US3614868A - Method for stabilizing an excavated trench by stabilization of asbestos suspension - Google Patents

Method for stabilizing an excavated trench by stabilization of asbestos suspension Download PDF

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Publication number
US3614868A
US3614868A US842307A US3614868DA US3614868A US 3614868 A US3614868 A US 3614868A US 842307 A US842307 A US 842307A US 3614868D A US3614868D A US 3614868DA US 3614868 A US3614868 A US 3614868A
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Prior art keywords
asbestos
slurry
bentonite
trench
suspension
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Expired - Lifetime
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US842307A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mamoru Shinozaki
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Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd
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Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improvement of the socalled slurry-trench method of earth-wall construction work in which there is utilized a slurry stabilizer containing clay, and more particularly to a development of a, novel method of construction work capable of providing effects which have never been accomplished with the conventional bentonite slurry method.
  • bentonite contained in the bentonite solution becomes gelled with calcium (Ca) ions of concrete, resulting in the formation of gelled films which cover the connected parts of concrete placing units.
  • This has, in case of constructing, for example, a continuous earth-wall, provided enfeebled integration thereof.
  • the clay slurry method of construction work by using the bentonite suspension has been incapable of locally increasing the concentration of bentonite in the filled slurry at a particular depth.
  • the slurry used which has contained bentonite has been uniform in concentration; and for this reason, in the excavation of such a ground as above-mentioned, the whole stabilizer used must be high in the concentration of bentonite and hence a large amount of bentonite must be used which will increase the cost of construction.
  • a primary object of the present invention is the formation of 21 facing or a water cut-off wall capable of preventing leakage in an extremely simplified and easy manner.
  • Another object of the invention is to improve the quality of the surface of concrete placed in a trench or bore hole, thereby improving the binding property of the concrete.
  • Still another object of the invention is to locally increase the concentration of asbestos in a clay slurry and thus to prevent local leakage in an excavated trench, thereby saving the amount of asbestos used and hence cutting down the cost of construction.
  • a method for stabilizing an excavated trench characterized by filling said excavated trench with stabilization of asbestos suspension containing a surface active agent, and selecting the number of rotation per minute of a mixer agitated therewith, so that a greater concentration of said asbestos suspension may be placed at a specific depth to obtain a good water cut-off property;
  • a method for stabilizing an excavated trench characterized by filling said excavated trench with stabilization of asbestos suspension containing a surface active agent and granular particles, and selecting the number of rotation per minute of a mixer agitated therewith, so that the density of said asbestos suspension is made higher to obtain a good water cut-01f property and stabilizing effect.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a trench for constructing an earth-wall, the trench being filled with a stabilization of asbestos suspension in accordance with the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram for explaining experiments having been made to compare the water cut-off effect of the bentonite slurry having been hitherto used for the stabilization of suspension and that of a clay slurry consisting of a bentonite suspension diffused and incorporated with fibrous asbestos according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C illustrate explanatory diagrams of an experiment having been made to observe the water cut-off effect when there was used a stabilizer prepared by diffusing and suspending fibrous asbestos into water without using any bentonite at all according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate diagrams concerning experiments wherein there were prepared a stabilizer containing asbestos and a stabilizer containing bentonite in different proportions to observe the soil retaining effect of said two stabilizations;
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D show diagrams for explaining experiments wherein a liquid stabilizer was prepared by adding asbestos and a surface active agent to water and was agitated by means of a mixer with varied revolution per minute thereof, thus to observe the formation of a particular region high in the concentration of asbestos at various depths below the liquid surface.
  • the reference numeral 1 designates an excavated trench or bore hole for cast-in-situ pile for constructing an earth-wall (hereinafter referred to as an excavated trench)
  • 2 designates a suspension incorporated with bentonite and asbestos and filled in the trench to retain the earth-wall
  • 3 designates soil
  • 4 designates a gravel layer accumulated under the soil 3
  • 5 designates flocculant asbestos in the suspension 2
  • 6 designates thin films of asbestos adhered to the walls of the excavated trench.
  • the asbestos When the bentonite suspension is mixed with fiocculent asbestos of fine-diameter fiber, the asbestos will be diffused in the bentonite suspension and become suspended in water.
  • the asbestos 5 suspended in the suspension 2 When the slurry thus prepared is filled in the trench 1 for the earth-wall construction, the asbestos 5 suspended in the suspension 2 will be, following leakage, attracted towards the leakage voids of gravel 4 thereby attaching to the voids to gradually increase thickness of the asbestos film formed and to finally plug the leakage voids thereby stopping the leakage.
  • the asbestos in suspension forms a thin film 6 by which the leakage is stopped.
  • EXPERIMENT 1 As shown in FIG. 2, an acryl resin cylinder 7 having a length of 1,000 mm. and a diameter of 85 mm. was vertically placed and installed on a pedestal. The cylinder 7 was filled with fine sand 8' up to an outflow port 9'. On the sand grains 8 were placed gravel layer 10 ranging in diameter from 10 mm. to 25 mm., so as to amount to 330 mm. in terms of depth.
  • the difference in the water cut-off property between the two liquid stabilizers is considered to come from the fact that bentonite is in the form of minute particles, while asbestos is in the form of flocculent and fine-diameter fibers which are long enough to plug the voids of the gravel layer 10. Furthermore, the fibers are as fine as 180 A. or so in diameter, so that they can provide precise plugging to plug the voids of the gravel 10.
  • the asbestos used in the method of construction work of the invention is not necessarily, required to be of large length fibers but the asbestos may be of small lengths.
  • the slurry using bentonite is presently used at the concentration of 6 to 12% for the bentonite.
