  • the problem resides in the method for acoustic coupling of the interface S where the supersonic wave comes in and out.
  • the present inventor has solved this problem in the following manner based on the next two facts; one is that, in general, the optimum condition for penetrating a supersonic wave from medium A to medium E is obtained when acoustic impedances, i.e. the density x times the sound speed, of both media are equal.
  • the other is, the above-mentioned fact that the variation of supersonic wave attenuation is within only few dB at most, even if such a heavy tempera ture gradient as that between 1,200 C. and 30 C. should exist in the identical steel material.
  • the inventor has attained the idea of using a steel :as a material which is inserted between the transducer and the surface of testing steel plate to form a temperature gradient, hereinafter referred to it as temperature gradient delay line material, and strongly pressing both steel ma terials toward each other with a force F so as to remove the interfacial gas phase and thereby achieve excellent acoustic coupling.
  • the practicability of the idea is demonstrated by the graph shown in FIG. 3 which is based on an experiment.
  • the configuration of the temperature gradient delay line material is shaped into the form of hollow cylindrical roller so as to roll on in contact with a material to be tested. More over a high pressure is applied to the contacting faces to remove the interfacial gas phase and realize an excellent acoustic coupling.
  • the high pressure is within the non-destructive range, so as not to produce any injurious deformation or deterioration of the quality of the material to be tested.
  • a cooling oil may be circulated through said hollow cylindrical roller, and an oil tight transducer placed on a pedestal and mounted to the central fixed shaft of the roller.
  • the central fixed shaft has a leaf oil film between said pedestal and the inner face of said roller, and the pedestal serves as both the temperature delay line material 2mg I concentrates supersonic beams on the surface el plate being tested.
  • the efiiciency of the means for continuous inspection mentioned above is confirmed by the graph shown in FIG. 4 which is also based on an experiment.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 An example of the mechanical composition of the device used in applying the present invention is embodied as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, wherein 1 denotes a steel plate to be tested, 2 a chain coupling, 3 a table roller, 4- a water introducing part, 5 an oil pressure cylinder, 6 a water discharging part and high frequency cable, 7 a cylindrical roller (housing a transducer therein), 8 a bearing, 9 take-up units (only one of which is shown) and 10 a heating burner.
  • Axial length l of the cylindrical roller 7 may be suitably selected as the circumstances de mand.
  • an elongated cylinder arranged such as to cover the entire width of steel plate 1, shown in FIG. 6, may be formed by a suitable means, e.g. by using suit able back-up roller 11.
  • multi transducers may be arranged in the roller as the number of channels demanded.
  • the present invention is an effective one providing a continuous supersonic inspecting method for hot steel plates whose temperature may range between normal temperature and 1,200 C.
  • the above described supersonic inspecting method for steel plates may be used not only for a single transducer system wherein signal trans mission and reception are effected by the same transducer on one side of the testing steel plate according to a pulse echo, but for a two-transducer system wherein signal transmission and reception are respectively effected by a different transducer, or for a signal penetration system wherein signal (pulse wave or continuous wave) transmitting and receiving transducers are respectively provided at both sides of the testing steel plate.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show a device employing the pulse echo system.
  • the improvement further including the step of applying pressure to the steel element tirig'it in contact with the surface of the plate, and the step 5 and the steel plate by means of a fluid cylinder, so as to of heating the element with a suitable heater prior to putting it in contact with the surface of the plate so as to prevent generation of abrupt heat transfer impact by approxi mating in the element the temperature of the plate,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US870374A 1968-10-01 1969-09-25 Method for continuous supersonic inspection of hot steel plates Expired - Lifetime US3625051A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP43070789A JPS4949519B1 (ja) 1968-10-01 1968-10-01

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US3625051A true US3625051A (en) 1971-12-07

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JP (1) JPS4949519B1 (ja)
DE (1) DE1949586C3 (ja)
GB (1) GB1271824A (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3815408A (en) * 1970-12-30 1974-06-11 Nippon Kokan Kk Automatic and continuous ultrasonic flaw detecting process
US3908445A (en) * 1972-08-18 1975-09-30 British Steel Corp Ultrasonic transducer with coupling means
US4160387A (en) * 1976-12-28 1979-07-10 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting internal cavities in casting bars
US4167880A (en) * 1978-05-22 1979-09-18 The Boeing Company Water coupled ultrasonic through transmission apparatus
US4375167A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-03-01 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Ultrasonic transducer suspension system for on-line high speed ultrasonic inspection of flat rolled products
US4558598A (en) * 1984-06-07 1985-12-17 The Boeing Company Ultrasonic linear array water nozzle and method
US4567770A (en) * 1983-03-21 1986-02-04 Sonic Instruments Inc. Ultrasonic transducer apparatus and method for high temperature measurements
US4776425A (en) * 1985-02-28 1988-10-11 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method for improving coupling with the ground of land based seismic sources

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2745905B1 (fr) * 1996-03-08 1998-04-24 Lorraine Laminage Appareil de detection acoustique de defauts dans une bande en defilement

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3815408A (en) * 1970-12-30 1974-06-11 Nippon Kokan Kk Automatic and continuous ultrasonic flaw detecting process
US3908445A (en) * 1972-08-18 1975-09-30 British Steel Corp Ultrasonic transducer with coupling means
US4160387A (en) * 1976-12-28 1979-07-10 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting internal cavities in casting bars
US4167880A (en) * 1978-05-22 1979-09-18 The Boeing Company Water coupled ultrasonic through transmission apparatus
US4375167A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-03-01 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Ultrasonic transducer suspension system for on-line high speed ultrasonic inspection of flat rolled products
US4567770A (en) * 1983-03-21 1986-02-04 Sonic Instruments Inc. Ultrasonic transducer apparatus and method for high temperature measurements
US4558598A (en) * 1984-06-07 1985-12-17 The Boeing Company Ultrasonic linear array water nozzle and method
US4776425A (en) * 1985-02-28 1988-10-11 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method for improving coupling with the ground of land based seismic sources

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1271824A (en) 1972-04-26
JPS4949519B1 (ja) 1974-12-27
DE1949586C3 (de) 1973-10-31
DE1949586B2 (de) 1973-04-12
DE1949586A1 (de) 1970-06-11

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