US3623862A - Use of rare earth elements for reducing nozzle deposits in the continuous casting of steel process - Google Patents
Use of rare earth elements for reducing nozzle deposits in the continuous casting of steel process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3623862A US3623862A US739157A US3623862DA US3623862A US 3623862 A US3623862 A US 3623862A US 739157 A US739157 A US 739157A US 3623862D A US3623862D A US 3623862DA US 3623862 A US3623862 A US 3623862A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rare earth
- steel
- continuous casting
- nozzles
- tundish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 82
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 82
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 64
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 30
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 yttrium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003748 yttrium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009618 Bessemer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000005702 Galium aparine Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000655 Killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MDPBAVVOGPXYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Y].[Gd] Chemical compound [Y].[Gd] MDPBAVVOGPXYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMUYTQCKKRCJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Ca+2] YMUYTQCKKRCJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003326 scandium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A continuous casting process wherein rare earth metals or rare earth silicides or other alloys of the rare earth metals are used to deoxidize steel to thereby prevent the clogging of tundish metering nozzles and permit the uninterrupted continuous casting of large production steel heats.
- This invention relates to a method of continuously casting molten metals.
- molten steel is poured from a ladle into a tundish containing one or more nozzles.
- These nozzles are made from zirconia, alumina or other highly refractory materials through which metal flows and is metered into the molds forming continuous cast billets. Difficulties have always been encountered in keeping the metering nozzles open so that a continuous even flow of molten metal can be fed into the billet molds.
- the nozzles tend to clog, finally becoming completely closed. This terminates the casting operation. As a result, the rest of the heat must be cast in ingots.
- tundish nozzles The problem of the plugging of tundish nozzles is serious, and prevents the successful utilization of the continuous casting process On a large scale by the steel industry. Examination of plugged tundish nozzles reveals that the skeleton-like deposit which restricts the metal flow consists primarily of alumina A1 0 along with other complex refractory materials containing oxides of aluminum, calcium, and silicon. Further studies using special test heats of steel deoxided with aluminum, calcium silicon alloys and rare earths show that the refractory materials blocking tundish nozzles are products of aluminum and calcium deoxidizing agents.
- Stoppered nozzles have also been used in the tundish similar to the stopper in a steel ladle to teem ingots. This permits the use of graphite nozzles and fire clay nozzles with a larger diameter hole. These types of nozzles, however, erode away and become larger as the steel is cast. With this arrangement, the rate of flow through the nozzle was controlled by an operator. During casting times of one hour or more it is quite difficult to properly control the casting speed. Stoppered nozzles are not a satisfactory answer to the problem especially when casting large heats of tons and over.
- a principal object of the present invention is to eliminate tundish nozzle clogging to permit a free flow of molten steel during a continuous casting process when large heats are being poured.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method of deoxidizing a heat of steel whereby the oxide precipitation problem is reduced or eliminated so that the continuous casting of the steel heat may proceed without interruption.
- a further object of this invention is to utilize rare earth metals or rare earth silicides or other alloys of the rare earth metals to deoxidize steel during a continuous casting process so that precipitation of refractory oxides from the molten metal onto the surface of the tundish metering nozzles does not occur.
- a still further object is to provide an improved method of continuous casting of steel which can be extended to a greater variety of steels than heretofore has been possible.
- tundish nozzles made of zirconia have been used.
- Zirconia or other highly refractory material must be used to withstand not only the high heat but also the long duration of high temperature of the large heat of steel, which must pass through these nozzle structures.
- a tundish In a typical example of equipment used in the continuous casting process, a tundish is used which holds about 4000 pounds of steel. Eight nozzles of /8 in diameter are connected to the tundish and meter the molten steel from the tundish into molds to form continuous cast billets of 5" or 6" squares. It takes approximately one hour to pour a 140 ton heat of steel through these eight nozzles. The importance of keeping these nozzles completely open can be readily appreciated from these facts. On the other hand, it is equally important that the nozzle does not erode and increase in size to cause an undesirable pouring rate. When aluminum was used as a deoxidizing agent, we found by X-ray diffraction techniques that the deposit which formed in the tundish nozzles exhibited a diffraction pattern identical with that of aluminum calcium oxide and aluminum oxide.
- Rare earth metal or mixtures of rare earth metals such as mischmetal have also been used satisfactorily as the deoxidizing agent in place of aluminum.
- An analysis of one mixture of rare earth metals used satisfactorily is as follows:
- Rare earth silicides of different compositions containing from about 10%50% rare earth metals are commercially avaliable and are satisfactory for use as a deoxidizing agent in this process.
- the amount of rare earth silicide needed will decrease as the amount of such an element as praseodymium present in the composition increases.
- Praseodymium for example, is one of the most active of the rare earth metals and is effective to release a large amount of free energy during a deoxidizing reaction.
- steels tapped out of a furnace with no prior deoxidation can be treated in the ladle with the following sequence of additions and successfully continuously cast through a tundish with metering nozzles.
