US3615309A - Armored metal tools - Google Patents

Armored metal tools Download PDF

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US3615309A
US3615309A US704170A US3615309DA US3615309A US 3615309 A US3615309 A US 3615309A US 704170 A US704170 A US 704170A US 3615309D A US3615309D A US 3615309DA US 3615309 A US3615309 A US 3615309A
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Prior art keywords
metal
inch
armored
base
abrasive particles
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Chester H Dawson
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Remgrit Corp
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Remington Arms Co LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/12—Saw-blades or saw-discs specially adapted for working stone
    • B28D1/127—Straight, i.e. flat, saw blades; strap saw blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
    • B23D61/12—Straight saw blades; Strap saw blades
    • B23D61/127—Straight saw blades; Strap saw blades of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D65/00—Making tools for sawing machines or sawing devices for use in cutting any kind of material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

Definitions

  • Armored metal tools having a hard wearing, ductile, abrasive coating produced in situ from powdered matrix metal particles and abrasive particles of hard, high melting material, said tools comprising a structural base composed ofa base metal, at least a portion of the surface of which is covered with a relatively thin, adherent and homogeneous layer of substantially uniform thickness, of said metal powders fusion bonded to each other and to said base metal and alloyed with said base metal throughout an i'nterlayer between said base metal and coating layer, said coating layer of said fusion bonded metal powders having embedded therein and projecting from the surface thereof, a multiplicity of said abrasive particles forming projecting cutting edges and being composed of material selected from the group consisting of diamond substitute materials, such as metal carbides, borides, nitrides or silicides or mixtures thereof, said base metal being optionally
  • This invention pertains to improved armored metal tools and the production thereof, said tools having a hard wearing, ductile, abrasive coating produced in situ from powdered metal particles of a hard, refractory brazing or matrix metal alloy, such as nickel-base or cobalt-base alloys, and abrasive particles of hard, high melting material, such as metal carbides or equivalent diamond substitute materials, said tool comprising a structural base composed of a base metal, such as steel, alloy steel, etc., at least a portion of the surface of which is covered with a relatively thin, adherent and homogeneous layer of substantially uniform thickness, of said matrix metal powders fusion bonded to each other and to said base metal and alloyed or interdiffused with said base metal throughout an interlayer between said base metal and said matrix metal layer, said layer of said fusion bonded matrix metal powders having embedded therein and projecting from the surface thereof, a multiplicity of said abrasive particles to provide sharp cutting edges for cutting or abrading applications.
  • These improved tools may take the form of saws, files, rasps, sanding discs, abrasive sheets, and the like. All are characterized by a myriad of relatively small individual cutting teeth provided with exposed sharp edges of particles of diamond substitute materials, such as hard, refractory metal carbides, borides, nitrides and silicides.
  • the cutting particles are supported from a metallic base, usually a heat treatable ferrous base metal or alloy, by a matrix of hard, refractory alloy, such as cobalt-base or nickel-base alloys, containing substantial amounts of one or more of chromium, tungsten, boron and silicon, which alloys are capable of wetting the surface of and metallurgically bonding to the cutting particles, and also capable of alloying by fusion with or diffusion into the surface layers of the underlying base metal and vice versa.
  • a metallic base usually a heat treatable ferrous base metal or alloy
  • a matrix of hard, refractory alloy such as cobalt-base or nickel-base alloys, containing substantial amounts of one or more of chromium, tungsten, boron and silicon, which alloys are capable of wetting the surface of and metallurgically bonding to the cutting particles, and also capable of alloying by fusion with or diffusion into the surface layers of the underlying base metal and vice versa.
  • the refractory alloy is also one which melts only at temperatures well above the upper transformation point of the base metal, such that the base can be heat treated by conventional techniques as by heating, quenching and tempering to develop desired combinations of strength, hardness and ductility, without affecting the ability of the matrix tenaciously to retain the cutting particles.
  • the thickness of the matrix metal layer preferably does not exceed about onehalf to two-thirds the average transverse dimensions of said abrasive particles, whereby said abrasive particles project beyond said layer to an average extent of at least about one-third to one-half their average transverse dimensions, as shown by the measurements and etched sections hereinafter presented and discussed.
  • the invention is directed in one of its aspects to improved saws and more especially band saws and band saw strip stock, and to the production thereof, said saws and saw stock being characterized by the application of armoring coatings of the character aforesaid to at least one edge and'contiguous surface portions to form a cutting edge in which the cutting action is performed by the abrasive particles.
  • the strip is preferably blanked out or gulleted at equispaced intervals to provide cutting teeth between the gullets, the teeth being armored in accordance with the invention.
  • the gullets may be omitted and the armoring applied continuously or intermittently along the cutting edge, as hereinafter described in detail.
  • the tool base comprised of the base metal may first be coated over a selected surface area with an admixture of a suitable paste flux adhesive in admixture with the brazing metal powders in appropriate proportions, or alternatively a coating of the paste flux adhesive alone may first be applied and an overcoating of the brazing metal powders next applied.
  • a further overcoating of the abrasive metal particles following which the coated surface is dried and the tool subjected preferably to high frequency electrical induction heating to temperature such as to fusion bond the matrix metal powders to one another and to the base metal, as to the latter by alloying therewith, and also partially to embed the abrasive metal particles therein.
  • the tool is subjected to a cooling treatment to solidify the matrix metal layer thus permanently to embed the abrasive metal particles therein and to produce a solid state alloying layer between the matrix and base metals, thus permanently bonding the two together. Without interfering with the bonding of the matrix metal the cooling may be rapid enough to constitute quenching as part of the heat treatment of the base metal.
