US3611010A - Series-type electric incandescent lamp with integral automatic cutout means - Google Patents

Series-type electric incandescent lamp with integral automatic cutout means Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3611010A
US3611010A US857945A US3611010DA US3611010A US 3611010 A US3611010 A US 3611010A US 857945 A US857945 A US 857945A US 3611010D A US3611010D A US 3611010DA US 3611010 A US3611010 A US 3611010A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
lead
conductors
dumet
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US857945A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf F Strobel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips North America LLC
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3611010A publication Critical patent/US3611010A/en
Assigned to NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS ELECTRIC CORP. reassignment NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS ELECTRIC CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/62—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • H01K1/70—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp with built-in short-circuiting device, e.g. for serially connected lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/18—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
    • H01K1/32—Envelopes; Vessels provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof

Definitions

  • the intervening layers of nonconductive material insulate the leads under the low voltage conditions which prevail during series operation olthe lamp hut break down when the filament burns out and l'ull line voltage is applied to the lead wires.
  • the leads are thus automatically short-cireuited and the remaining lamps in the circuit continue to operate.
  • the leads are made of oxidized dumet wire and are thus inherently provided with a copper oxide coating which serves as the insulating means.
  • WITNESSES M 917. M w 6% BY 3 375-. 1.1 V
  • the present invention relates to electric lamps and has particular reference to an electric incandescent lamp that is adapted to be operated in a series circuit with other lamps and has an improved integral means for automatically short-circuiting the lamp when it fails and thus preventing it from rendering the circuit inoperative.
  • One arrangement which has been used consists of wrapping a length of anodized aluminum wire (known as magnalium wire) around the lead wires within the envelope.
  • the conductive properties of the anodized aluminum wire are such that the leads remain insulated from each other while the lamps operate normally at low voltage.
  • magnalium wire anodized aluminum wire
  • the conductive properties of the anodized aluminum wire are such that the leads remain insulated from each other while the lamps operate normally at low voltage.
  • magnalium wire anodized aluminum wire
  • a more specific object is the provisionof a miniature incandescent lamp that is adapted for use in series type circuits such as Christmas tree lighting strings or the like, and has an integral short-circuiting component that is reliable, inexpensive and permits the lamps to be assembled efficiently on a massproduction basis.
  • the lead wires of a miniature incandescent lamp adapted for use in series-type Christmas tree lighting strings are fabricated from oxidized dumet wire that are so shaped that selected portions of the lead wires inside the lamp touch one another and are held in this position by a bead of fused glass.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a miniature incandescent lamp which embodies the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view through the beaded short-circuiting component of the lamp.
  • FIG. I there is shown a miniature wedge-base" type Christmas tree lamp 10 which embodies the present invention and consists of a vitreous light-transmitting envelope 12 of elongated configuration that is closed at one end by a press seal 14 and is tipped off at its opposite end in the well-known manner to form a nodular seal tip 16 of fused glass.
  • the envelope 12 is evacuated and contains a filament 18 of tungsten wire or the like that is fastened, as by spot welding, to the ends of a pair of suitable lead-in conductors such as sections of oxidized dumet wire 20.
  • the outer ends of the dumet lead wires 20 extend through the press seal 14 and are bent upwardly along opposite faces of the seal.
  • the exposed ends of the leads 20 thus extend across transverse grooves 15 formed in the flat faces of the press 14 and serve as the lamp terminals.
  • shortcircuiting of the lamp 10 is automatically achieved when the filament l8 burns out by-shaping the inner portions of the oxidized lead wires 20 in such a manner that they contact one another at a locationbetween the press 14 and the filament 18, as shown in FIG..2.
  • the wires 20 are held in this position by a suitable bridging member of electrically nonconductive rigid material, such as a head 22 of fused glass.
  • a suitable bridging member of electrically nonconductive rigid material such as a head 22 of fused glass.
  • - dumet wire consists of a nickel-iron core wire that is clad with copper which is heat treated to controllably oxidize the copper surface.
  • the nickel-iron core of the dumet wire generally comprises an alloy of 42 percent nickel and 58 percent iron.
  • the copper cladding comprises about 24 percent of the finished wire by weight.
  • the core and the copper cladding are bonded metallurgically so that the composite wire hasa continuous metal structure.
  • the nickel-iron core gives strength to the dumet wire and its expansion is close to that of the soft glasses used for lamp envelopes.
  • the degree to which the copper cladding of dumet wire has been oxidized is indicated by the color of the finished wire. It can vary from the natural color of unoxidized copper to the dark red or purple colors that are characteristics of heavily oxidized copper.
