US3614161A - Trenching in rocky soils - Google Patents

Trenching in rocky soils Download PDF

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Publication number
US3614161A
US3614161A US850365A US3614161DA US3614161A US 3614161 A US3614161 A US 3614161A US 850365 A US850365 A US 850365A US 3614161D A US3614161D A US 3614161DA US 3614161 A US3614161 A US 3614161A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
carriage
cutting tool
excavation
direction perpendicular
excavated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US850365A
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English (en)
Inventor
Giosue Miotti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
I C D S IMPRESA CONSTRUZIONI O
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I C D S IMPRESA CONSTRUZIONI O
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Publication of US3614161A publication Critical patent/US3614161A/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
    • E02F3/9256—Active suction heads; Suction heads with cutting elements, i.e. the cutting elements are mounted within the housing of the suction head
    • E02F3/9268—Active suction heads; Suction heads with cutting elements, i.e. the cutting elements are mounted within the housing of the suction head with rotating cutting elements
    • E02F3/9275—Active suction heads; Suction heads with cutting elements, i.e. the cutting elements are mounted within the housing of the suction head with rotating cutting elements with axis of rotation parallel to longitudinal axis of the suction pipe
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels

Definitions

  • .1 axi of excavation comprising a guide of the aid device ub- 37/80 37/ 1.75/9, 299/40 stantially perpendicular to the said main axis, on said guide [51] Int. Cl. E21c 37/00 being made to run at 1635 one excavating too] in the f f [50] Field of Search 299/10, 18, mandrel which can be rotated about an axis substantially 40; 37/80 195; 5" parallel to the said main axis and which has cutting edges on its lateral surface, the said tool discharging the reactions [56] Reterences cued caused by the action of excavation almost exclusively in the UNITED STATES PATENTS transverse direction to the main axis through the said guide Re. 14,454 4/1918 Dean 175/91 X and against one or other lateral wall of the excavation.
  • the method of excavation is effected by first making a series of holes at intervals, each of which is separately filled with concrete; the next stage is to make a second series of holes between each of the first holes, at a tangent to or completely intersecting these latter, and these holes are also filled with concrete so as to form substantially a continuous wall with the first holes.
  • a different technique is to make, instead, a complete series of adjacent holes until these form a single extended excavation, which can then be filled with concrete in one operation to fonn a continuous wall.
  • Either system permits the use of different types of excavation means, in accordance with the consistency of the ground which has to be excavated.
  • a socalled biting grab is generally used; under the weight of the grab itself and of a ballast connected to the grab, the cutting edges of the latter are made to engage firmly into the ground with force andwhen the two valves of the grab are closedmake an excavation.
  • the material excavated is automatically picked up inside the grab when it is closed, and can thus be easily brought to the surface.
  • a chiselling tool In the case of rocky terrains, on the other hand, a chiselling tool is generally employed; this can have either a rotating or a striking movement.
  • means for removing the excavated material are also necessary, whichwhen working in the presence of bentonite mud, as already mentioned-can be formed in a simple manner from suction pipes.
  • the chisel can be employed either to make a series of holes which are vertical, successive and adjacent, and are in the collective form of one extended excavation, in the form of a trench, or to make an immediate extended excavation, in which case the chisel can also havein addition to a rotating or striking movementa movement of translation along the excavation.
  • the chisel is very effective on hard ground, it is obvious that its method of operation is very slow.
  • the grab can be used in conjunction with the chisel; in such a case the chisel is first employed to make the excavation of several vertical holes at appropriate intervals, ad the material remaining between the said holes is then removed by means of the biting grab.
  • the tool reacts-when the action of excavation is directly from top to bottom-by a thrust from the bottom upwards.
  • the excavating tool In order to oppose this thrust the excavating tool is generally well ballasted, so that it is frequently cumbersome and difficult to handle, and furthermore the use of it entails an external support compartmentation which is particularly resistant.
  • a device which permits the simple operation of the method described above is further characterized in that it comprises a guide means which is adapted to be suspended in conformity with the excavation, a first carriage which can glide on the said support and is provided with means of attachment to the support itself, a second carriage which can glide in relation to the first and provided in turn with means of attachment to the support, and a mandrel or cutting blade which can be rotated, having a substantially vertical axis, provided with cutting edges on its lateral surfaces and carried by one of the said carriages.
  • the axis of the said mandrel is inclined by approximately 5 in relation to the vertical in the direction of advance of the carriages during the excavation.
  • FIG. 1 is a complete diagrammatic view of the device, at the start of an excavation operation
  • FIG. 2 is a front view, in partial section, of the sole group of slides of the device; of trenches
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view, according to the line Ill-Ill in FIG. 2.
  • the device comprises a support means or bench or guide support 1, which is lowered into the excavation by means of pulleys 2.
  • the bench 1 has a pair of longitudinal rectilinear guide means 3, and a series of transverse holes 4 at regular intervals, in parallel alignment to the guide 3.
  • a first carriage or positioning slide can slide along the guides 3, and a second 6 or control slide can run on this first slide.