  • the paste flux adhesive employed. must be such as to leave no residuum of unabsorbed material in the armor coating as this weakens the structure.
  • the preferred paste flux adhesive is such as volatilizes in part on heating the tool to the brazing temperature and leaves a residuum which interdiffuses or alloys with the brazing and base metals.
  • paste flux adhesives of this character include those of boride-fluoride or organic base types. Silicate containing fluxes are undesirable because they leave a residuum of silica or silicates in the matrix metal layer, which weakens the armoring.
  • the base metal of the tool is preferably such as to be heat treatable to high hardness after heating to the brazing temperature of the matrix metal as by air cooling or more drastically quenching therefrom depending on the base metal employed, following which the tool may be tempered to a desired combination of lower hardness and ductility.
  • Such metals include principally the ferritic steels and steel alloys.
  • the coating technique be so controlled that the abrasive particles are only partially embedded in the matrix metal layer and thus protrude beyond the same to form a myriad of sharp cutting edges.
  • This may be accomplished by applying a relatively thin coating of the matrix metal powders, by employing a particle size for the matrix metal powders which is considerably less than that of the abrasive particles, and/or by superimposing the coating layer of abrasive particles on top of the coating layer of matrix metal powders.
  • FIG. l is an enlarged plan view of .a portion of a band saw strip stock with arcuate gullets punched therein, while FIG. 2 is a similar view with somewhat elongated gullets punched therein.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the gulleted hand saw strip stock after armoring coating has been applied, while FIG. 1 is an enlarged plan view of one of the armored teeth of the FIG. 3 showing.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are plan views corresponding to FIG. 1, but wherein no gullets are cut into the band saw strip stock prior to armoring.
  • the armoring is applied continuously along one edge of the strip stock, while in FIG. 6, it is applied intermittently at spaced intervals therealong.
  • FIG. 7 is a more or less diagrammatic showing in perspective illustrative of an apparatus and method for applying an armoring coating to an edge of the band saw strip stock, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention wherein the paste flux adhesive and brazing metal powders are premixed prior to application to the base metal strip stock and applied as a first coating thereto followed by overcoating with the abrasive particles.
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through an induction heating coil and subsequent controlled atmosphere, rapid cooling unit apparatus employed in the FIG. 7 sequence for purposes and in the manner described below.
  • FIG. 9 is a more or less diagrammatic fragmentary showing in perspective illustrative of a method and apparatus for applying an armoring coating to an edge of the band saw strip stock in accordance with another embodiment of the invention wherein the paste flux adhesive and brazing metal powders are separately and successively applied as coatings to the strip stock followed by overcoating with the abrasive particles.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a vibratory feeder operating on the principle of a Syntron vibrator, but of novel, spiral construction and which is employed in the apparatus sequences of FIGS. 7 and 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a view of a polished and etched section at about 40:1 magnification of gulleted, armored band saw strip stock, as taken longitudinally thereof, and as produced by the method of the FIG. 7 sequence wherein the paste flux and brazing metal powders are premixed prior to application to the strip stock base metal.
  • FIG. 12 is a view of a polished and etched section at about 40:] magnification of gulleted, armored band saw strip stock, as taken transversely through one of the armored teeth thereof, ,and as produced by the method of the FIG. 9 sequence, wherein the paste flux and brazing metal powders are separately applied to the strip stock base metal.
  • the band saw strip stock 10 comprising, for example, a suitable grade of heat treatable alloy steel, such for example as SAE 6150 of approximate analysis 0.5% C, 0.8% Mn, 0.25% Si, 1% Cr, 0.15% V, balance Fe, is first gullet punched along one edge, as at 11, to punch out areuately or elongated shaped gullets at equally spaced intervals, as at 12 and 12a. After the strip stock has been gulleted, it is wire brushed on both sides and thence grit blasted to remove any burrs produced along the gullet edges as a result of the punching operation.
  • SAE 6150 of approximate analysis 0.5% C, 0.8% Mn, 0.25% Si, 1% Cr, 0.15% V, balance Fe
  • the band saw strip stock 10, as thus prepared, is now ready for application to the gulleted edge, of a protective armoring coating as above generally described, and which preferably is accomplished by means of the method and apparatus sequence shown in FIG. 7.
  • the blanked strip 10 is fed progressively from a reel 50 thereof, and in vertically disposed position with reference to its height with the blanked edge at the top, first through a guide 51 and then beneath a feed roll 55 of an applicator unit 52 for applying to the upper edge of the strip a coating comprising an admixture of paste flux and brazing metal powders contained in a reservoir 53 and transferred thence to roll 55 via pickup and transfer rolls 54 and 54a, respectively.
  • a suitable paste flux for this purpose is that put out by Wall Colmonoy Corporation, Detroit, Michigan, under the designation Nicrobraz Flux," as suitably thinned with water,and which is a boride-fluoride flux.
  • an organic adhesive may be employed as described in my above mentioned US. Pat. Nos. 3,024,128 and 3,023,490.
  • Suitable brazing metal powders for admixture with the paste flux are powdered, hard, refractory alloys, such as nickel-base or cobalt-base alloys, capable of providing a matrix metal which wets the surface of and bonds to the tungsten carbide or other diamond substitute particles and also which fusion bonds to or alloys with the metallic base.
