US3617436A - Process for controlling chrysosporium lignorum in lignocellulosic material - Google Patents

Process for controlling chrysosporium lignorum in lignocellulosic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3617436A
US3617436A US743964A US3617436DA US3617436A US 3617436 A US3617436 A US 3617436A US 743964 A US743964 A US 743964A US 3617436D A US3617436D A US 3617436DA US 3617436 A US3617436 A US 3617436A
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nickel
wood
accordance
chips
compound
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Anders Assarsson
Thomas Nilsson
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Mo och Domsjo AB
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Mo och Domsjo AB
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
    • Y10S162/12—Seasoning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/80—Elimination or reduction of contamination by undersired ferments, e.g. aseptic cultivation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the control in wood particle piles of the deleterious action of rotand slime-producing micro organisms on lignocellulosic materials, and particularly the control of the mold fungus Chrysosporium lignorum, using a nickel compound.
  • Wood-processing plants have insatiable appetites for wood, and therefore it is necessary to keep large supplies of raw wood in the form of logs, chips, and timber on hand, to keep the plant operating at times when wood may be in short supply, or hard to cut and ship. Since indoor storage is costly, the supplies are kept outdoors, and can be stored for long periods of time before they can be processed. The processed wood may also have to be stored for long periods, due to variable market demand, and shipping conditions. During such storage, the wood is subject to attack from micro organisms. The longer the wood has to be stored, the more serious the deterioration of the wood, due to microbiological actlon.
  • Fiberboardand pulp-processing plants also have to store their raw material, naked or bark-covered wood chips, outdoors in huge piles for long periods of time.
  • the chips thus have a much lower resin content, and pitch problems in the mill and resin problems in the pulp are avoided.
  • Bark-containing chips are most subject to rot attack when stacked in tightly packed areas as in chip piles, where temperatures in the interior of the pile can reach relatively high levels, of almost 100 C., because of heat liberated in the course of chemical oxidation reactions accompanying microbiological attack by thermophilic fungi.
  • the storage of wood chips presents a special problem from the aspect of deterioration of the wood, since wood decomposition is most prevalent in wood chip piles in which the highest temperatures are generated, and which contain a relatively high percentage of moisture, and
  • Microbiological attack is of two general types (a) attack on the lignocellulosic molecule, which in effect decomposes the wood, and (b) attack on the wood extractives, which are discarded anyway in the wood processing. Rot fungi are in the first category.
  • Certain micro organisms for instance, certain mold fungi, lack the ability to reduce the polymeric carbohydrates of the lignocellulosic molecule, and instead attack the extractive materials and low molecular carbohydrates of the lignocellulosic material as their nutrient source. They also complete by antibiosis with the harmful rot fungi, and in this way actually assist in preventing deterioration of the cellulose.
  • the storage of wood and particularly wood chips usually envisions a period of time that permits the desiredattack by micro organisms to a certain extent, but without exceeding the storage period desirable for this deterioration, so as to avoid the loss of wood due to deterioration because of the attack of the harmful micro organisms.
  • Chip piles provide particularly favorable development conditions for this fungus, because of the temperature and the moist conditions.
  • the other most harmful micro organisms are primarily different types of known rot fungi, such as Stereum hirsutum and Poria ambiqua.
  • Blue-stain-producing micro organisms such as Scytalidium Iignicolumn, Scytalidium album, etc. do not destroy wood to the same extent as the harmful micro organisms, but they do discolor the wood, which influences the brightness of the unbleached sulfite pulp.
  • Mold fungi which are not in the category of harmful fungi because their attack can be useful in preparing the wood chips for processing include Gliocladium viride, Spororrirhum rhumophile, Penicillium cylindrosporum, Aspergillusfumigalus, Al- Iescheria terresm's, Trichoderma lignorum, Gliocladium deliquescens, Gliocladium roseum, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium rubrum, Penicillium roqueforri, Humicola slellara, Humicola insolens, Humicola Ianquinosa, Talaromyces duponri, Thermoascus auranliacus, Mucar pusillus, Mucor miehi, Malbranchella pulchella, Myriocaccum albomyces, Torula thermophila, Chaelomium thermophile, Stilbella tlr
  • nickelic nickel i.e., Ni.
  • Nickelous compounds may also be effective, especially if under the conditions of storage nickelous nickel can be oxidized to nickelic nickel.
  • the nickel compound supply nickel in an available form, in which it can react and affect the micro organisms.
  • the nickel compound be soluble in the liquids that are present on or in the wood.
  • Such liquids are aqueous, for the most part, and consequently the nickel compound is preferably water soluble.