  • the asbestos suspended slurry is satisfactory with about 1% of asbestos concentration.
  • the amount of asbestos used may be far less than that of bentonite, and comparison between the two methods of stabilization of trench excavation revealed that the method using asbestos can lower the expenses.
  • the asbestos suspended in the slurry can be recovered, if necessary, by scooping it with a net or the like and then subjecting it to compression thereby easily separating it from water.
  • the slurry Under-goes the phenomenon of gelation with the concrete and covers the connected parts of concrete placing units with thin films gelled. For this reason, when a continuous earth-wall is constructed, the integration of concrete is made feeble. In order to eliminate this disadvantage, the slurry need be added thereto with an additional agent such as humic acid soda to prevent said gelation.
  • the slurry mixed with asbestos can easily and cleanly eliminate soils other than concrete from the connected ends of the concrete thereby to improve the binding property of the concrete, since the asbestos sticked to the cement wall is chemically bonded with cement extremely thoroughly.
  • EXPERIMENT 2 First, into 300 cc. of water there were incorporated as asbestos those of SR and 7M in accordance with the table of Standard Gradings In Quebec, Canada, in equal amounts. Furthermore, 7.5 g. of the aforementioned carboxy methyl cellulose, C.M.C., was added. The solution was then mixed witha mixer to prepare a slurry.
  • a cylindrical vinyl pipe 13 having a diameter of mm. and being open at both ends was vertically buried by 300 mm. in a large glass vessel 15 which has been previously filled with dried fine sand 14. It was then made sure that there was no arching action. Thereafter the slurry 16 containing asbestos prepared as above described was poured and filled into the pipe 13, as shown in FIG. 3B.
  • a glass vessel 17 which has a breadth of 200 mm., a length of 300 mm. and a depth of 300 mm. In the middle of the length, a glass plate 18 was vertically stood to divide the vessel 17 into two compartments.
  • One of the two compartments defined by the division was filled with fine sand 19 (such sand as used in Experiment 2), while the other compartment was injected only with fresh water 20, the sand 19 being simultaneously caused to absorb other fresh water sutficiently.
  • the asbestos slurry provides much more excellent soil retaining effects than the bentonite slurry.
  • the bentonite muddy water and the asbestos slurry used had the following compositions:
  • the asbestos slurry has been proved to be far superior in the water cut-off efiect to the bentonite slurry.
  • the channel used for testing the excavation had the dimensions of 60 cm. of Width and 4 m. of length. As the excavation proceeded, there were frequently discharged larger gravels than expected, those of 300 I'Ill'l'ltp for ex ample. The state of the channel walls was measured with an apparatus employing ultrasonic wave, and no occurrence of breaking was noticed during excavation, immediately after excavation, and after leaving the channel as it was for 5 hours after excavation.
  • EXPERIMENT 5 In order to increase the swelling property of asbestos, rotational stirring was carried out with a highly efiicient mixer having high revolution and the extent of ability of holding granular particles or solid grains (for example, fine sand) was compared with parameters of the settling quantity of the solid grains and time,
  • a suspension containing 1% of asbestos and 0.5% of C.M.C. has a density of 1.065 g./cc., which is equal to the density of a suspension having the bentonite concentration of 12 to 13%. Accordingly, in spite of the asbestos concentration being as low as 1%, the suspension provided by the swelling of asbestos may have its density optionally chosen to some extent.
  • the asbestos slurry in each of the graduated cylinders 21, 22, 23 and 24 was separated into asbestos layers 25 and a water layer 26 corresponding to the differences in the number of rotation of the mixer, as shown in FIGS. SA, 5B, 5C and 5D respectively. More particularly, the asbestos layers 25 were provided between the liquid surface and a level of about 30 mm. therebelow and between the bottom and a level of 45 mm. thereabove at 800 rpm. in the number of rotation of the mixer (FIG. 5A), between the liquid surface and a level of 25 mm. therebelow and between the bottom and a level of mm. thereabove at 2,800 rpm. (FIG. 5B), between the liquid surface and a level of mm.
  • FIG. SC therebelow and between the bottom and a level of 75 mm thereabove at 6,000 rpm.
  • FIG. 5D between the liquid surface and a level of 90 mm. therebelow and between the bottom and a level of mm. thereabove
  • the ground of the construction site is outlined to consist of a clay layer down to about 5 m. from the surface of the earth and a sand layer down to the bottom of 8 m. below the clay layer. More particularly, the layer down to 5 in. has a small coefficient of permeability, and hence no loss in water occurred. But the layer between 5 m. to 8 m. is large in the coefiicient of permeability on account of its being a sandlayer and it undergoes the generation of permeation, which is believed to have made the reception impossible.
  • the number of rotation per minute of the mixer was made a small value of 500 r.p.m., asbestos incorporated into water was easy to settle down and was collected at the lower part of the channel, which is believed to have been one cause of impossibility of obtaining ultrasonic receiving waves below the depth of 5 In.
  • a method for stabilizing an excavated trench by filling said trench with a liquid slurry consisting of asbestos fibers suspended in water whereby said liquid slurry will tend to fill any liquid permeable void in the trench wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
US842307A 1968-07-17 1969-07-16 Method for stabilizing an excavated trench by stabilization of asbestos suspension Expired - Lifetime US3614868A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP43050784A JPS4921522B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-07-17 1968-07-17

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US (1) US3614868A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4921522B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1936474A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2013157A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL158871B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864921A (en) * 1972-03-07 1975-02-11 Karl Marx Method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5425141Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-12-30 1979-08-23
JPS5214034A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-02-02 Yoshiji Hayashi Rail frame with plinth

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864921A (en) * 1972-03-07 1975-02-11 Karl Marx Method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6910974A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-20
FR2013157A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-27
JPS4921522B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-01
NL158871B (nl) 1978-12-15
DE1936474A1 (de) 1970-02-19

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