  • the slide 5 is provided with a pair of raised elements 5', which act as sliding runners inside the guides 3, opposite; these runners 5' have preferably a swallow-tail profile, and at the same time act as running elements and support elements for the slide 5.
  • the slide 5 is substantially formed like a big gantry attached to the vertical legs 5" whereof is a pair of horizontal shafts 7, on which the slide 6 is mounted to be slidable.
  • the shafts 7 each have a diaphragm means 8, which is adapted to act as a piston inside the cylindrical chambers 9 provided in the slide 6.
  • a shaft 10 which carries the mandrel or cutting blade and which is free to rotate, but cannot slide axially, is mounted on the slide 6.
  • a working head 11 Fastened to the lower end of the shaft 10 is a working head 11, provided with a set of tools 12 of a type known per se, mounted so that they can be interchangeable.
  • a gear 13 Fastened to the upper end of the shaft 10 is a gear 13, through which a rotation is imparted to the shaft 10 itself.
  • the gear 13 engages with the gear 14 (or with a set of reducing gears) contained inside the tin box 15 and driven by a hydraulic motor 16.
  • the shaft 10 can rotate on the slide 6 on which it is mounted for example by means of a sleeve or bearing 17; this hearing is formed so as to prevent any axial sliding.
  • the sleeve 17 is in turn mounted to rotate on a pivot means 18, which allows the shaft 10 to oscillate briefly. This movement is such as will allow the shaft 10 to be accurately arranged-with an inclination of approximately in relation to the vertical and towards the direction of advance of the excavation operation (the direction shown by the arrow F in the arrangement according to FIG. 2)-whenever the device reverses its working course.
  • the head 11 and the said shaft are perforated axially and the hole accords on the upper side with the suction duct C.
  • a pin 19 which can be moved transversely and similarly associated with the slide 6 is a pin 20.
  • the pins 19 and 20 are arranged on an alignment whichwhen the device is assembled-is parallel to the alignment of the holes 4. When the pins 19 and 20 are in the insertable position, they lock within the holes 4.
  • the method of operation is as follows: assuming that an excavation as defined by the two lines S -S, is to be carried out, the first step is to make a preliminary vertical hole in the ground, bounded on one side by the said line S, and on the other by a line 8;, and having a diameter which corresponds substantially to the maximum diameter of the mandrel 1 1.
  • the device is lowered onto the ground engaging the mandrel 11 in the said preliminary hole, and the mandrel 11 itself is then made to rotate.
  • the pin 20 finds itself exactly in correspondence with a hole 4; thus then pin 20 is moved by a pin moving means so that it engages in the said hole 4, thus blocking the slide 6 on the support 1. At the same time, the pin 19 is retracted by a pin moving means.
  • the fluid in the chamber 9 is then moved by pressure generating means in the direction corresponding to a return travel of the slide 6. Since the latter is stationary, the slide 5 reacts with a forward movement; at the end of travel, the pin 19 lies once more in front of a hole 4 and can then be inserted in order to block the slide 5 again on the support 1. The pin 20 is then brought back to the retracted position and the slide 6 can recommence a work cycle together with the mandrel 1 1.
  • the pipe C maintains a suction to remove all the broken material together with the bentonite mud. The latter is then separated and recycled, in a substantially known manner.
  • the head 11 is preferably provided with cutting edges also on its frontal surface; the support 1-with the mandrel group projecting from its lower profile l'can then be simply rested on the ground.
  • the mandrel starts to rotate, being aided by the mere weight of the device, a short vertical hole is first excavated; when the edge 1' of the support 1 is supported correctly and fully, the forward travel of the mandrel can then be commenced for the operation of excavation proper; and so on in the following stages of the excavation.
  • ballasting of the device is essentially due to the fact that--as mentioned above-the reactions of the excavation operation are almost entirely discharged in the horizontal direction against the walls of the excavation themselves;
  • both the forward drive of the slides 5, 6 as well as the rotational drive of the shaft 10 are effected by hydraulic means, originating from a central unit outside the excavation; in that case this central unit has means for signalling the working conditions-cg. simply in the form of manometers for indicating the pressures of the driving fluids-from which the type of ground encountered at each moment by the mandrel can be inferred.
  • An apparatus for the excavation of trenches having a depth in a first direction comprising,
  • a rotatable cutting tool having cutting edges located on its lateral surfaces for abrading material to be excavated
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 further including a support means for said cutting tool movable in said first direction and having guide means located thereon extending in said direction perpendicular to said first direction, said cutting tool being movably attached to said guide means for movement in said direction perpendicular to said first direction.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein a first carriage is movably attached to said guide means for movement in said direction perpendicular to said first direction and a second carriage is movably attached to said first carriage for movement in said direction perpendicular to said first direction and wherein said cutting tool is fixedly attached to said second carriage.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 further including pressure generating means for generating pressure in a direction which causes said pressure responsive diaphragm means to move said second carriage on said guide means located on said first carriage, in a given direction,
  • a method for the excavation of trenches comprising the steps of,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
US850365A 1969-05-31 1969-08-15 Trenching in rocky soils Expired - Lifetime US3614161A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1762669 1969-05-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3614161A true US3614161A (en) 1971-10-19