  • these fluids can in some cases be acidic or alkaline, depending upon the nature of the wood and other conditions. and therefore the nickel compound is preferably one that is soluble in such media, if they are present.
  • nickel compounds which are soluble in polar solvents of an organic or inorganic type, such as a]- cohols, ketones, esters, halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • aqueous solutions of nickel compounds are less costly, and are, preferred for treatment of the lignocellulosic material.
  • any nickel compound can be used as a source of'available nickel, whether inorganic or organic.
  • soluble it is meant that the nickel compound is soluble in the fluid, such as water, in an amount of at least 0.0001 g./cc. and preferably, at least 0.01 g./cc.
  • the nickel compound should be io'nizable, and furnish a sufficient concentration of nickel ion to the liquorto be toxic to Chrysosporium lignorum and any other organisms to be controlled.
  • the concentration of the nickel need not be high; the micro organisms are apparently inhibited by very small amounts of nickel in solution; a concentration of as little as 0.0001 g./cc. is effective to some extent.
  • nickel compounds in which the nickel is solubilized by virtue of fonnation of a slightly ionized nickel complex with some other substances can be used, even if the nickel is ionized only rather insignificantly in such complexes.
  • Nickel ammonia and nickel cyanide complexes are'exemplary.
  • Such complexes can be formed with other fungicidal metals, such as copper, tin and manganese, if desired, so as to impart to the fungicidal compositions the activity of such elements as well.
  • nickel compound there can be used finely divided metallic nickel (which can be solubilized and dissolved in an acidic or alkaline liquor, as the hydroxide or some salt form or soluble complex), inorganic nickel compounds, such as nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel carbonate, nickel cyanide, nickel ammonium sulfate, nickel nitrite, nickel bromide, nickel fluoride, nickel iodide, nickel bicarbonate, nickel hydroxide, nickel oxide, nickel ferrocyanide, diacrotetramine nickel nitrate, Ni(Nl*i;,),,(l-i O) (N nickel sulfite, nickel bromate, nickel bromide hexamine NiBr 6NH nickel perchlorate, nickel hexamine chloride NiCl 6NH nickel acid fluoride, nickel fluosilicate, and nickel hypophosphite, as well as organic nickel compounds, such as nickel fonnate, nickel acetate, nickel dimethyl
  • the nickel compound can be applied to the wood particles by any desired technique.
  • a solution of the nickel compound in water or an organic solvent can be employed.
  • Such a solution can be sprayed, brushed, painted or coated on the wood particles or the wood particles can be dipped or immersed or floated in such a solution.
  • the most convenient method of application is by adding a solution of the nickel compound to the wood chips while they are in the transport line before distribution on the pile.
  • the amount of nickel compound that is applied will depend upon the desired degree of control of the activity of the micro organisms. For optimum control of the harmful Chrysosporium lignorum and rot fungi, and minimum interference with the desirable action of the helpful micro organisms, the amount of nickel calculated as Ni provided by the compound should be within the range from about to about 5,000 milligrams per kilogram of lignocellulosic material. Preferably, the amount of nickel compound provides an amount of nickel within the range from about to about [00 milligrams per kilogram.
  • the process of the invention is applicable to any kind of lignocellulosic material in particulate form, including both natural or bark-containing and debarked; sticks, kindling, wood chips, sawdust, wood flour, splinters, and other types of wood particles, cellulose pulp, prepared either by the sulfate or sulfite process, or any other form of chemical processing,
  • Lignocellulosic material derived from any kind of wood can be treated, including lignocellulosic material from pine, spruce, fir, birch, beech, cedar, aspen, cypress, oak, maple, eucalyptus, gum, sycamore, cherry, mahogany, teak, and locust.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Colonies of harmful wood-decomposing micro organisms were cultivated using four different forms of wood as nutrient carbon sources, and the toxicity thereto of different nickel compounds was determined, using the following test procedure.
  • the wood sample was mixed with water containing sterilized agar-agar, after which the mixture was transferred to glass containers 10 cm. in diameter to form plates 5 mm. thick.
  • agar-agar plates were prepared containing (l) finely ground pinewood; (2) powdered pinewood (holocellulose) from which the lignin had been removed by oxidation with sodium chlorite; (3) chlorite-oxidized powdered pinewood, which had been extracted with 5 percent potassium hydroxide solution, then neutralized with acetic acid, and precipitated with ethanol, separated and washed (hemicellulose); (4) Bjiirkman-lignin, a pure lignin produced according to special standardized methods. Svensk Papperstidning, 59 No. 13, pp.477-485 (1956). The amount of wood as a carbon source in each agar-agar plate was l25 mg. Control plates of each type were reserved, and nickel compound then applied to the other plates in the form of an aqueous solution containing nutrient salts in such a quantity that the concentration of nickel in each case was 45 parts per million.
