US3620857A - Method of producing fine-crystalline cast charges with unoriented crystalline structure of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene or explosive compositions containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene - Google Patents
Method of producing fine-crystalline cast charges with unoriented crystalline structure of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene or explosive compositions containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3620857A US3620857A US817166A US3620857DA US3620857A US 3620857 A US3620857 A US 3620857A US 817166 A US817166 A US 817166A US 3620857D A US3620857D A US 3620857DA US 3620857 A US3620857 A US 3620857A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- trinitrotoluene
- cast
- hexanitrostilbene
- explosive
- melt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- -1 aromatic nitro compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 38
- YSIBQULRFXITSW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-2-[(e)-2-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ethenyl]benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1\C=C\C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O YSIBQULRFXITSW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZCSHACFHMFHFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1NC([N+]([O-])=O)NC([N+]([O-])=O)N1.CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZCSHACFHMFHFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- QLYNAAKKYUZEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexanitro-2-(2-phenylethenyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C1(C(C(CC(C1)([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] QLYNAAKKYUZEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZASQDXIJRKCNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentanitro-6-(1-nitro-2-phenylethyl)benzene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C=1C([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=1C([N+](=O)[O-])CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZASQDXIJRKCNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHJPTLWIOZRBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-2-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)sulfanylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O XHJPTLWIOZRBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVPNIFMTSBIODJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl)-(2,3,4,5,6-pentanitrophenyl)diazene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O LVPNIFMTSBIODJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJJRABFYHOHGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 OJJRABFYHOHGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHMMNVQXKFUCCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-2-(2-phenylethenyl)benzene Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 JHMMNVQXKFUCCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHMMNVQXKFUCCZ-VOTSOKGWSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-2-[(e)-2-phenylethenyl]benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JHMMNVQXKFUCCZ-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWCQJCLHGFZCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O IWCQJCLHGFZCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitronaphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNCOLFXNAWUADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C1(C(C(CC(C1)([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])CCC1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])C1(C(C(CC(C1)([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])CCC1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] WNCOLFXNAWUADU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBXVOQPAMPBADW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous acid;phenol Chemical class ON=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 RBXVOQPAMPBADW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/04—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
- C06B25/06—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with two or more nitrated aromatic compounds present
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/005—By a process involving melting at least part of the ingredients
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of producing finecrystalline cast charges of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene of explosive compositions containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with an unoriented crystalline structure which, consequently, has an increased resistance to cracking.
- 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene has been the most widely used explosive in cast charges for shells, bombs etc., owing to its suitable properties for this purpose, e.g., low impact sensitivity, good stability, ap limbate melting point and good fluidity in a melted condition.
- 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene can be used alone, but also with admixtures of e.g., a pulverized more violent explosive with a high melting point, whereby charges with an increased explosive effect are obtained.
- the trinitrotoluene explosive is melted, and is cast into e.g., a shell, where it is allowed to solidify into a solid charge.
- trinitrotoluene or explosive containing trinitrotoluene When casting trinitrotoluene or explosive containing trinitrotoluene, as a consequence of a too small number of crystal nuclei and a slow crystallization, a strongly oriented, coarse crystal structure is usually obtained.
- the trinitrotoluene normally crystallizes in the form of markedly needle-shaped crystals, with the longitudinal axis at right angles to the cooling surface. Nearest to this cooling surface there normally first arises a layer of fine needle-formed crystals, but at the further crystallization very coarse crystal needles are obtained. This type of crystallization results in a characteristic pattern of needle-formed straight lines from the periphery in towards the center, which can easily be noticed if a casting is sawed into two pieces.
- the crystals obtained are, indeed, not as coarse as those obtained in pure trinitrotoluene, but the oriented structure is nevertheless substantial also in this case. This can be observed by the presence of the characteristic pattern also in this case.
- the oriented structure of the trinitrotoluene involves considerable disadvantages in the cast charge; it will thus be less homogeneous, has lower density and less uniform sensitivity to initiation by detonators.
- the most inconvenient disadvantage is that since the crystals of the trinitrotoluene have an approx. four times higher coefficient of longitudinal expansion along the shortest axis than along the longest one, cracks arise between the crystals, parallel with the long axis, when the cast charge is cooling. This cracking is particularly inconvenient when making shell castings.
- the requirements for a cast shell charge are very stringent, particularly owing to the great acceleration that arises when the shell is fired through a gun barrel.
- the method of producing fineH-crystalline cast charges with an unoriented crystal structure of the trinitrotoluene of explosive compositions containing trinitrotoluene is characterized according to the present invention in that 2,2, 4,4, 6,6'-hexanitrostilbene is added to the melt from which the cast charge is made.
- the quantity of hexanitrostilbene added should amount to not more than 2 percent by weight counted on the quantity of trinitrotoluene used, and can appropriately be limited to 0.5 percent by weight.
- the composition containing trinitrotoluene and hexanitrostilbene should appropriately be heated to 95-l00 C.
- hexanitrostilbene In order to function, hexanitrostilbene must be present in the form of fixed particles in the molten trinitrotoluene. This is very easy to achieve, as the hexanitrostilbene dissolves only to approx. 0.2 percent by weight in molten trinitrotoluene at temperatures iust above 80 C. Molten trinitrotoluene to which hexanitrostilbene has been added causes super cooling before the crystallization to a much lower degree than trinitrotoluene without such an additive. In a motionless melt, for instance in a shell where the cooling takes place from the wall and bottom of the shell, crystals begin to grow simultaneously from a large number of nuclei.
- a relatively thick moving zone is obtained within which the crystallization takes place (endogenous crystallization and thus not only a growing on of crystals along a layer parallel with the cooling surface (exogenous crystallization), and the unoriented crystal structure desired is obtained and, accordingly, also the higher degree of freedom from cracking.