  • the dumet is oxidized to a degree such the wire segment that is embedded in the glass seal is light salmon pink in color.
  • the dumet is subjected to a borating" treatment after it is oxidized.
  • a borating treatment after it is oxidized.
  • This consists of coating the wire with a concentrated solution of a suitable borate compound, such as sodium tetraborate, and then heating the wire to form a fused film of borate.
  • This borate film is readily absorbed by the molten glass and protects the dumet from further oxidization during the sealing-in operation.
  • the borate film melts and is removed from the unsealed portions of the dumet wire by the sealing fires.
  • the borating process is described in detail in US. Pat. No. 1,268,647 issued June 4, 1918 to W. L. Van Keuren.
  • the contacting portions of the dumet leads 20 that are embedded in the glass bead 22 are insulated from each other by the intervening layers 21 of copper oxide and constitute an elongated short-circuiting component 24.
  • the lamp 10 will operate in the normal fashion when placed in a series circuit for which it is designed.
  • the filament l8 fails and the full line voltage volts in the case of a Christmas tree lampstring operated in the home
  • the copper oxide coating 21 breaks down and short circuits the leads-thus automatically cutting the lamp out of the circuit and allowing the other lamps in the string to remain operating.
  • the weight of the copper oxide coating can vary from about 0.4 percent to 1 percent based on the wire weight.
  • the corresponding breakdown voltage range was from about 55 to 80 volts (average).
  • the copper oxide coating may include very small amounts of compounds, such as B produced by the borate film when the latter decomposes during the scaling in operation. However, such compounds do not interfere with the function of the Cu,0 coating as an insulator.
  • the leads 20 of the lamp are composed entirely of oxidized dumet wire, the copper oxide coating on the exposed portions of the leads which serve as the lamp terminals do not interfere with the normal operation of the lamp since the coating is very thin and is scraped off the exposed parts of the leads when the lamp is inserted into its socket and the socket contacts "bite" into and crimp the leads. A positive electrical connection between the lamp terminals and socket contacts is thus achieved.
  • a threaded or other suitable base member is used and is soldered to the outer ends of the leads, a permanent electrical connection is effected by the soldered joints.
  • multisection lead wires can be used in which only selected intermediate portions of the leads are made of oxidized dumet wire and held in contacting relationship by a glass bead or the like.
  • the invention is also not limited to oxidized dumet wire or the use of copper oxide as the insulating material.
  • Lead-in conductors composed of other metals whose oxides are nonconductive can thus be used.
  • nickel, nickel-plated copper, or aluminum lead wires can be employedin which case the insulating material would be the oxide of the respective metals.
  • Leads of solid copper could also be employed. in each case, however, the portions of the leads that are sealed within the glass press or stem of the lamp would be made of dumet or other suitable material that will provide the required hermetic seal.
  • the invention can be used with various kinds of lead wires and in lamps of various types, ratings and sizes.
  • a sealed light-transmitting envelope that contains a filament, a pair of lead-in conductors extending into said envelope and electrically connected to said filament, and means for automatically short-circuiting the lamp when the filament fails during operation
  • means for automatically short-circuiting the lamp when the filament fails during operation comprising (a) interior portions of said lead-in conductors that are disposed in side-by-side abutting relationship with one another and have a coating of insulating material thereon, and (b) a rigid bridge member of fused electrically nonconductive material that is bonded to and holds the said coated interior portions of the lead-in conductors in abutting and contacting relationship.
  • the electric incandescent lamp of claim 1 wherein said coating of insulating material comprises copper oxide and the underlying parts of said lead-in conductors are composed of copper.
  • the abutting interior portions of said lead-in conductors comprise substantially straight wires that are composed of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel-plated copper, aluminum, copper and dumet, and
  • said coating of insulating material comprises the oxide of the metal which constitutes the underlying surface of said wires.
  • the abutting interior portions of said lead-in conductors comprise substantially straight segments of oxidized dumet wire
  • said rigid bridge member comprises a vitreous body
  • said segments of oxidized dumet wire are embedded in said vitreous body.
  • said lamp is of the miniature type and has an elongated envelope that is terminated at one end by a press seal,
  • said lead-in conductors comprise sections of oxidized dumet wire that extend through said press seal
  • said insulating coating thus comprises copper oxide
  • said rigid bridge member comprises a bead of fused glass that encloses the abutting portions of said dumet wires
  • said glass bead is bonded to intermediate portions of the dumet wires that are located between said filament and press seal.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US857945A 1969-09-15 1969-09-15 Series-type electric incandescent lamp with integral automatic cutout means Expired - Lifetime US3611010A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85794569A 1969-09-15 1969-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3611010A true US3611010A (en) 1971-10-05