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US850365A Expired - Lifetime US3614161A (en) 1969-05-31 1969-08-15 Trenching in rocky soils

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3614161A (it)
BE (1) BE737511A (it)
CH (1) CH504592A (it)
ES (1) ES370529A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2043854A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1278110A (it)
NL (1) NL6912416A (it)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5056242A (en) * 1989-05-12 1991-10-15 Finic, B.V. Underground wall construction method and apparatus
CN1039549C (zh) * 1992-08-26 1998-08-19 昆士兰大学 切割和挖掘坚硬物体用的装置
WO2008125942A1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2008-10-23 Sirti S.P.A. Soil milling machine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1580001A (en) * 1925-07-28 1926-04-06 Bicknell Robert Henry Excavating apparatus
US3314725A (en) * 1964-08-27 1967-04-18 Tinlin William Tunneling machine having horizontally and vertically reciprocated rotatable head
US3459452A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-08-05 Harry Schnabel Jr Tunneling device
US3477762A (en) * 1967-08-28 1969-11-11 Eickhoff Geb Mining machine and method
US3509949A (en) * 1966-11-09 1970-05-05 Tone Boring Co Excavation of trenches for buried walls

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1580001A (en) * 1925-07-28 1926-04-06 Bicknell Robert Henry Excavating apparatus
US3314725A (en) * 1964-08-27 1967-04-18 Tinlin William Tunneling machine having horizontally and vertically reciprocated rotatable head
US3509949A (en) * 1966-11-09 1970-05-05 Tone Boring Co Excavation of trenches for buried walls
US3459452A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-08-05 Harry Schnabel Jr Tunneling device
US3477762A (en) * 1967-08-28 1969-11-11 Eickhoff Geb Mining machine and method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5056242A (en) * 1989-05-12 1991-10-15 Finic, B.V. Underground wall construction method and apparatus
CN1039549C (zh) * 1992-08-26 1998-08-19 昆士兰大学 切割和挖掘坚硬物体用的装置
WO2008125942A1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2008-10-23 Sirti S.P.A. Soil milling machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6912416A (it) 1970-12-02
FR2043854A1 (it) 1971-02-19
ES370529A1 (es) 1971-11-01
GB1278110A (en) 1972-06-14
BE737511A (it) 1970-01-16
CH504592A (it) 1971-03-15

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