US3621322A - High-pressure compact arc lamp with electrodes containing tantalum carbide - Google Patents

High-pressure compact arc lamp with electrodes containing tantalum carbide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3621322A
US3621322A US854452A US3621322DA US3621322A US 3621322 A US3621322 A US 3621322A US 854452 A US854452 A US 854452A US 3621322D A US3621322D A US 3621322DA US 3621322 A US3621322 A US 3621322A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
accordance
electrodes
electrode
percent
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US854452A
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English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Rehmet
Jurgen Begemann
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Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Priority claimed from DE19681764961 external-priority patent/DE1764961C3/de
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Publication of US3621322A publication Critical patent/US3621322A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode

Definitions

  • the lamp of this invention is one which obtains a brightness from 20 to 200 kilostilbs and is used as an almost fixed point source of light in optical devices.
  • mercury vapor is provided in the bulbous envelope as the gaseous medium for the discharge, and attains a pressure value in operation of from to 100 atmospheres.
  • the lamp of the present invention must be distinguished from heretofore known mercury vapor lamps used for street and hanger lighting having approximately tubular envelopes, a wall-stabilized arc of a length exceeding the envelope diameter, and producing a considerably lower brightness than the lamp herein described.
  • the electrodes taper to smaller ends directed toward each other and spaced apart a distance less than the diameter of the bulbous portion of the envelope at the region thereof opposite the gap between the electrodes.
  • Dischargeinitiating coils with included emitter material therein are provided behind the larger ends ofsaid electrodes.
  • FIG. shows a super high pressure compact arc lamp, mostly in longitudinal section, and with the opposite end bases separated therefrom.
  • an envelope 1 fabricated from bubble-free and scale-free quartz glass in tubular form, an intermediate portion whereof is dilated to constitute approximately a spherical or somewhat ovate discharge space or chamber 2.
  • metallic rod electrode supports 3 and 4 Longitu dinally of and coaxial with said tubular envelope and projecting toward each other into said discharge space or chamber 2 are metallic rod electrode supports 3 and 4. These rods are appropriately made of ground swaged tungsten and conveniently have a diameter of 1.5 mm.
  • electrode bodies 5 and 6 are within said chamber 2 on the forward ends of said rods 3 and t, securely fixed thereon, which are electrode bodies 5 and 6 respectively, which by way ofspecific example as a highly acceptable optimum composition, comprise a mixture of 60 percent of tantalum carbide and 40 percent of tungsten, and initially the mixture contains a suitable binder such as 2 percent camphor.
  • the electrode bodies are sintered into a cohesive mass and during the sintering operation the binder evaporates.
  • each sintered body 5 and 6 has a cylindrical formation whereas the forward end of each where the arc strikes tapers with-a conical or frustoconical shape.
  • Said electrode bodies do not intentionally contain any emitter additive, although in operation of the lamp small traces in trifling amount may deposit thereon from migration.
  • a mixture is made from 20 to percent by weight of powdered tantalum carbide stirred with 80 to l0 percent by weight of at least one metal in powdered condition selected from the group of tungsten, rhenium, molybdenum and tantalum, said mixture also initially containing a solvent such as camphor dissolved in diethyl ether.
  • the stirring of the mixture continues with accompanying evaporation of the binder.
  • the electrode bodies are formed from the mixture and sintered, effecting complete evaporation of the binder from the formed blanks. In this: formation of the blanks, the same are subjected to an adequate pressure in the range of 300 to 320 kilograms.
  • a blind-end longitudinal core hole is provided at the cylindrical end thereof for reception of the blank on the end of the sup porting rod, thereby constituting the blank a complete and mounted electrode body.
  • the blanks are annealed for 10 minutes at 1500" C. in a forming gas. if desired, tapering or forming the frustoconical end on the electrode body may be done after sintering. Mounting of the electrode body on the support rod may appropriately be accomplished by shrink-fitting in an atmosphere of forming gas.
  • each starting coil is composed of tungsten wire of 0.1 mm. diameter with one inner series of convolutions, preferably four, tightly wound upon the supporting rod, and around said inner series of convolutions is an outer series of three convolutions back-wound in overlying relation to the first series and radially spaced therefrom a distance of 0.1 mm.
  • the outer series of outer convolutions is formed as an integral continuation of the wire forming the inner series.
  • Emitter material such as thoria, is included between the two series of convolutions and functions solely as a starting aid for the discharge. However, due mainly to the surface migration, some thorium gets into the region of the electrode body where the arc strikes.
  • the emitter material is prepared as a paste and injected between the series of inner.
  • One supporting rod for instance the upper one, as shown in the drawing, is provided with a gettering coil 9 of tantalum wire of0.5 mm. in diameter which is slipped onto the rod 3 behind the coil 7 on that rod.
  • in-leads I0 and 11 respectively which have the glass of the envelope sealed therearound and at the outer ends thereof bases l2, 13 are provided appropriately connected with said in-leads.
  • a mirror coating 14 is applied both to the annular zone on the bulb wall contiguous to the more constricted tubular portion ofthe envelope so as to be somewhat rearwardly of one of the electrode bodies, and to the tipped-off, bulged in exhaust tip.