Family

ID=25327085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US857945A Expired - Lifetime US3611010A (en) 1969-09-15 1969-09-15 Series-type electric incandescent lamp with integral automatic cutout means

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3611010A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS4930952B1 (enExample)
KR (2) KR780001345Y1 (enExample)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3794880A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-02-26 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp for serial connection, provided with a short-circuit mechanism acting as a fuse at the same time
US4039885A (en) * 1975-02-22 1977-08-02 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp
DE3620373A1 (de) * 1986-06-18 1987-12-23 Philips Patentverwaltung Elektrische gluehlampe fuer reihenschaltung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
CN104952693A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2015-09-30 东芝照明技术株式会社 白炽灯泡
DE102018101974A1 (de) 2018-01-30 2019-08-01 Infrasolid Gmbh Infrarotstrahlungsquelle

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5367365U (enExample) * 1976-11-09 1978-06-06
JP6413279B2 (ja) * 2014-03-25 2018-10-31 東芝ライテック株式会社 車両用白熱電球、および車両用白熱電球の製造方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US444929A (en) * 1891-01-20 Incandescent electric lamp
US1809673A (en) * 1930-05-21 1931-06-09 Gen Electric Electrical protective device
DE894287C (de) * 1951-11-30 1953-10-22 Patra Patent Treuhand Elektrische Lampe oder Entladungsroehre

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US444929A (en) * 1891-01-20 Incandescent electric lamp
US1809673A (en) * 1930-05-21 1931-06-09 Gen Electric Electrical protective device
DE894287C (de) * 1951-11-30 1953-10-22 Patra Patent Treuhand Elektrische Lampe oder Entladungsroehre

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3794880A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-02-26 Philips Corp Electric incandescent lamp for serial connection, provided with a short-circuit mechanism acting as a fuse at the same time
US4039885A (en) * 1975-02-22 1977-08-02 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp
DE3620373A1 (de) * 1986-06-18 1987-12-23 Philips Patentverwaltung Elektrische gluehlampe fuer reihenschaltung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4808885A (en) * 1986-06-18 1989-02-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp for series arrangement having an electrically conductive vitreous body connecting oxide coated current-supply conductors
CN104952693A (zh) * 2014-03-25 2015-09-30 东芝照明技术株式会社 白炽灯泡
EP2924714A3 (en) * 2014-03-25 2015-12-02 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Incandescent lamp with improved leads
US9349581B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2016-05-24 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation Incandescent lamp
CN104952693B (zh) * 2014-03-25 2018-03-30 东芝照明技术株式会社 白炽灯泡
DE102018101974A1 (de) 2018-01-30 2019-08-01 Infrasolid Gmbh Infrarotstrahlungsquelle
DE102018101974B4 (de) * 2018-01-30 2025-05-15 Infrasolid Gmbh Infrarotstrahlungsquelle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR780001345Y1 (en) 1978-11-27
JPS4930952B1 (enExample) 1974-08-17
KR780001344Y1 (en) 1978-11-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4603278A (en) Electric lamp with insulating base
US3315216A (en) Lamp base and terminal structure
US3611010A (en) Series-type electric incandescent lamp with integral automatic cutout means
GB976445A (en) Electric lamp
US6653782B2 (en) Fuse and safety switch for halogen incandescent lamps
US3014196A (en) Lamp base
US4724353A (en) Electric lamp with insulating base
US2183952A (en) Fuse lead construction for electric lamps
US4398124A (en) Electric lamp unit with improved fuse means
US2477372A (en) Electric gaseous discharge lamp
US4138623A (en) Lamp leads
US2950417A (en) Series electric lamp
US3265922A (en) Electric lamp
US3600053A (en) Single-ended filament lamps
US2081801A (en) Incandescent electric lamp
US4415836A (en) Lamp with improved fuse wire
US2709767A (en) Electric discharge device
US3791710A (en) Method for producing a multiple filamented cartridge lamp
US2188298A (en) Seal for evacuated devices
US1595535A (en) Headlight bulb
US1803486A (en) Cut-out for incandescent electric lamps
US4621220A (en) Incandescent lamp having two lead-in conductors sealed within one end thereof
US2021758A (en) Electric lamp
US2211884A (en) Incandescent lamp
US2482509A (en) Incandescent electricl lamp for series service

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: NORTH AMERICAN PHILIPS ELECTRIC CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004113/0393

Effective date: 19830316