US3622082A - Variable-area nozzle - Google Patents

Variable-area nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3622082A
US3622082A US883189A US3622082DA US3622082A US 3622082 A US3622082 A US 3622082A US 883189 A US883189 A US 883189A US 3622082D A US3622082D A US 3622082DA US 3622082 A US3622082 A US 3622082A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
leaves
nozzle
diaphragm
variable
flexible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US883189A
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English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm Tyre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hall Thermotank International Ltd
Original Assignee
Hall Thermotank International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • B63J2/10—Ventilating-shafts; Air-scoops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K24/00—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K24/00—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures
    • F16K24/04—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures for venting only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
    • Y10S239/19—Nozzle materials

Definitions

  • variable-area nozzle is located in a vent pipe, scmms4nnwing Figs and has a central aperture of variable area dependent upon U.S. Cl.
  • the noule includes a flexi- 98/78, 138/45, 239/602, 239/110 19 ble diaphragm transverse to the vent pipe and having an annulnt.Cl Bosh 1/02 r ri f nwa ly projecting leaves which are flexible to Field in Search 138/45; define a central aperture of v ri le area dependent u on said 137/525. 1 525.3. 587; 98/78, I 16; 220/44 C; fl
  • This invention relates to a variable-area nozzle, particularly to a variable-area nozzle for use with vent pipe arrangements.
  • variable-area nozzle comprising a plurality of flexible diaphragm devices arranged in side-by-side contiguous relationship and positionable in the line of fluid flow; each diaphragm including an annular series of leaves which are flexible to define a central aperture of variable area dependent upon the fluid flow through the nozzle; the pitching of the leaves of each diaphragm device being staggered relative to the pitching of the leaves of the next adjacent diaphragm device, and the flexibility of the leaves of each diaphragm device varying from that of the leaves of the next adjacent diaphragm device to damp any oscillations occurring in the diaphragm devices.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical vent pipe for a shipboard fluid storage tank and including a variable-area nozzle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional elevation of a cylindrical tube of the pipe of FIG. 1, and showing to the left of the centerline of the tube a variable-area nozzle according to one embodiment of the present invention and to the right a nozzle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the tube of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional elevation of a variable-area nozzle according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the oil cargo tanks 1 of an oil tanker each have a vertical vent pipe arrangement 2 extending from the side of the deck hatch 3 of the tank 1, for discharge of gases from the tanks 1 during charging of oil into the tank.
  • a vent arrangement as described in the applicant's copending British Pat. application No. 32195/67 could be used.
  • each vent pipe 2 serves as a socket for a tube 4 (see FIG. 2) and a variable area discharge nozzle 5 is incorporated at the mouth of each tube 4 to maintain a sufficient discharge velocity of the gases from the vent pipe 2.
  • the mouth 6 of each tube 4 has an outwardly turned flange 7 and each nozzle 5 includes three side-by-side diaphragms 8, 9, l0 clamped to the flange 7 by means of a ring 11 bolted to the flange 7 and extending over the mouth 6 of the tube 4.
  • the diaphragms 8, 9, and are made from a flexible material which can resist any corrosive or other harmful effect of the discharged gas.
  • each of the diaphragms 8, 9, 10 are sufticiently stiff, whereby the diaphragms together can extend freely in the radial direction without drooping when no gas flow occurs in the vent pipe 2.
  • the diaphragms 8, 9 and 10 are made from neoprene and may have for example thicknesses of A inch 7/16 inch and /4 inch respectively.
  • the diaphragms 8, 9, l0 are made from a urethane elastomer such as for example that sold under the name Polyvon, and have an equal thickness of for example, 56 inch.
  • the outerdiaphragms 8, 10 have an equal shore hardness of say 95 but the central diaphragm 9 has a lower shore hardness of say 80. Consequently the central diaphragm will have a natural resonance frequency different from that of the outer diaphragms, and consequently the arrangement provides for damping of oscillation of the nozzle, which oscillations may occur at certain rates of gas flow.
  • Each diaphragm 8, 9, 10 has a plurality, preferably 10 of radially inwardly projecting leaves 12; freely in the radial direction without drooping when no gas flow occurs in the vent pipe 2.
  • the diaphragms 8, 9, 10 are made from neoprene and may have for example thicknesses of is, 7/ l 6 and V4 inch respectively.
  • the diaphragms 8, 9, 10 are made from neoprene and may have for example thicknesses of is, 7/ l 6 and V4 inch respectively.
  • Each diaphragm 8, 9, 10 has a plurality, preferably 10 of radially inwardly projecting leaves 12; and the diaphragm can be conveniently made by providing an appropriate number of equiangular diametral slits 13 on the material.
  • the diaphragms are arranged such that the slits 13 of one diaphragm are positioned intermediate of the slits 13 of the next adjacent diaphragm.
  • the slits 13 of the upper diaphragm 8 are thereby substantially covered and the lower diaphragms 9, l0 serve to ensure that the nozzle 5 is of a satisfactory fonn and also to mitigate against the occurrence of any vibrations in the upper diaphragm 8 during use.
  • the diaphragms 8, 9, 10 are provided with a central aperture 4, and a closure lid 27 is provided for the mouth of the pipe 2 when oil charging has been completed.
  • the tube 4 additionally carries a flame screen 15 at its inner end.