  • the nutrient salt composition was as follows:
  • the degree of inhibition of the micro organisms in the test plates was evaluated as a percentage of the growth after the same period of time of the untreated micro organisms in the control plates, to which the same nutrient salt solution was added but with no nickel compound.
  • the radii of the respective growths was compared, as the measure of growth. The growth was in all cases less in the agar-agar plates treated with nickel-containing solutions.
  • the results obtained with the various test organisms are set out in table I.
  • the blue-stain-producing fungi was also inhibited to a certain extent. These, however, are not as harmful as Chrysasporium Iignorum.
  • Example 1 was repeated, using exactly the same test procedure, with finely ground pine wood in agar-agar. Several nickel compounds were employed, as noted in table ii. The degree of inhibition of the various test organisms is set out in the table:
  • EXAMPLE 3 Tests were carried out to determine the amount of loss of wood materials in spruce chips and birch chips inoculated with different wood-decomposing organisms, when controlled using various amounts of nickel sulfate, compared with certain known fungicides.
  • the loss in weight of the wood chips was used as the measure of the amount of deterioration or decomposition of the wood.
  • the application of the test fungicide was by way of immersion of the chips in solutions thereof at different concentrations. The surplus solution was allowed to drain off, and the chips were then stored.
  • the organisms inoculated were Chrysosporium lignorum, Srereum hirsutum and Poria ambiqua. The results are given in table Ill.
  • nickel sulfate is virtually as effective as mercuri ehloride, in obtaining complete inhibition of each of these deleterious micro organisms, when a sufiicient amount is applied to the wood.
  • mercuric chloride is poisonous, and its use is restricted for safety reasons, whereas TABLE II Inhibiting effect in percent Nickel Nickel Nickel dimethyl Nickel Nickel Mold fungi Blue stain-producing fungi sulphate oieate glyoxime chloride nitrate Chrysosporium lignorum, D 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Gliocladium viride, ND 60 80 65 60 65 Scytaldr lrcum, D 25 25 25 Scutaldiu'm a m, D 85 85 90 90 85 eacem, ND 95 95 95 95 95 05 Dnctulomyces thermophilua, 90 90 90 90 90 90 Rhizopus arrhizus, ND...
  • Chrysosparium lignorum was completely controlled. This is the most harmful of the micro organisms in wood chip piles, and it means that the uniform quality of the wood chips during 5 long periods of storage can now be maintained, by application of the process of the invention.
  • the nickel compound is not poisonous and therefore can be used freely. Neither the copper sulfate nor the sodium pentachlorophenolate in the very large concentrations used was able to give complete control of these micro organisms.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Newly chopped fresh spruce chips was treated by spraying with 200 parts per million of nickel sulfate and sodium pentachlorophenolate. One untreated portion was reserved as a control. All of the chips were then stored in plastic bags in an oven for 3 months to simulate the conditions existing in chip storage stacks. The oven temperature was held at 40 C. throughout the test period.
  • Norm-D Deleterlous um pentachlorophenolate contained Erne 7 Chrysosporium lignorum; it was nofftiii'y'ihhibiteij in the case ofthe nickelsulfate-treated chips.
  • the temperature rose rapidly to 35 C., and was constant for 2 weeks. The temperature then fell, but remained above that of the surroundings for the remaining test period.
  • the Gliocladium spores content was higher than in the nickeltre ated pile, but the microflora were essentially the same for the two piles treated with nickel sulfate, with and without the Gliocladium spores. This shows that the nickel was effective in controlling the growth of the flora in both these piles.
  • the loss of wood substances for the untreated wood chips lay between 4.5 and 6.5 percent, whereas the loss of wood in the case of chips treated with nickel was 2.2 to 4.5 percent.
  • the weight losses in the case of the wood treated with nickel sulfate were reduced by more than 50 percent.
  • Nickel in the waste liquor tested up to 40 ppm. did not affect the fermentability of the liquor to alcohol, nor did it have any deleterious effect in the purification of waste water by the activated sludge process.