  • the gaseous contents for the bulbous portion of the envelope, where the discharge occurs comprises about 35 Torrs (pressure unit of mm. of mercury) of argon gas and mercury vapor from just sufficient liquid mercury to completely vaporize.
  • the dimensions of the electrodes and the power input of the lamp are so coordinated that in the region where the arc strikes a small fusing area forms on each electrode on which thereafter the arc generally strikes without contraction in a stable manner. It is assumed that the high stability of the arc is promoted by the constancy of the work function across the fusing area, probably also by an extremely low work function. The incredibly little blackening of the lamp envelope in spite of the presence of the two fusing areas, especially when using electrodes of sintered material consisting of up to 60 percent by weight of tantalum carbide and to 40 percent by weight of tungsten, is to be understood from the soft," i.e. not contractedly striking are which covers practically the entire fusing area uniformly.
  • the electrodes offer advantages also in case of high-pressure compact arc lamps operated from AC of the type which contain in addition to the mercury, or as the sole light-generating filling, a metal halide.
  • the characteristics of compact are Xenon lamps for AC operation are likewise improved by sintered electrodes of tungsten and tantalum carbide.
  • a high-pressure compact arc lamp comprising an elongated tubular envelope having an intermediate bulbous portion, two electrode supports extending longitudinally of the tubular envelope and projecting toward each other into said bulbous portion of the envelope and terminating therein, as arcstriking electrodes, said electrodes being spaced close together with a gap therebetween less that the diameter of said bulbous portion of the envelope around said gap, and said electrodes being constituted as sintered bodies of a mixture of 50 to 70 percent by weight of tantalum carbide and 50 to 30 percent by weight of tungsten.
  • a lamp in accordance with claim I wherein said bulbous portion of the envelope contains mercury vaporized in operation of the lamp and producing pressure from 10 up to 100 atmospheres.
  • electrode coils are located on said supports behind said electrode bodies, said electrode coils having an emitter carried between convolutions thereof.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US854452A 1968-09-12 1969-09-02 High-pressure compact arc lamp with electrodes containing tantalum carbide Expired - Lifetime US3621322A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681764961 DE1764961C3 (de) 1968-09-12 Elektrode mit Tantalcarbid für Kurzbogenhochdruckentladungslampen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3621322A true US3621322A (en) 1971-11-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US854452A Expired - Lifetime US3621322A (en) 1968-09-12 1969-09-02 High-pressure compact arc lamp with electrodes containing tantalum carbide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3621322A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2017924A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1240778A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4117367A (en) * 1974-05-13 1978-09-26 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure discharge lamp
DE3029824A1 (de) * 1980-08-06 1982-03-11 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Hochdruckentladungslampe
EP0115654A1 (en) * 1982-12-30 1984-08-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure sodium discharge lamp
US5369334A (en) * 1991-07-19 1994-11-29 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Flektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp with optimized discharge vessel
EP0715339A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1994-11-29 1996-06-19 Ushio Electric Inc
EP0751548A1 (en) * 1995-06-26 1997-01-02 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Mercury lamp of the short arc type and process for operation thereof
WO1997036311A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-10-02 Philips Electronics N.V. High pressure metal halide lamp
EP0858097A3 (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-10-07 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Mercury lamp of the short arc type
US5879159A (en) * 1996-12-24 1999-03-09 Ion Laser Technology, Inc. Portable high power arc lamp system and applications therefor
EP0917179A3 (de) * 1997-11-11 1999-05-26 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Elektrodenbauteil für Entladungslampen
EP1018133A4 (en) * 1997-09-25 2001-02-07 Fusion Lighting Inc SELENIUM LAMP WITH ELECTRODES
DE19951445C1 (de) * 1999-10-25 2001-07-19 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Quecksilber-Kurzbogenlampe
US6566814B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-05-20 Osram Sylvania Inc. Induction sealed high pressure lamp bulb
US20050236996A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2005-10-27 Arnd Ritz High-pressure gas discharge lamp
NL1032426C2 (nl) * 2005-09-02 2009-05-25 Sony Corp Elektrische ontladingselektrode met hoge spanning van het type met korte lichtboog, elektrische ontladingsbuis met hoge spanning van het type met korte lichtboog, elektrische ontladingslichtbroninrichting met hoge spanning van het type met korte lichtboog en werkwijzen voor het vervaardigen daarvan.
CN113755786A (zh) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-07 株式会社爱发科 电热丝的制造方法及制造装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL185478C (nl) * 1980-09-05 1990-04-17 Philips Nv Hogedruknatriumdampontladingslamp.
CA1214196A (en) * 1983-02-14 1986-11-18 Jack M. Strok Color rendition high pressure sodium arc tubes having an oxygen getter
JPS63199842A (ja) * 1987-02-14 1988-08-18 Toho Kinzoku Kk 電極材料
AU604126B2 (en) * 1987-06-11 1990-12-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba High intensity discharge lamp of the one side sealed type capable of compensating for the change of luminous efficiency caused by its different lighting angles and manufacturing method of the same