  • the flame screen 15 is held against a shoulder 16 on the inner wall 17 of the tube 4 by a circlip 25 located in an annular groove 18 of the wall 17, and the flame screen 15 is so located in the tube 4, that the leaves 12 can be bent downwardly in the tube 4 without fouling the flame screen 15. It is convenient, during unloading operations from the tanks 1, that the leaves 12 can be so bent downwards to permit free ingress of air to the tanks 1 via the vent pipes.2.
  • the vent pipe 2 additionally carries a nozzle pipe 26 to cater for the expulsion or absorption of air by the tanks 1 due to expansion or contraction of the oil cargo on temperature variation within the tank, as will occur on passage of the ship from a tropical zone to a temperate zone or vice versa.
  • variable-area discharge nozzle 5 operates as follows:
  • Each oil tank 1 is filled by the charging of oil therein through a suitable inlet (not shown) on the tank 1, the oilcharging rate at the initial stages of filling being at a maximum.
  • the residual gases within the tank 1 are discharged by the inflowing oil through the vent pipe 2 to atmosphere at a volumetric rate equal to the volumetric rate of oil charging.
  • the gas discharge which will be at a maximum rate initially will cause the leaves 12 of the diaphragms 8, 9, 10 to fold upwards and the area of the throat of the nozzle 5 will be increased to a maximum size.
  • the nozzle 5 will cause an increase in the gas discharge velocity.
  • the oilcharging rate When the filling of the tank 1 nears completion, the oilcharging rate will be required to be considerably reduced to minimize the risk of the inflammable oil overflowing from the tank 1 onto the deck 20; the gas discharge rate will consequently be reduced.
  • the leaves 12 With the reduction in the gas-discharging rate, the leaves 12 will fold downwards until a stage is reached when the leaves nearly return to their initial radial positions, and the throat of the nozzle 5 will consequently cause a marked increase in the gas discharge velocity relative to the velocity of the gas in the vent pipe 2, and the gases will be discharged to a sufficient height above the deck 20 to enable them to disperse clear of the deck 20 or superstructure (not shown).
  • the nozzle 5 in this case is comprised of only two contiguous diaphragms 8, 9 and a support 2 is provided for the diaphragms 8, 9 such that the leaves 12 of the diaphragms 8, 9 may be inclined upwardly even at low rates of gas flow.
  • the support 2 is in the form of an open wire frame so that the gas flow through the nozzle is substantially unimpeded by the frame.
  • the frame 2 includes a pair of concentric hoops 22, 23 a smaller diameter one 22 being arranged above the other larger diameter one 23 and supported therefrom by an annular series of struts 24.
  • the larger diameter hoop 23 rests on the flange 7 of the tube 4 on the vent pipe 2 while the other small hoop 22 supports the leaves 12 diaphragms 8, 9 and serves to bias them in an upward direction.
  • the wire of the frame 21 may be appropriately coated to minimize corrosion thereof by the discharging gas. It is arranged that, with now flow of gases in the vent pipe 2, the diaphragms 8, 9 occupy a closed position.
  • a variable-area nozzle comprising a plurality of flexible diaphragm devices arranged in side-by-side contiguous relationship and positionable in the line of fluid flow; each diaphragm including an annular series of leaves which are flexible to define a central aperture of variable area dependent upon the fluid flow through the nozzle; the pitching of the leaves of each diaphragm device being staggered relative to the pitching of the leaves of the next adjacent diaphragm device, and the flexibility of the leaves of each diaphragm device varying from that of the leaves of the next adjacent diaphragm device to damp any oscillations occurring in the diaphragm devices.
  • a nozzle as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the leaves are flexible from a position in which the edges of adjacent leaves abut to a position in which the leaves are flexed apart to increase the aperture sizes, the extent of flexure being under the influence of the fluid flow through the nozzle.
  • a nozzle as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that three flexible diaphragm devices are provided. the leaves of the central diaphragm device being of a lower shore hardness than the leaves of the other diaphragm devices to provide for the variation in flexibility of the leaves.
  • a nozzle as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the leaves of each diaphragm device are made of a urethan elastomer material.
  • a nozzle as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that a diaphragm support is provided below the diaphragm devices and arranged so as to incline the leaves to present a convergent surface to the fluid flow.
  • a nozzle as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the tips of the leaves of at least one of the diaphragm devices defines an aperture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US883189A 1968-12-07 1969-12-08 Variable-area nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3622082A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5824868 1968-12-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3622082A true US3622082A (en) 1971-11-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US883189A Expired - Lifetime US3622082A (en) 1968-12-07 1969-12-08 Variable-area nozzle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3622082A (https=)
DE (1) DE1961298B2 (https=)
GB (1) GB1259125A (https=)
NL (1) NL144042B (https=)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5472144A (en) * 1994-07-11 1995-12-05 Elopak Systems A.G. Filling apparatus clog-free nozzle screen
US8123150B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2012-02-28 General Electric Company Variable area fuel nozzle
US11155158B2 (en) * 2016-07-29 2021-10-26 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation And Research Ventilation flow rate regulator for a pressurised tank of a vehicle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8622854D0 (en) * 1986-09-23 1986-10-29 Martin W S Venting gaseous/vaporous media