  • Suitable such alloys are the cobalt-base or nickel-base alloys, such as the cobaltchromium-tungsten Stellite" alloys or the nickel-base alloys put out by the aforesaid Wall Colmonoy Corporation under the designation Nierobraz.
  • a preferred such alloy is that put out by said company as LM Nicrobraz" comprising an alloy consisting of about 13.5% Cr, 3.5% B, 4.5% Si, 2.5% Fe, 0.15% C and the balance Ni.
  • the strip as thus coated along its upper edge with the aforesaid admixture of flux paste and brazing metal powders, is now fed beneath the discharge lip 56, of an electromagnetically actuated vibratory feeder 57 of spiral construction.
  • This unit referring to FIG. 10 is vibrated at high frequency by conventional means (not shown) enclosed in the base housing 57a.
  • the spiral trough 58 of the vibrating unit contains a mass of diamond substitute abrasive particles 58a, which by virtue of the vibration of the unit, are fed upwardly along the spiral trough 58 and discharge over the discharge lip 56 thereof in a thin layer which falls as a curtain of the powdered particles transversely across the upper edge of the strip 10, as at 5611.
  • a thin layer of the abrasive particles is thus deposited as an overcoating onto the coated upper edge of the strip, as limited, however, to the extent of the adherence of the carbide particles to said coated surfaces.
  • the nonadhering excess of the particles fall into a return trough 56!) which discharges these particles into a reservoir 56c thereof at the base of the spiral feed of the vibrator unit.
  • the strip is fed thence past an inspection station 59 consisting of an illuminated magnifying system 60 used in conjunction with a mirror 61 for inspection and quality control of the coated strip edge.
  • the mirror is set at an angle of about 45 to the vertical so that an observer may observe both the back as well as the front surfaces of the strip.
  • the coated strip is passed through a wiper assembly 62 comprising a pair of wipers 63, 64, mounted on an angle member 65 having a vertical slot therein as shown and carried by a second angle member 66 having threaded thereon a wing nut 67 for vertical adjustment of the wiper assembly.
  • the strip is fed next past an air blast unit 70, consisting cs sentially of a pair of nozzles 71, 72, adjustably positionable for blowing air at relatively low pressure against opposite sides of the strip below the coated edge thereof for removing loose tungsten carbide particles that may be deposited in the gullets or loosely adhering to the strip at this stage.
  • an air blast unit 70 consisting cs sentially of a pair of nozzles 71, 72, adjustably positionable for blowing air at relatively low pressure against opposite sides of the strip below the coated edge thereof for removing loose tungsten carbide particles that may be deposited in the gullets or loosely adhering to the strip at this stage.
  • the strip passes to a drive unit 73 and between a pair of pinch rolls 74, 75 thereat, driven by a motor 76 wherein the strip is pulled from the takeoff reel 50 and through the apparatus previously described.
  • the strip passes thence through a troughlike, infrared ray heating unit 77, wherein the paste flux of the armoring coating is thoroughly dried.
  • the strip passes between a pair of rolls 80, 81 of a tensioning unit 82 which tensions the strip at this point against the pull of the motor driven strip feed unit 109 at the end of the strip traverse. From the tensioning unit 82 the strip passes through an exhaust blower 83 for purposes described below.
  • the strip passes thence through an induction heating coil 86, supplied with high frequency electrical current, a suitable frequency being for example about 5.2 m.c.p.s., for heating the strip to temperature of about 19002000 R, such as to cause the brazing metal powder to fuse and alloy with the base metal of the strip at the interface between them, also partially to embed the. carbide particles therein and also to austenitize the alloy steel base metal of the strip.
  • the magnetic field of the induction heating coil has the effect of causing the carbide particles to project from the surface of the brazing metal and thereby enhance the cutting action of the so-armored tool.
  • the strip passes thence, referred to FIGS. 7 and 8, into a controlled atmosphere housing 87, through an entrance slot therein and passes thence within the housing through a longitudinal slot 09 in a metal chill plate 90.
  • the plate 90 is made of a metal of high thermal conductivity, such as copper or equivalent, and is chilled by circulation of a coolant, such as cold water, circulated therethrough by passages therein, as at 91, connected to inlet and outlet pipes, as at 92, 93, for supply and withdrawal of the coolant.
  • a coolant such as cold water
  • the housing is' filled with a substantially inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen gas injected therein via a valved pipeline 97 but is admixed with a small fraction of oxygen containing gas, such as that supplied from the outer atmosphere which leaks in through the inlet and outlet strip feed ports 00, 90.
  • the housing roof is provided with an adjustable gas exit vent 97a.
  • the strip As the strip is fed along the slot in the chill plate it is subjected to a rapid cooling action for two purposes.
  • One is to solidify the fused matrix metal, thereby to form the base metal and in which the carbide or other diamond substitute metal particles are partially and permanently embedded.
  • the other purpose is to transform the high temperature austenitic structure of the steel alloy base metal into a hard, fully martensitic structure which may thereafter be tempered to a desired lower degree of hardness with accompanying increased ductility and toughness.
  • the steel strip must be cooled from the austenitic phase with sufficient rapidity to temperature below the lowermost nose of the timetemperature-transformation or TTT curve of the steel as to prevent transformation of the austenite into any of the higher temperature transformation products such as pearlite, ferrite, bainite, etc. Since for SAE 6150 steel the lower nose of the TTT" curve occurs at about 750 F., it is necessary to cool the steel strip down to about 700 F., with sufficient rapidity, i.e. in about 6 seconds, to get past the transformation curve while still retaining the steel in the fully austenitic state.