- Five pounds of silicon metal per ton are added after about five percent of the steel is tapped into the ladle.
- the silicon addition is then followed with an appropriate manganese addition. If other alloys are to be added they may be added With the manganese.
- the rare earth metals preferably are added when approximately sixty-five percent of the steel has been tapped into the ladle to allow adequate mixing. These may be added as a pure mixture of metals, referred to as mischmetal, or in the form of a silicon alloy.
- Steel made in this manner can be successfully cast with a rare earth metal addition of one-half pound per ton in the medium and high carbon range considering medium range to include steels having about 0.30% to 0.50% carbon and high range about 0.50% to 0.80% carbon. As the steel carbon content decreases, an increase in the rare earth addition is required. In steel having about 0.15% carbon content approximately one pound of rare earth metal per ton of steel is required.
- rare earth metal or rare earth silicide as a deoxidizing agent also is effective to increase the pouring speed during the continuous casting process.
- rare earth metals and rare earth silicides were used as deoxidizing agents, it is to be understood that rare earth and yttrium carbides, chlorides and other rare earth and yttrium compounds other than the oxides, such compounds being reactive with oxygen, could be used in lieu of such rare earth and yttrium metals and silicides in new process without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
- scandium metal, scandium compounds other than the oxide, particularly scandium silicide, and metals and compounds other than the oxides of the actinide series, such as thorium, uranium, and actinuim metals and silicides are also suitable and anti clogging agents but on the basis of availability and costs as Well as all around efliciency and results, yttrium and the lanthanide series of rare earths are preferred. While the use of aluminum as a deoxidizing agent causes an increase in surface tension of the molten steel or a decrease in fluidity, the use of rare earth metals or rare earth silicide on the other hand reduces the surface tension and consequently increases the fluidity.
- the process of preventing tundish nozzle clogging during the continuous casting of steel comprising the step of adding amount of a deoxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of rare earth metals, yttrium metal, rare earth compounds other than the oxides, yttrium compounds other than the oxides, and mixtures thereof to the molten steel before the steel is poured through the tundish nozzle, on the basis of the rare earth metal content of the deoxidizing agent, the amount of deoxidizing agent added being at least one-half pound of metal per ton of steel,
- Cerium 47 Lanthanum 25 Praseodymium 6 Neodymium 19 Samarium 2 Gadolinium Yttrium and other rare earth metals .5
- the process of continuous casting of steel comprising the steps of adding an amount of a rare earth metal or a rare earth compound reactive with oxygen to the molten steel and then pouring the steel through tundish nozzles made of a high refractory material, on the basis of the rare earth metal content of the rare earth metal or rare earth compound added, the amount of rare earth metal or rare earth compound added being at least one-half pound of metal per ton of steel.
- the process of continuous casting of steel comprising the steps of adding an amount of a rare earth metal silicide to the molten steel and then pouring the steel through tundish nozzles made of a high refractory material, on the basis of the rare earth metal content of the rare earth silicide added, the amount added being at least one-half pound of metal per ton of steel.
- the process of continuous casting of steel comprising the steps of adding an amount of a composition consisting essentially of a rare earth metal or a rare earth compound other than oxide to the molten steel to deoxidize the steel and then pouring the steel through tundish nozzles made of a high refractory material, on the basis of the rare earth metal content of the composition added, the amount of composition added being at least one-half pound of metal per ton of steel.
- tundish nozzle refractory material is from the group consisting of zirconia and alumina.
- the process of preventing tundish nozzle clogging during the. continuous casting of steel comprising the step of adding an amount of a deoxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of scandium metal, scandium silicide, and actinide metal, and an actinide silicide to molten steel before the steel is poured through the tundish nozzle, on the basis of rare earth metal content of the deoxidizing agent, the amount of deoxidizing agent added being at least one-half pound of metal per ton of steel.