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2593315A (en) * 1946-10-31 1952-04-15 Dole Valve Co Flow control device
NL6411689A (https=) * 1963-10-08 1965-04-09 Andre Polack
US3472150A (en) * 1967-10-19 1969-10-14 Strawsine Mfg Co Self-closing flexible damper

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2593315A (en) * 1946-10-31 1952-04-15 Dole Valve Co Flow control device
NL6411689A (https=) * 1963-10-08 1965-04-09 Andre Polack
US3472150A (en) * 1967-10-19 1969-10-14 Strawsine Mfg Co Self-closing flexible damper

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5472144A (en) * 1994-07-11 1995-12-05 Elopak Systems A.G. Filling apparatus clog-free nozzle screen
US5605288A (en) * 1994-07-11 1997-02-25 Elopak Systems Ag Filling apparatus clog-free nozzle screen
US8123150B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2012-02-28 General Electric Company Variable area fuel nozzle
US11155158B2 (en) * 2016-07-29 2021-10-26 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation And Research Ventilation flow rate regulator for a pressurised tank of a vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6918059A (https=) 1970-06-09
NL144042B (nl) 1974-11-15
DE1961298C3 (https=) 1974-09-19
GB1259125A (https=) 1972-01-05
DE1961298B2 (de) 1974-02-14
DE1961298A1 (de) 1970-12-10

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