  • Example 6 A pile of bark-containing pine and spruce chips was built during the summer in a fiberboard-manufacturing plant. The chips were treated in blowlines with nickel sulfate at a concentration of 200 ppm. by weight of the dry wood. The temperature in the pile rose rapidly to from 55 to 60 C.. and remained at this level until autumn, when the temperature of the pile began to fall. During the winter, the temperature within the pile became stable at between 20 to 30 C. whereas in previous winters when untreated chips were stored under like conditions the temperature rose to between 65 to C. On the other hand, the freezing of the treated chips was no greater in the case of the untreated chips.
  • Sample sacks containing weighed chip samples showed a loss in wood after 8 months storage of 3 percent.
  • the corresponding loss of wood for untreated chips having the same bark content was from 10 to 15 percent.
  • a process for the control of the growth in wood particles of the mold fungus Chrysosporium lignorum, without appreciably diminishing the desirable attack by nondeleterious mold fungi which comprises treating the wood particles with a nickel compound that supplies nickel in available or soluble form, and storing the treated wood particles under conditions favoring the desirable attack by nondeleterious mold fungi, whereby such attack proceeds while growth of Chrysosporium lignorum is substantially inhibited by the nickel compound.
  • Wood particles in accordance with claim 11 in the form of cellulose pulp in the form of cellulose pulp.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US743964A 1967-07-18 1968-07-11 Process for controlling chrysosporium lignorum in lignocellulosic material Expired - Lifetime US3617436A (en)

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SE10667/67*#A SE328688B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-07-18 1967-07-18

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US (1) US3617436A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5438170B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT290827B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE718215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1767910C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI53330C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1564210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1214068A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO123364B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE328688B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3962033A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-06-08 Svenska Traforskningsinstitutet And Skogshogskolan Method for producing cellulose pulp
FR2368537A1 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Gen Electric Procede de degradation de la lignocellulose
FR2368536A1 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Gen Electric Procede de pretraitement biologique des materiaux lignocellulosiques
US4597940A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-07-01 Haeger Bror O Preservative treatment of wood
US5460697A (en) * 1992-10-09 1995-10-24 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method of pulping wood chips with a fungi using sulfite salt-treated wood chips
WO2001079339A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Chemical Specialities, Inc. Dimensionally stable wood composites and methods for making them
US6379948B1 (en) * 1993-07-28 2002-04-30 Nippon Seishi Kabushiki Kaisha Microbe SKB-1152 strain, and method of bleaching pulp therewith
CN114736813A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-07-12 云南菌视界生物科技有限公司 内圈毛韧革菌的分离培养方法及应用

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486969A (en) * 1965-07-20 1969-12-30 Mo Och Domsjoe Ab Process for the treating of wood chips with fungi to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of the resinous components
US3493464A (en) * 1968-08-21 1970-02-03 Mosinee Paper Mills Co Fungus-resistant paper containing metallic quinolinolate formed in situ and process thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486969A (en) * 1965-07-20 1969-12-30 Mo Och Domsjoe Ab Process for the treating of wood chips with fungi to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of the resinous components
US3493464A (en) * 1968-08-21 1970-02-03 Mosinee Paper Mills Co Fungus-resistant paper containing metallic quinolinolate formed in situ and process thereof

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3962033A (en) * 1973-04-16 1976-06-08 Svenska Traforskningsinstitutet And Skogshogskolan Method for producing cellulose pulp
FR2368537A1 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Gen Electric Procede de degradation de la lignocellulose
FR2368536A1 (fr) * 1976-10-20 1978-05-19 Gen Electric Procede de pretraitement biologique des materiaux lignocellulosiques
US4597940A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-07-01 Haeger Bror O Preservative treatment of wood
US5460697A (en) * 1992-10-09 1995-10-24 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method of pulping wood chips with a fungi using sulfite salt-treated wood chips
US6379948B1 (en) * 1993-07-28 2002-04-30 Nippon Seishi Kabushiki Kaisha Microbe SKB-1152 strain, and method of bleaching pulp therewith
WO2001079339A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Chemical Specialities, Inc. Dimensionally stable wood composites and methods for making them
US6569540B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-05-27 Chemical Specialties, Inc. Dimensionally stable wood composites and methods for making them
CN114736813A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-07-12 云南菌视界生物科技有限公司 内圈毛韧革菌的分离培养方法及应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO123364B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-01
JPS5438170B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-11-19
FI53330B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-12-30
BE718215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-12-31
FI53330C (fi) 1978-04-10
SE328688B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-21
DE1767910A1 (de) 1972-02-17
FR1564210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-04-18
GB1214068A (en) 1970-12-02
DE1767910B2 (de) 1973-06-14
AT290827B (de) 1971-06-25
DE1767910C3 (de) 1974-01-10

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