  • the steel is air cooled down to ambient tempera ture with transformation into a fully martensitic structure, with a minimum of quenching stress.
  • several minutes is available for such air cooling for cooling the strip below about 200 F. as it passes from the chill plate to a subsequent tempering furnace ll07, FIG. 7 in which time the transformation of the austenite to martensite is substantially complete.
  • the resultant hardness imparted to the steel strip is about C 60 Rockwell.
  • the strip 110 next passes through a guide block 1100 and under an inspection station ll0ll, which is similar to inspection station 59, and thence through a tensioning unit 1103.
  • This unit is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 1104 for pressure actuating a movable brake shoe 105 toward a fixed brake shoe 1100, with the strip 110 passing between said brake shoes.
  • the strip 110 next passes through a tempering fur nace 1107 wherein it is given a short-time tempering treatment at about 950 F. which tempers the base metal down to about C" 4045 Rockwell.
  • the strip On leaving the tempering furnace T07, the strip passes between a cluster of straightening rollers 100, before passing through the rolls 109 of a drive unit like that of FIGS. lS-lfi inc. The strip passes thence under a roller 110 of a counter Ill and thence onto a takeup reel llll2 driven by a motor 113.
  • the armor coating applied to the strip 110 as processed in accordance with the FIG. 7 sequence has the appearance as shown in approximately actual size in FIG. 3 and in enlarged view in FIG. t at lllS.
  • the base metal of the saw band is shown at M0.
  • the overcoating of carbide particles are shown typically at llllfil partially embedded in the brazing metal H9 and projecting therefrom as shown to form sharp cutting edges.
  • the paste flux and brazing metal powders are separately applied to the strip, in contrast to the FIG. 7 sequence above described, wherein these constituents are admixed and applied to the strip stock on one application.
  • the arcuately blanked strip stock 10 is fed from the takeoff reel 50 thence through guide 51 and thence beneath the grooved coating roll 55 of the coating unit 52.
  • the hopper 53 of the coating unit contains only the paste flux adhesive, such, for example, as the Nicrobraz flux above described, whereby the coating roll 55 applies only the paste flux to the strip to about the depth shown at in FlG. 3.
  • the strip passes thence under the discharge lip 56 of the vibratory feeder 57, the spiral trough 58 of which in this instance contains only the brazing metal powder, such as powders of the LM Nicrobraz alloy above described. Due to the action of vibratory feeder 57, the brazing metal powder is thus progressively propelled in a thin layer over the discharge lip 56 thereof, and falls thence as a curtain of the powdered metal transversely across the strip. A thin layer of the metal powder is thus disposed on the paste flux coated surfaces of the strip, as limited, however, to the extent of adherence of the metal powder to the paste flux coating.
  • the strip passes thence under the: inspection unit 59 and thence through a spraying unit 301, for spraying a line mist of an aqueous solution of glue onto the coated strip surfaces, which solution is applied over a pipeline 302, with the strayed excess falling into a container 303.
  • the strip is fed thence beneath the discharge lip 304 of a second spiral type, vibrato ry feeder 305, like that of 57, the spiral trough 306 of which contains a supply 307 of the powdered metal carbide particles, such as tungsten carbide particles, or equivalent diamond substitute particles, which are propelled in a thin layer over the discharge lip 304 of the vibrator and fall thence in a curtain of powders transversely across the strip edge, causing a thin layer of said particles to adhere as an ovcrcoating to the adhesively coated surfaces of the strip.
  • the powdered metal carbide particles such as tungsten carbide particles, or equivalent diamond substitute particles
  • the strip is fed thence past an air blast unit 308 supplied with a compressed air blast over pipelines 309, 310, which blows the strip gullcts free of brazing metal and carbide powders. From this point on, the processing of the FIG. 26 embodiment is identical with that of FIG. 6 above described.
  • the continuous armoring coating shown at 320 of FIG. 5 may be applied to the band saw strip stock 10 in either of the ways above described except that, referring to FIGS. 7 and 9, no air blast is directed against the coated strip as at 70 FIG. 7 or 308, HO. 9.
  • a continuous coating is first applied as at 320, FIG. 5, which coating is then blown off at spaced intervals, as at 322, by the air blast nozzles 70, FIG. 7 or 308, FIG. 9, which is this instance are supplied with intermittent or pulsatingjets of air.
  • the coating unit 52 may be used to apply an alcohol solution of shellac or other organic adhesive, such as described in my above identified patents.
  • Separate vibratory, hopper feeders may be used to apply a powdered cobalt base brazing alloy such as one of the Stellite compositions and a powdered flux such as borax or these two powders may be admixed with a shellac binder, baked and reground to prevent segregation while permitting feeding with a single hopper.
  • the carbide particles may be similarly applied following a rewetting with an alcohol mist, or a composite cake of brazing alloy, powdered flux and carbide particles may be formed with shellac and reground for application from a single vibratory hopper feeder to a surface rendered adhesive with paste flux or organic adhesive.
  • FIG. 11 is a view of a polished and etched section of one tooth of gulleted, armored r-inch band saw strip stock, as taken longitudinally, thereof, and as produced in accordance with the FIG. 7 sequence wherein the adhesive flux and brazing metal powders are premixed prior to application to the band saw strip stock and wherein the coating thus applied is overcoated with carbide particles of 50/70 mesh.
