US3614221A - Imaging system - Google Patents

Imaging system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3614221A
US3614221A US889072A US3614221DA US3614221A US 3614221 A US3614221 A US 3614221A US 889072 A US889072 A US 889072A US 3614221D A US3614221D A US 3614221DA US 3614221 A US3614221 A US 3614221A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pile
fibers
brush
set forth
filaments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US889072A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas W Solarek
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3614221A publication Critical patent/US3614221A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0805—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a brush

Definitions

  • a woven pile brush for the brush development of latent electrostatic images is provided with both nonconductive and conductive pile fibers.
  • the conductive pile fibers are shorter than the nonconductive fibers, and thus, the shorter conductive fibers can function as a development electrode while avoiding contact with the latent electrostatic image carrier.
  • a'latent electrostatic information image is formed on anelectrically insulating carrier.
  • the latent image is formed optically byfocusing alight image on a photoconductive plate, and creating a differential electrostatic charge pattem' correspondingto the light image.
  • the resultant latent image is developed by the application'of tonerparticles, whereby the particles are caused'to adhere electrostatically either to the portions of the plate exposed to light, or to the portion notso exposed, and the adhered'toner particles are then transferred imagewise to an image receiving or record sheet.
  • a number ofr'ways are knownin the art for obtaining a proper distribution of toner particles over the electrostatic latentirnagecarryingsurface of the photoconductive plate, so as to obtain suitable development of thelatent image into visible form.
  • One of the well recognized development methods is often referred to as brush development, in which a furbrush moves in contact'with a supply of toner-particles and brushesv the particles across the electrostatic image carryingsurface.
  • brush development in which a furbrush moves in contact'with a supply of toner-particles and brushesv the particles across the electrostatic image carryingsurface.
  • certaintypes of images particularly those having large expanses of light and dark areas, can be developed withmore uniform effects in the presence of a development electrode positioned closelyadjacent to the electrostatic image-carrying surface during the period of application of the toner particles thereto.
  • Thepresent invention is directed to an improvement in the brush development-of 'xerographic electrostatic images, and more particularly the inventionis directed to a fabricated brush for this purpose.
  • this development brush is fonned from a woven pile material, whosepile tufts include a mixture of electrically nonconductive and electricallyconductive fibers.
  • the conductivefibers of thepile' are made shorter than thenonconductive fib'ers.
  • the brush' can belocated relative to theelectrostaticimage-bearing surface so that the nonconductive fibers brush against the charge pattern surface to distribute tonerparticles thereover, while the conductive fibers are spaced a short'distance from the charge pattern surface and can function as a development electrode.
  • the properties of the two types of fibers can be selected independently, to provide appropriate electrical and physical properties for the two functions to be performed.
  • the longer fibers can be selected to provide. optimum triboelectric properties, fiber density, and fiber stiffness for the distribution of toner particles, while the shorter fibers can be selected to function optimumly' as a development electrode without regard to the properties required of the longer fibers.
  • the shorter fibers can be formed of steel threads, whose stiffness and-abrasiveness might scratch and injurethe photoconductive electrostatic image-bearingzsurface, if they were caused to contact said surface.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved brush for the development of electrostatic latent images.
  • Andstill another object is to provide an improved brush for thedevelopmentof electrostaticlatent images, having both nonconductive-and conductive pile fibers,'wherein the conductive fibersare shorter than the nonconductive fibers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a xerographic apparatus, incorporating brush development of the electrostatic latent image
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a pile brush embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail of the pile brush of FIG. 2, taken along the line 3- 3 of FIG. 2'; and
  • FIG. 4 is a further enlarged detail of a composite yarn utilized in fabricating the pile brush of FIG. 2 and 3;
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a well-known xerographic process and apparatus for electrostatically photocopying documents.
  • Drum 10 isprovided with permanent photoconductive layer ll over its cylindrical surface.
  • the photoconductive layer 11 is commonly formed of selenium, and presents a relatively low electrical resistance when illuminated with' light and a relatively high resistance when not illuminated.
  • a plurality of operational stations are positioned aboutthe periphery of the drum as follows: an optical station is provided at 14, for focusing an optical image on the photoconductona developing station is provided at 19, an image transfer STATION is provided at 24, a drum-cleaning station is located at 30,. a general-illuminating station is located at 31, and it is followed by a general-charging station at 32.
  • an image of a portion of document 13 is focused by optical system 12 on the photoconductor surface 11 at station 14.
  • optical system 12 As the drum advances in the direction of arrow A, successive-portions of the document 13 are focused on successive portions of thephotoconductor 11.