- Hexanitrostilbene differs in the present respect radically from the closely related compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrostilbene and substituted 2,4,6-trinitrostilbenes, which cannot form nuclei for the trinitrotoluene. On the contrary, they have a great capability of preventing the formation of nuclei in trinitrotoluene, and also retard the crystallization speed of the trinitrotoluene and causes supercooling phenomena.
- EXAMPLE 2 A mixture of 99.7 parts by weight of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 0.3 arts by weight of pulverized but not particularly finegrained hexanitrostilbene was heated to 100 C. while stirring. rom the melt obtained, through an entirely conventional procedure, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene flakes were thereafter produced. These 2,4,6trinitrotoluene flakes were thereafter melted at a temperature of approx. 84 C. and cast in a shell body, and for this melting at 84 C. and the subsequent casting a time of approx. 2 hours was used. The corresponding heating to 100 C. while stirring, transferring into flakes and renewed melting at 84 C.
- EXAMPLE 3 A mixture of 99.4 parts by weight of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 0.3 parts by weight of hexanitrostilbene and 0.3 by weight of trinitrobenzene was heated while stirring to 100 C. and from this melt there was subsequently made, through a previously known granulating procedure (see e.g. Swedish Pat. No. 158,663) adding cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (hexogen) and wax, a granulated hexotol with the composition 60 percent cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, 39 percent 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (containing hexanitrostilbene and trinitrobenzene) and 1 percent wax.
- a previously known granulating procedure see e.g. Swedish Pat. No. 158,663
- adding cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (hexogen) and wax a granulated hexotol with the composition 60 percent cyclotrimethylene trinitr
- a method for producing cast charges containing 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene, said 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene having an unoriented crystal structure which comprises adding 2,2, 4,4, 6,6-hexanitorstilbene to the melt from which the cast charge is made.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE5627/68A SE317613B (de) | 1968-04-26 | 1968-04-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3620857A true US3620857A (en) | 1971-11-16 |
Family
ID=20266863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US817166A Expired - Lifetime US3620857A (en) | 1968-04-26 | 1969-04-17 | Method of producing fine-crystalline cast charges with unoriented crystalline structure of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene or explosive compositions containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3620857A (de) |
| BE (1) | BE732130A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH513781A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1919217A1 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI47984C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2007049A1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1249038A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL141486B (de) |
| NO (1) | NO119464B (de) |
| SE (1) | SE317613B (de) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3766820A (en) * | 1971-08-23 | 1973-10-23 | Us Army | Apparatus for continuous melt-pour of high explosives |
| US3994756A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1976-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Castable composite explosive compositions containing a mixture of trinitrobenzene and trinitroxylene |
| US5431756A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1995-07-11 | Mach I, Inc. | Method and composition for melt cast explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics |
| US6648998B2 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2003-11-18 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reduced sensitivity melt-cast explosives |
| US6964714B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2005-11-15 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tritonal replacements |
| US7067024B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2006-06-27 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable TNT replacements |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4284442A (en) | 1978-03-13 | 1981-08-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Castable TNT compositions containing a broad spectrum preformed thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer additive |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3379585A (en) * | 1951-01-12 | 1968-04-23 | Atomic Energy Commission Usa | Cast explosives comprising cyclotrimethylene trinitramine and nitrotoluenes |
-
1968
- 1968-04-26 SE SE5627/68A patent/SE317613B/xx unknown
-
1969
- 1969-04-16 DE DE19691919217 patent/DE1919217A1/de active Pending
- 1969-04-17 US US817166A patent/US3620857A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-04-21 CH CH599369A patent/CH513781A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-04-22 GB GB20499/69A patent/GB1249038A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-04-25 FI FI691232A patent/FI47984C/fi active
- 1969-04-25 FR FR6913262A patent/FR2007049A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-04-25 BE BE732130D patent/BE732130A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-04-25 NL NL696906471A patent/NL141486B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-04-25 NO NO1732/69A patent/NO119464B/no unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3379585A (en) * | 1951-01-12 | 1968-04-23 | Atomic Energy Commission Usa | Cast explosives comprising cyclotrimethylene trinitramine and nitrotoluenes |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3766820A (en) * | 1971-08-23 | 1973-10-23 | Us Army | Apparatus for continuous melt-pour of high explosives |
| US3994756A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1976-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Castable composite explosive compositions containing a mixture of trinitrobenzene and trinitroxylene |
| US5431756A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1995-07-11 | Mach I, Inc. | Method and composition for melt cast explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics |
| US6648998B2 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2003-11-18 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reduced sensitivity melt-cast explosives |
| US20040129356A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2004-07-08 | Doll Daniel W. | Reduced sensitivity melt-cast explosives |
| US20050230019A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2005-10-20 | Doll Daniel W | Reduced sensitivity melt-cast explosives |
| US6964714B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2005-11-15 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable tritonal replacements |
| US7067024B2 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2006-06-27 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Reduced sensitivity, melt-pourable TNT replacements |
| US20080099112A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2008-05-01 | Doll Daniel W | Reduced sensitivity melt-pourable Tritonal replacements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE732130A (de) | 1969-10-01 |
| FI47984C (fi) | 1974-05-10 |
| GB1249038A (en) | 1971-10-06 |
| NO119464B (de) | 1970-05-19 |
| NL141486B (nl) | 1974-03-15 |
| SE317613B (de) | 1969-11-17 |
| CH513781A (de) | 1971-10-15 |
| FI47984B (de) | 1974-01-31 |
| DE1919217A1 (de) | 1970-05-14 |
| FR2007049A1 (de) | 1970-01-02 |
| NL6906471A (de) | 1969-10-28 |
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