  • FIG. 12 is a view of a polished and etched section as taken transversely through one tooth of gulleted, armored xi-inch band saw strip stock, as produced in accordance with the FIG. 9 sequence wherein the paste flux adhesive and brazing metal powders are separately applied by first applying the paste flux adhesive and then overcoating the same with the brazing metal powders and finally overcoating the brazing metal powder coating with a coating of carbide particles of 50/70 mesh.
  • the layer of brazing metal varies from about 0.002 to 0.01 inch in thickness and the carbide particles project therebeyond to a height of about 0.005 to 0.01 inch above the adjacent matrix metal. Also the carbide particles project above the base metal from about 0.005 to 0.025 inch. Examination of the etched sections at higher magnifications than shown in the drawings, establishes that the brazing metal is metallurgically bonded to the carbide particles and therefore wets the same at the brazing temperature. It further establishes that the brazing metal is alloyed with the base metal over a narrow zone shown by the so designated wavy line separating the two in each of FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • the following is the indicated thickness of the braze layer based on the difference between the actual height as coated and the calculated height without brazing alloy.
  • the carbide particles are of a grain size substantially exceeding the thickness of the matrix coating layer.
  • the thickness of the matrix coating layer does not exceed about one-half to two-thirds the average transverse dimensions of the abrasive particles, whereby said abrasive particles project beyond said coating layer to an average extent of about one-third to one-half their average transverse dimensions.
  • the thickness of the matrix coating is controlled to some extent by the grain size of the brazing metal powders, which tend in the FIG. 9 process of application, to adhere in a single layer to the flux coated strip, with the excess sloughing off under gravity action.
  • the carbide or other diamond substitute abrasive particles should substantially exceed in grain size, the dimensions of the brazing metal powders.
  • a suitable grain size for the brazing metal powders is about mesh, i.e. 0.004 inch, or under.
  • suitable size range is about 50-100 mesh, i.e., 00117-00059 inch, referring to mesh sizes as determined by the ASTM specification E] l of 1958.
  • Preferred ranges for the diamond substitute particles are about -50I+7O mesh and 70/+l00 mesh; 70 mesh is 0.0083 inch.
  • the grain size of the matrix metal particles is about 0.004 inch and under and that for the abrasive particles about 0.006-0012 inch and may range up to about 0.025 inch.
  • the brazing or matrix metal is preferably a hard, refractory metal alloy, of noneutectic character, having a substantial softening or plastic temperature range between liquidus and solidus points, below the melting point of the tool base metal and within the temperature range of about l5002400 F.
  • suitable such alloys are of the cobalt-base or nickel-base types, such as the nickel-base alloys containing about 5%l5% Cr, l%3.5% B, 2%-5% Fe, without and with silicon up to about 5 to 10 percent, and carbon up to about 0.25 percent, having brazing temperatures within the range of about l7002200 F.
  • the cobalt-base Stellite alloys are also suitable, containing about 40%*80% Co, 20%-35% Cr, 0%-3% Si and 0.75%-2.5% C.
  • the armored portion or alternatively the entire tool if the tool is to be heat treated, is thereupon rapidly heated to temperature sufficiently high to fuse the matrix metal powders into a thin coating layer and to alloy the same with the base metal and also partially to embed the abrasive particles therein.
  • the armored portion or the entire tool is cooled to ambient temperature, permanently to bond the matrix metal layer to the base metal and permanently to embed the abrasive particles therein to the extent of their embedment in the matrix metal layer, and also to harden the tool base metal if it is to be heat treated.
  • high frequency electrical induction heating is employed.
  • the frequency of induction heating is preferably just sufficiently high to penetrate into the base metal only to the required extent to fuse the matrix metal particles into a thin coating layer and to fusion bond the matrix metal layer to the base metal, and such heating is applied only for the duration required to accomplish the above, whereupon the current energization is abruptly terminated in order that the cool base metal will rapidly cool and solidify the matrix metal layer.
  • the frequency of induction heating and the arrangement of the induction heating means is made such that the entire body of the armored tool is heated above the fusion temperature of the matrix metal and thereupon cooled with sufficient rapidity to harden the tool base metal while solidifying the matrix metal.
  • the armoring is best applied by first spraying or brushing onto the base metal, a thin coating of the paste flux adhesive.
  • the matrix metal powders are next applied by feeding the so coated tool beneath a falling curtain of the matrix metal powders while rotating the tool about its axis if it is desired to coat all surface portions thereof, a glue spray is then applied, following which the final coating of abrasive particles is applied by the same technique as the matrix powders.
  • the paste flux adhesive is preferably first applied by spraying or brushing.
  • the tool is then fed beneath a falling curtain of the matrix metal powders with the surface being armored, disposed at a sufficient angle of inclination to the horizontal that the excess of metal powders will fall off of the coated surface, leaving only a thin layer adhering thereto.
  • a fine spray of an aqueous glue solution is next applied to the so coated surface and the final overcoating of abrasive particles applied by the same procedure as the matrix metal particles.
