US3613210A - Arc cast ingot - Google Patents
Arc cast ingot Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3613210A US3613210A US555483A US3613210DA US3613210A US 3613210 A US3613210 A US 3613210A US 555483 A US555483 A US 555483A US 3613210D A US3613210D A US 3613210DA US 3613210 A US3613210 A US 3613210A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- alloy
- top portion
- arc
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical group CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
- Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]
- Y10T428/12271—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.] having discrete fastener, marginal fastening, taper, or end structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12361—All metal or with adjacent metals having aperture or cut
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
- Y10T428/12438—Composite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12778—Alternative base metals from diverse categories
Definitions
- the ingot of the present invention is an arc cast ingot including a top portion, integral with the ingot, of a material which has suflicient ductility to prevent the initiation fand propagation of cracks into the body or central portion of the ingot and is of a nominal thickness, at least 1 inch, to prevent ingot cracking.
- the interface region between the central and top portions of the ingots of Examples 2, 3, 4 and 6 were examined by a combination of macroscopic, microscopic, hardness and microprobe analyzer techniques. As was mentioned before, the interface is curvical in shape delineated by poro'sities. Diffusion of the alloying elements Ti, Zr and C into the unalloyed Mo extends to about 0.1", accompanied by alloy depletion of less than 0.15 immediately below the interface. Thus the total depth of adversely affected zone into the alloy or central portion due to porosity and alloy depletion is less than 0.25". The width of the affected zone in the ingots of Examples 2, 3, 4 and 6 does not vary significantly with the depth of the top portion. As is well known in the art, this amount of unrecoverable material is considerably less than the amount of material normally unrecoverable in an untopped ingot because of cracking, piping and the like.
- EXAMPLE 7 In addition to the 3.5 diameter ingots of Examples l through 6, a 6" diameter and y6" long ingot of Mo-3 alloy was melted in the same manner as described above, resulting in a nominal thickness of the top portion of the melted ingot of 1.4".
- the electrode preparation was identical to that described in connection with the ingots of Examples l through 6 except that a larger electrode diameter of 2.5 was used in this Example 7.
- the co-axial hole in the electrode was y0.5" in diameter.
- the 6" diameter ingot of this Example 7 - was vacuum arc melted under the following conditions: current 6500 amps; melting voltage 36 volts; stirring amperage 0.1 amp; vacuum 5 10-10 torr; melting rate 0.49 in./min. or 3.41 lb./min. After withdrawing from the mold, the ingot was placed in a cold hydrogen furnace.
- the use of a sufficiently ductile material which does not have a harmful effect on the central portion whether or not it alloys with the central portion of an ingot when applied in a suicient amount as a top portion of an ingot will eliminate ingot cracking upon solidification in those types of alloys which are particularly susceptible to solidification cracking.
- the invention is readily and economically adaptable to existing apparatus and requires no changes in furnace design. It can be used with all high strength alloys which are consolidated by consumable arc melting.I
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US55548366A | 1966-06-06 | 1966-06-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3613210A true US3613210A (en) | 1971-10-19 |
Family
ID=24217428
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US555483A Expired - Lifetime US3613210A (en) | 1966-06-06 | 1966-06-06 | Arc cast ingot |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3613210A (en:Method) |
| BE (1) | BE694960A (en:Method) |
| FR (1) | FR1516440A (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB1174342A (en:Method) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4718940A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-01-12 | Mcphillips Kerry A | Method of manufacturing alloy for use in fabricating metal parts |
-
1966
- 1966-06-06 US US555483A patent/US3613210A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1967
- 1967-02-07 GB GB5804/67A patent/GB1174342A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-03-03 BE BE694960D patent/BE694960A/xx unknown
- 1967-03-06 FR FR97595A patent/FR1516440A/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1516440A (fr) | 1968-03-08 |
| BE694960A (en:Method) | 1967-08-14 |
| GB1174342A (en) | 1969-12-17 |
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