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304412A (en) * 1939-10-04 1942-12-08 Gen Electric Electric high pressure discharge lamp
US2682007A (en) * 1951-01-11 1954-06-22 Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co Compact type electrical discharge device
US2697183A (en) * 1950-10-16 1954-12-14 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High-pressure electric discharge lamp
US2720474A (en) * 1952-09-13 1955-10-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Coated electrodes for electron discharge devices
US2896107A (en) * 1957-02-06 1959-07-21 Engelhard Ind Inc Gaseous electric discharge lamp
US2965790A (en) * 1949-08-20 1960-12-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure gas lamp
US3061756A (en) * 1960-07-05 1962-10-30 Monsanto Chemicals Spark plug
US3168668A (en) * 1961-04-03 1965-02-02 Honeywell Inc High pressure mercury vapor lamp
US3232717A (en) * 1962-05-14 1966-02-01 Gen Motors Corp Uranium monocarbide thermionic emitters
US3405328A (en) * 1966-03-02 1968-10-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Incandescent lamp with a refractory metal carbide filament

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304412A (en) * 1939-10-04 1942-12-08 Gen Electric Electric high pressure discharge lamp
US2965790A (en) * 1949-08-20 1960-12-20 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High pressure gas lamp
US2697183A (en) * 1950-10-16 1954-12-14 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High-pressure electric discharge lamp
US2682007A (en) * 1951-01-11 1954-06-22 Hanovia Chemical & Mfg Co Compact type electrical discharge device
US2720474A (en) * 1952-09-13 1955-10-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Coated electrodes for electron discharge devices
US2896107A (en) * 1957-02-06 1959-07-21 Engelhard Ind Inc Gaseous electric discharge lamp
US3061756A (en) * 1960-07-05 1962-10-30 Monsanto Chemicals Spark plug
US3168668A (en) * 1961-04-03 1965-02-02 Honeywell Inc High pressure mercury vapor lamp
US3232717A (en) * 1962-05-14 1966-02-01 Gen Motors Corp Uranium monocarbide thermionic emitters
US3405328A (en) * 1966-03-02 1968-10-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Incandescent lamp with a refractory metal carbide filament

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4117367A (en) * 1974-05-13 1978-09-26 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure discharge lamp
DE3029824A1 (de) * 1980-08-06 1982-03-11 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Hochdruckentladungslampe
EP0115654A1 (en) * 1982-12-30 1984-08-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure sodium discharge lamp
US5369334A (en) * 1991-07-19 1994-11-29 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Flektrische Gluehlampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp with optimized discharge vessel
EP0715339A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1994-11-29 1996-06-19 Ushio Electric Inc
US5712530A (en) * 1994-11-29 1998-01-27 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Mercury lamp of the short arc type having an electrode terminal with tantalum thereon
EP0751548A1 (en) * 1995-06-26 1997-01-02 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Mercury lamp of the short arc type and process for operation thereof
WO1997036311A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-10-02 Philips Electronics N.V. High pressure metal halide lamp
US5879159A (en) * 1996-12-24 1999-03-09 Ion Laser Technology, Inc. Portable high power arc lamp system and applications therefor
US5977709A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-11-02 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Mercury lamp of the short arc type
EP0858097A3 (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-10-07 Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha Mercury lamp of the short arc type
EP1018133A4 (en) * 1997-09-25 2001-02-07 Fusion Lighting Inc SELENIUM LAMP WITH ELECTRODES
US6316875B1 (en) 1997-09-25 2001-11-13 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Electroded selenium lamp
EP0917179A3 (de) * 1997-11-11 1999-05-26 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Elektrodenbauteil für Entladungslampen
US6211615B1 (en) 1997-11-11 2001-04-03 Patent-Truehand-Gesellshaft Fuer Elektrische Gluelampen Mbh Powder metal electrode component for discharge lamps
DE19951445C1 (de) * 1999-10-25 2001-07-19 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Quecksilber-Kurzbogenlampe
US6369508B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2002-04-09 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Mercury short-arc lamp with niobium getter
NL1016483C2 (nl) * 1999-10-25 2004-12-30 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Kwikzilver-kortebooglamp.
US6566814B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-05-20 Osram Sylvania Inc. Induction sealed high pressure lamp bulb
US20050236996A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2005-10-27 Arnd Ritz High-pressure gas discharge lamp
US7453205B2 (en) * 2002-05-24 2008-11-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. High-pressure gas discharge lamp
NL1032426C2 (nl) * 2005-09-02 2009-05-25 Sony Corp Elektrische ontladingselektrode met hoge spanning van het type met korte lichtboog, elektrische ontladingsbuis met hoge spanning van het type met korte lichtboog, elektrische ontladingslichtbroninrichting met hoge spanning van het type met korte lichtboog en werkwijzen voor het vervaardigen daarvan.
CN113755786A (zh) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-07 株式会社爱发科 电热丝的制造方法及制造装置
CN113755786B (zh) * 2020-06-01 2024-03-22 株式会社爱发科 电热丝的制造方法及制造装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1764961A1 (de) 1972-01-13
GB1240778A (en) 1971-07-28
DE1764961B2 (de) 1977-05-12
FR2017924A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-22

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