  • a metal cutting tool having a hard wearing, ductile and adherent, abrasive armor coating produced in situ from powdered brazing metal particles and abrasive particles of hard, high melting material, said tool comprising a structural base member consisting of a ferrous base metal of high strength and fracture resistance selected from the group consisting of heat treatable steels and alloy steels, at least a portion of the surface of which is covered with a relatively thin, flexible, ductile, and adherent coating layer of substantially uniform thickness, of said brazing metal powders fusion bonded to each other and to said base metal and into a substantially solid layer, said brazing metal being alloyed with said base metal throughout an interlayer of said alloy between said base metal and coating layer, said coating layer of said fusion bonded brazing metal powders having embedded therein and projecting from the surface thereof throughout said layer, a multiplicity of abrasive particles, of an average grain size exceeding the average thickness of said brazing metal layer, said abrasive particles forming sharp cutting edges and being composed
  • An armored saw blade comprising a flexible strip of a ferrous base metal selected from the group consisting of heat treatable steels and alloy steels, said strip having adherently bonded to at least one longitudinal edge and contiguous surface portions thereof, a hard wearing, ductile, and abrasive armor coating, produced in situ from powdered brazing metal particles and abrasive particles of hard, high melting material, such coating comprising a relatively thin, flexible, ductile, and adherent layer of substantially uniform thickness of said brazing metal powders fusion bonded to each other and to said base metal and into a substantially solid layer, said brazing metal being alloyed with said base metal throughout an interlayer of said alloy between said base metal and coating layer, said coating layer of said fusion bonded brazing metal powders having embedded therein and projecting from the surface thereof throughout said layer, a multiplicity of abrasive particles, said abrasive particles forming sharp cutting edges and being composed of hard, high melting point, refractory metal carbides, said a
  • An armored tool according to claim ll wherein said structural base has surface portions disposed at an angle of and under to one another and wherein said armor coating is applied to both said surface portions.
  • a tool according to claim 111 wherein said abrasive particles project beyond the adjacent matrix metal layer to an average extent of about 0.005 to 0.01 inch.
  • a tool according to claim 13 wherein said abrasive particles project beyond said base metal to the extent of about 0.01 to 0.025 inch.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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US704170A 1968-02-08 1968-02-08 Armored metal tools Expired - Lifetime US3615309A (en)

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DE (1) DE1906532A1 (da)
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US3763721A (en) * 1972-10-06 1973-10-09 Eishin K K Method of producing a band saw blade
US3854898A (en) * 1970-02-19 1974-12-17 Remington Arms Co Inc A method for producing armored rod and wire saws
US3868235A (en) * 1971-06-21 1975-02-25 Gerhard R Held Process for applying hard carbide particles upon a substrate
US3983357A (en) * 1972-01-24 1976-09-28 Remington Arms Company, Inc. Apparatus for producing armored rod and wire saws
US4097246A (en) * 1976-07-01 1978-06-27 Olson Manufacturing Company Method of making an abrasive wire for sawing stone
US4250135A (en) * 1979-05-17 1981-02-10 Orsini Peter C Roller for producing continuous sueded or grit type finish and method of making
US4610698A (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-09-09 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive surface coating process for superalloys
US4643740A (en) * 1984-10-15 1987-02-17 C4 Carbides Plc Method for applying material to a substrate
US4682987A (en) * 1981-04-16 1987-07-28 Brady William J Method and composition for producing hard surface carbide insert tools
US4744725A (en) * 1984-06-25 1988-05-17 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive surfaced article for high temperature service
US4931069A (en) * 1987-10-30 1990-06-05 Wiand Ronald C Abrasive tool with improved swarf clearance and method of making
US5129918A (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-07-14 Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A. Cubic boron nitride (cbn) abrasive tool
US5133782A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-07-28 Wiand Ronald C Multilayer abrading tool having an irregular abrading surface and process
US5135533A (en) * 1989-02-10 1992-08-04 Petersen Thomas D Coated gall-resistant surgical saw blades
US5389118A (en) * 1992-11-20 1995-02-14 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A. - Recherche Et Developpement Abrasive tool having film-covered CBN grits bonded by brazing to a substrate
WO1995022633A1 (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 American Saw & Mfg. Company Backing steel alloy for bimetallic band saw blade
US5507763A (en) * 1993-07-19 1996-04-16 Hall Surgical Surgical saw blade
USRE35812E (en) * 1988-08-01 1998-06-02 Oliver; Lloyd R. Bonded abrasive grit structure
EP1029624A2 (en) * 1998-12-29 2000-08-23 Sheffield Saw and Tool Co. Inc. Circular saw blades with cutting teeth composed of ultrahard tool material, and method for its production
US6752708B1 (en) * 1996-10-15 2004-06-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Pad conditioner for semiconductor substrates
US6945850B2 (en) * 2001-02-06 2005-09-20 Perrey David A Saw blade with abrasive surface
US20080060508A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-13 Jamin Micarelli Lightweight armor composite, method of making same, and articles containing the same
GB2443252A (en) * 2006-10-24 2008-04-30 C4 Carbides Ltd Saw blade with brazed diamond grit
US20080102291A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Caterpillar Inc. Method for coating a substrate
US20100119326A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-13 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Securing element for screw connections and its use
US20110174285A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2011-07-21 Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. Ingot cutting apparatus and ingot cutting method