  • the portions of photoconductor 11 that are illuminated with light become conductive during the illumination period, causing a discharge to ground of the corresponding electrostatic charge portion on the surface of the photoconductor, and resulting in a latent electrostatic image of document 13 on the surface of drum 10.
  • the electrostatic latent image is advanced to the developing station 19,-where a housing l5 contains a charge of electroscopic toner particles 18, and roll 16 having a pile brush 17 on its surface. As roll 16 rotates, the pile brush l7 passes through the toner particles and then across the surface of drum 10, distributingthe toner particles 'over the surface of the drum. The toner particles adhere to the drum in areas containing a residual charge, but not inthe uncharged areas, resulting in development of the electrostatic image corresponding to document 13.
  • this image is transferred to image-receiving web'20L'Web 20 is drawn'from supply roll 21 and is guided in contact with drum l0 for-a short distance by guide rolls 22 and 23.Transfer of the toner particles constituting the developed image may be aided by an appropriate electrical field or charging of the web 20, as is well understood in the art. After theimage is transferred to the web 20, the web may be passed through a heater 25 to fuse the toner particles to the web, and the web is guided by roll '26 to-a delivery station.
  • the brush I7 is a flexible woven pile fabric mounted on cylindrical roll 16. Obviously, the fabric could be mounted on a set of guide rolls to traverse any circuit path desired other than the circular one shown.
  • the fabric brush 17 is shown FIG. 2, and comprises a backing 41 and a cut pile surface 42.
  • the backing 41' is a conventional woven fabric composed of interlaced warp and woof yarns 43, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the cut pile comprises a separate yarn 44, interlaced with the backing yarns 43 in a manner quite conventional in the manufacture of cut woven pile fabric.
  • the pile yarn 44 is composite of two different fibers, one having a shorter length than the other.
  • the shorter fibers 45 are electrically conductive, while the longer ones 46 are nonconductive.
  • the'original pile yarn is a composite in the form shown in FIG. 4, wherein a straight fiber bundle corresponding to fibers 45 has a second fiber bundle corresponding to fibers 46 serpentinely wound thereabout.
  • This composite yarn as shown in FIG. 4 is used as the pile yarn 44 in weaving the pile fabric 17. After the weaving operation is complete and the pile yarns are cut, the serpentine bundle 46 unwinds itself from the straight bundle 45, and thus obtains a longer length as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the resultant longer pile fibers 46 are selected to be electrically nonconductive and to provide appropriate physical and triboelectric properties to dust the electrostatic image-bearing surface 11 of cylinder uniformly with toner particles 18.
  • the shorter fibers 45 of the pile tufts are selected to be electrically conductive and thereby function as a development electrode.
  • the surface of brush 17 may be located so that only the longer fibers 46 touch the photoconductor surface 11 of cylinder 10, and the physical properties of the shorter fibers 45, such as stiffness and abrasiveness, which could be deleterious to the surface 11, are not material, It is also apparent that to provide the development electrode function, not all of the pile yarns used to manufacture the pile fabric 17 need necessarily be the composite type of FIG. 4, so that many of the pile tufts may be formed from yarns composed solely of the dusting type of fiber 46. And it is further apparent that through the roll 16, the development electrode conductive fibers 45 can be biased to a desired electrical potential appropriate for the parameters of operation of the system.
  • the conductive fibers are steel and the nonconductive fibers are rayon.
  • the steel fiber bundle 45 is composed of steel fibers of about 0.12 denier, and the denier of the bundle is approximately 12.
  • the rayon bundle 46 is composed of fibers having a diameter of approximately 20 microns, and the denier of the bundle is approximately 150.
  • the ratio of steel to rayon pile fibers is preferably approximately one to one by volume; and the preferred pile height for the rayon fibers 46 is approximately 0.6 inch, while for the steel fibers 45 it is approximately 0.4 inch.
  • first pile fibers being all of substantially one pile height
  • second pile fibers being all of substantially a second pile height
  • said second pile height being less than said first pile height
  • an electrostatic xerographic apparatus having a brush for the application of electroscopic toner developer particles to the surface of an electrostatic image-bearing surface, the improvement wherein said brush has a pile formed from two different fibers, a first of said pile fibers all having substantially the same pile height and being substantially electrically nonconductive and triboelectric for dusting said toner particles over said surface, the second of said pile fibers all having substantially the same pile height and being electrically conductive to provide a development electrode, and the pile height of said second fibers being less than the pile height of said first fibers.
  • said pile fabric being a woven cut pile material.
  • said second pile fibers being metallic filaments.
  • said first pile fibers being synthetic filaments.
  • said second pile fibers being metallic filaments.
  • said first pile fibers being rayon filaments and said second pile fibers being steel filaments.
  • said brush being positioned relative to said surface to place said first pile fibers in contact with said surface and said second pile fibers closely adjacent to but spaced from said surface.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
US889072A 1969-12-30 1969-12-30 Imaging system Expired - Lifetime US3614221A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88907269A 1969-12-30 1969-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3614221A true US3614221A (en) 1971-10-19