- a deoxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of scandium metal, scandium silicide, and actinide metal, and an actinide silicide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73915768A | 1968-06-24 | 1968-06-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3623862A true US3623862A (en) | 1971-11-30 |
Family
ID=24971079
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US739157A Expired - Lifetime US3623862A (en) | 1968-06-24 | 1968-06-24 | Use of rare earth elements for reducing nozzle deposits in the continuous casting of steel process |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3623862A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS4925529B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1931694C3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES368084A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2011559B1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1236123A (de) |
| SE (1) | SE349961B (de) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3822735A (en) * | 1969-07-11 | 1974-07-09 | Nat Steel Corp | Process for casting molten silicon-aluminum killed steel continuously |
| US3871870A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1975-03-18 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel |
| US3922166A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1975-11-25 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Alloying steel with highly reactive materials |
| US4233065A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-11-11 | Foote Mineral Company | Effective boron alloying additive for continuous casting fine grain boron steels |
| US4353744A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1982-10-12 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing a vanadium silicon alloy |
| US4440568A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1984-04-03 | Foote Mineral Company | Boron alloying additive for continuously casting boron steel |
| JPS6015057A (ja) * | 1983-07-06 | 1985-01-25 | ウイリアム・ジ−・ウイルソン | タンデイツシユノズルの詰りを防止する方法 |
| US4911764A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-03-27 | Farnsworth Verdun H | Galvanizing fluxes |
| US20060260719A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2006-11-23 | Toshiaki Mizoguchi | Steels product reduced in amount of alumina cluster |
| CN113695547A (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种调节拉速实现稀土钢连铸可浇性的方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8828117B2 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2014-09-09 | Gregory L. Dressel | Composition and process for improved efficiency in steel making |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2861908A (en) * | 1955-11-30 | 1958-11-25 | American Steel Foundries | Alloy steel and method of making |
| US3185652A (en) * | 1960-04-29 | 1965-05-25 | Nuclear Corp Of America | Refractory rare earth material |
| US3189956A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1965-06-22 | Concast Ag | Production of effervescing steel |
| US3295963A (en) * | 1962-07-27 | 1967-01-03 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Alloys containing rare earth metals |
| US3467167A (en) * | 1966-09-19 | 1969-09-16 | Kaiser Ind Corp | Process for continuously casting oxidizable metals |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3125442A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | Buctile iron casting | ||
| US2280284A (en) * | 1940-10-02 | 1942-04-21 | Electro Metallurg Co | Method and agent for treating iron and steel |
| AT179025B (de) * | 1951-11-16 | 1954-07-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Verfahren zur Kornverfeinerung beim kontinuierlichen oder diskontinuierlichen Gießen von hochschmelzenden Metallen |
| US3020153A (en) * | 1958-11-06 | 1962-02-06 | Linz Arthur | Iron and steel production |
| DE1135618B (de) * | 1960-02-23 | 1962-08-30 | Molybdenum Corp | Schlichte fuer Giessformen |
| BE660069A (de) * | 1964-02-25 | 1965-08-23 | ||
| FR1429743A (fr) * | 1965-04-02 | 1966-02-25 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | Procédé de traitement de métaux fondus et nouveaux produits ainsi obtenus |
-
1968
- 1968-06-24 US US739157A patent/US3623862A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-06-06 ES ES368084A patent/ES368084A1/es not_active Expired
- 1969-06-19 GB GB31076/69A patent/GB1236123A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-06-20 FR FR696920761A patent/FR2011559B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1969-06-23 DE DE1931694A patent/DE1931694C3/de not_active Expired
- 1969-06-23 SE SE08887/69A patent/SE349961B/xx unknown
- 1969-06-24 JP JP44049963A patent/JPS4925529B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2861908A (en) * | 1955-11-30 | 1958-11-25 | American Steel Foundries | Alloy steel and method of making |
| US3185652A (en) * | 1960-04-29 | 1965-05-25 | Nuclear Corp Of America | Refractory rare earth material |
| US3189956A (en) * | 1961-05-09 | 1965-06-22 | Concast Ag | Production of effervescing steel |
| US3295963A (en) * | 1962-07-27 | 1967-01-03 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Alloys containing rare earth metals |
| US3467167A (en) * | 1966-09-19 | 1969-09-16 | Kaiser Ind Corp | Process for continuously casting oxidizable metals |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3822735A (en) * | 1969-07-11 | 1974-07-09 | Nat Steel Corp | Process for casting molten silicon-aluminum killed steel continuously |
| US3871870A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1975-03-18 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Method of adding rare earth metals or their alloys into liquid steel |
| US3922166A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1975-11-25 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Alloying steel with highly reactive materials |
| US4233065A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-11-11 | Foote Mineral Company | Effective boron alloying additive for continuous casting fine grain boron steels |
| US4353744A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1982-10-12 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing a vanadium silicon alloy |
| US4440568A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1984-04-03 | Foote Mineral Company | Boron alloying additive for continuously casting boron steel |
| JPS6015057A (ja) * | 1983-07-06 | 1985-01-25 | ウイリアム・ジ−・ウイルソン | タンデイツシユノズルの詰りを防止する方法 |
| US4911764A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-03-27 | Farnsworth Verdun H | Galvanizing fluxes |
| AU605618B2 (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1991-01-17 | Verdun Hildreth Farnsworth | Improvements in or relating to galvanising fluxes |
| US20060260719A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2006-11-23 | Toshiaki Mizoguchi | Steels product reduced in amount of alumina cluster |
| US7776162B2 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2010-08-17 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steels with few alumina clusters |
| CN113695547A (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种调节拉速实现稀土钢连铸可浇性的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4925529B1 (de) | 1974-07-01 |
| DE1931694B2 (de) | 1975-01-09 |
| GB1236123A (en) | 1971-06-23 |
| FR2011559B1 (de) | 1973-08-10 |
| DE1931694C3 (de) | 1975-09-11 |
| FR2011559A1 (de) | 1970-03-06 |
| SE349961B (de) | 1972-10-16 |
| ES368084A1 (es) | 1971-05-01 |
| DE1931694A1 (de) | 1972-07-20 |
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