CN102922611A (zh) * 2012-11-01 2013-02-13 张家港盈孚新材料技术有限公司 树脂金刚线的制造装置
CN102935666A (zh) * 2012-11-01 2013-02-20 张家港盈孚新材料技术有限公司 树脂金刚线的生产方法
US20130217315A1 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 Inland Diamond Products Company Segmented profiled wheel and method for making same
US20140080394A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2014-03-20 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Materials Co., Ltd. Beveling grindstone
CN103659145A (zh) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-26 浙江瑞翌新材料科技有限公司 金刚线取向装置、金刚线生产工艺和金刚线
US20140102276A1 (en) * 2008-07-15 2014-04-17 Irwin Industrial Tool Company Composite Saw Blades
US20160003065A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive Coating and Manufacture and Use Methods
US20160003064A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive Coating and Manufacture and Use Methods
US20160003066A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive Preforms and Manufacture and Use Methods
CN106513895A (zh) * 2016-11-15 2017-03-22 张金水 钨合金同金刚石的焊接制品及其制备方法
US20170159147A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2017-06-08 B & J Rocket Sales Ag A tire rasp blade
CN106891445A (zh) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-27 长葛市老城昌宝建筑机械配件厂 冲压孔附着硬质块材料的石材锯条
US10028443B2 (en) * 2015-06-04 2018-07-24 Cnh Industrial America Llc Method for coating a component of an agricultural concave with a high hardness material
US10786875B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2020-09-29 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Abrasive preforms and manufacture and use methods
US20210238726A1 (en) * 2018-05-28 2021-08-05 Sms Group Gmbh Vacuum-coating system and method for coating a band-type material
US20220097158A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2022-03-31 WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H, Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG Band-shaped machining tool having buffer particles
US20220097157A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2022-03-31 WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H. Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG Machining tool having asymmetrical teeth having cutting particles
DE102020128920A1 (de) 2020-11-03 2022-05-05 WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H. Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG Superlegierungssägeblatt
US20220170378A1 (en) * 2019-03-05 2022-06-02 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Two-layer abrasive coating for rotor-blade tips, method, component, and turbine assembly
US11401770B2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2022-08-02 Hydril USA Distribution LLC Hardfaced metal surface and method of manufacture
US20230191512A1 (en) * 2018-06-08 2023-06-22 Amada Co., Ltd. Ring-shaped band saw blade manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus

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DE2634154A1 (de) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-27 Diamant Boart Sa Topfschleifscheibe
US4268564A (en) * 1977-12-22 1981-05-19 Allied Chemical Corporation Strips of metallic glasses containing embedded particulate matter
CA1070744A (en) * 1978-01-24 1980-01-29 Edward J. Voitas Drill bushings pump seals and similar articles and method of making same
CA1193870A (en) * 1980-08-14 1985-09-24 Peter N. Tomlinson Abrasive product
SE430389B (sv) * 1981-09-10 1983-11-14 Dentatus Ab Redskap for notande bearbetning
DE3830819A1 (de) * 1988-08-27 1990-03-01 Winter & Sohn Ernst Saege
CA2008117C (en) * 1989-02-10 1995-06-13 Thomas D. Petersen Coated gall-resistant surgical saw blades
WO2014063910A1 (en) 2012-10-24 2014-05-01 Nv Bekaert Sa A flat fixed abrasive sawing wire
JP6196043B2 (ja) * 2013-02-08 2017-09-13 株式会社アマダホールディングス 帯鋸刃及びその使用方法
GB2540476A (en) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-18 C4 Carbides Ltd Improvements in or relating to tool blades and their manufacture

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Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854898A (en) * 1970-02-19 1974-12-17 Remington Arms Co Inc A method for producing armored rod and wire saws
US3868235A (en) * 1971-06-21 1975-02-25 Gerhard R Held Process for applying hard carbide particles upon a substrate
US3983357A (en) * 1972-01-24 1976-09-28 Remington Arms Company, Inc. Apparatus for producing armored rod and wire saws
US3763721A (en) * 1972-10-06 1973-10-09 Eishin K K Method of producing a band saw blade
US4097246A (en) * 1976-07-01 1978-06-27 Olson Manufacturing Company Method of making an abrasive wire for sawing stone
US4250135A (en) * 1979-05-17 1981-02-10 Orsini Peter C Roller for producing continuous sueded or grit type finish and method of making
US4682987A (en) * 1981-04-16 1987-07-28 Brady William J Method and composition for producing hard surface carbide insert tools
US4744725A (en) * 1984-06-25 1988-05-17 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive surfaced article for high temperature service
US4610698A (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-09-09 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive surface coating process for superalloys
US4643740A (en) * 1984-10-15 1987-02-17 C4 Carbides Plc Method for applying material to a substrate
US4931069A (en) * 1987-10-30 1990-06-05 Wiand Ronald C Abrasive tool with improved swarf clearance and method of making
USRE35812E (en) * 1988-08-01 1998-06-02 Oliver; Lloyd R. Bonded abrasive grit structure
US5135533A (en) * 1989-02-10 1992-08-04 Petersen Thomas D Coated gall-resistant surgical saw blades
US5133782A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-07-28 Wiand Ronald C Multilayer abrading tool having an irregular abrading surface and process
US5129918A (en) * 1990-10-12 1992-07-14 Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A. Cubic boron nitride (cbn) abrasive tool
US5389118A (en) * 1992-11-20 1995-02-14 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A. - Recherche Et Developpement Abrasive tool having film-covered CBN grits bonded by brazing to a substrate
US5507763A (en) * 1993-07-19 1996-04-16 Hall Surgical Surgical saw blade
WO1995022633A1 (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 American Saw & Mfg. Company Backing steel alloy for bimetallic band saw blade
US6752708B1 (en) * 1996-10-15 2004-06-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Pad conditioner for semiconductor substrates