Family

ID=25394464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US889072A Expired - Lifetime US3614221A (en) 1969-12-30 1969-12-30 Imaging system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3614221A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4833185B1 (ja)
CA (1) CA930540A (ja)
DE (1) DE2064231C3 (ja)
GB (1) GB1343603A (ja)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884185A (en) * 1973-09-06 1975-05-20 Xerox Corp Coated wire developer brush
EP0018078A1 (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-10-29 Xerox Corporation Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image
US4239017A (en) * 1979-07-16 1980-12-16 Xerox Corporation Development system
US4240740A (en) * 1979-06-11 1980-12-23 Xerox Corporation Development system
US4324490A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-04-13 Xerox Corporation Development system
US5216467A (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-06-01 Xerox Corporation Brush-based carrier bead removal device for a developer housing in a xerographic apparatus

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5583080A (en) * 1978-12-19 1980-06-23 Kanebo Ltd Cleaning device of copying machine
JPS5764266A (en) * 1980-10-06 1982-04-19 Toshiba Corp Developing device for picture forming device
GB2222818A (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-03-21 De La Rue Syst Sheet feeding

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3058444A (en) * 1959-03-13 1962-10-16 American Photocopy Equip Co Apparatus for developing electrostatic image on electrographic sheet
US3098765A (en) * 1959-03-16 1963-07-23 Robertson Photo Mechanix Inc Xerographic brush
US3399652A (en) * 1967-06-14 1968-09-03 Addressograph Multigraph Automatic toner concentrate detector

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3058444A (en) * 1959-03-13 1962-10-16 American Photocopy Equip Co Apparatus for developing electrostatic image on electrographic sheet
US3098765A (en) * 1959-03-16 1963-07-23 Robertson Photo Mechanix Inc Xerographic brush
US3399652A (en) * 1967-06-14 1968-09-03 Addressograph Multigraph Automatic toner concentrate detector

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884185A (en) * 1973-09-06 1975-05-20 Xerox Corp Coated wire developer brush
EP0018078A1 (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-10-29 Xerox Corporation Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image
US4240740A (en) * 1979-06-11 1980-12-23 Xerox Corporation Development system
US4239017A (en) * 1979-07-16 1980-12-16 Xerox Corporation Development system
US4324490A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-04-13 Xerox Corporation Development system
US5216467A (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-06-01 Xerox Corporation Brush-based carrier bead removal device for a developer housing in a xerographic apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA930540A (en) 1973-07-24
GB1343603A (en) 1974-01-16
JPS4833185B1 (ja) 1973-10-12
DE2064231B2 (de) 1977-07-07
DE2064231C3 (de) 1978-03-09
DE2064231A1 (de) 1971-11-18

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