EP1029624A2 (en) * 1998-12-29 2000-08-23 Sheffield Saw and Tool Co. Inc. Circular saw blades with cutting teeth composed of ultrahard tool material, and method for its production
EP1029624A3 (en) * 1998-12-29 2003-05-02 Sheffield Saw and Tool Co. Inc. Circular saw blades with cutting teeth composed of ultrahard tool material, and method for its production
US6945850B2 (en) * 2001-02-06 2005-09-20 Perrey David A Saw blade with abrasive surface
US20080060508A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-13 Jamin Micarelli Lightweight armor composite, method of making same, and articles containing the same
GB2443252B (en) * 2006-10-24 2010-11-17 C4 Carbides Ltd Blade
GB2443252A (en) * 2006-10-24 2008-04-30 C4 Carbides Ltd Saw blade with brazed diamond grit
US20090056150A1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2009-03-05 Paul Edward Duggan Blade
US20100031947A1 (en) * 2006-10-24 2010-02-11 Paul Edward Duggan Blade
US8602016B2 (en) 2006-10-24 2013-12-10 C4 Carbides Limited Blade
US20080102291A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Caterpillar Inc. Method for coating a substrate
US20140102276A1 (en) * 2008-07-15 2014-04-17 Irwin Industrial Tool Company Composite Saw Blades
US20110174285A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2011-07-21 Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. Ingot cutting apparatus and ingot cutting method
US9314942B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2016-04-19 Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. Ingot cutting apparatus and ingot cutting method
US8425169B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2013-04-23 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Securing element for screw connections and its use
US20100119326A1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-13 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Securing element for screw connections and its use
US9102038B2 (en) * 2011-08-24 2015-08-11 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Materials Co., Ltd. Beveling grindstone
US20140080394A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2014-03-20 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Materials Co., Ltd. Beveling grindstone
US20130217315A1 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-22 Inland Diamond Products Company Segmented profiled wheel and method for making same
US9050706B2 (en) * 2012-02-22 2015-06-09 Inland Diamond Products Company Segmented profiled wheel and method for making same
CN103659145A (zh) * 2012-08-31 2014-03-26 浙江瑞翌新材料科技有限公司 金刚线取向装置、金刚线生产工艺和金刚线
CN102922611A (zh) * 2012-11-01 2013-02-13 张家港盈孚新材料技术有限公司 树脂金刚线的制造装置
CN102922611B (zh) * 2012-11-01 2015-04-29 上海涌真机械有限公司 树脂金刚线的制造装置
CN102935666A (zh) * 2012-11-01 2013-02-20 张家港盈孚新材料技术有限公司 树脂金刚线的生产方法
US10184161B2 (en) * 2014-06-24 2019-01-22 B & J Rocket Sales Ag Tire rasp blade
US20170159147A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2017-06-08 B & J Rocket Sales Ag A tire rasp blade
US10018056B2 (en) * 2014-07-02 2018-07-10 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive coating and manufacture and use methods
US10786875B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2020-09-29 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Abrasive preforms and manufacture and use methods
US20160003066A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive Preforms and Manufacture and Use Methods
US11752578B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2023-09-12 Rtx Corporation Abrasive preforms and manufacture and use methods
US10012095B2 (en) * 2014-07-02 2018-07-03 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive coating and manufacture and use methods
US20160003064A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive Coating and Manufacture and Use Methods
US10030527B2 (en) * 2014-07-02 2018-07-24 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive preforms and manufacture and use methods
US20160003065A1 (en) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-07 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive Coating and Manufacture and Use Methods
US10028443B2 (en) * 2015-06-04 2018-07-24 Cnh Industrial America Llc Method for coating a component of an agricultural concave with a high hardness material
CN106513895A (zh) * 2016-11-15 2017-03-22 张金水 钨合金同金刚石的焊接制品及其制备方法
CN106891445A (zh) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-27 长葛市老城昌宝建筑机械配件厂 冲压孔附着硬质块材料的石材锯条
US11401770B2 (en) * 2018-04-06 2022-08-02 Hydril USA Distribution LLC Hardfaced metal surface and method of manufacture
US20210238726A1 (en) * 2018-05-28 2021-08-05 Sms Group Gmbh Vacuum-coating system and method for coating a band-type material
US20230191512A1 (en) * 2018-06-08 2023-06-22 Amada Co., Ltd. Ring-shaped band saw blade manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus
US11925994B2 (en) * 2018-06-08 2024-03-12 Amada Co., Ltd. Ring-shaped band saw blade manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus
US20220170378A1 (en) * 2019-03-05 2022-06-02 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Two-layer abrasive coating for rotor-blade tips, method, component, and turbine assembly
US11788422B2 (en) * 2019-03-05 2023-10-17 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Two-layer abrasive coating for rotor-blade tips, method, component, and turbine assembly
US20220097158A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2022-03-31 WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H, Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG Band-shaped machining tool having buffer particles
US20220097157A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2022-03-31 WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H. Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG Machining tool having asymmetrical teeth having cutting particles
DE102020128920A1 (de) 2020-11-03 2022-05-05 WIKUS-Sägenfabrik Wilhelm H. Kullmann GmbH & Co. KG Superlegierungssägeblatt

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1906532A1 (de) 1969-09-18
NL6902000A (da) 1969-08-12
DK140367C (da) 1980-02-11
JPS49318B1 (da) 1974-01-07
GB1216428A (en) 1970-12-23
NL167348C (nl) 1981-12-16
ES363347A1 (es) 1972-04-01
NL167348B (nl) 1981-07-16
FR2001571A1 (da) 1969-09-26
DK140367B (da) 1979-08-13

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Owner name: REMGRIT CORPORATION,CONNECTICUT

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