US3609088A - Method of preparing agglomerated detergent composition - Google Patents
Method of preparing agglomerated detergent composition Download PDFInfo
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- US3609088A US3609088A US826481A US3609088DA US3609088A US 3609088 A US3609088 A US 3609088A US 826481 A US826481 A US 826481A US 3609088D A US3609088D A US 3609088DA US 3609088 A US3609088 A US 3609088A
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 47
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M (3R,5S)-fluvastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C12=CC=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001556567 Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XVNRSQASUCMHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N O[Si](O)(O)O.OP(O)(O)=O Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.OP(O)(O)=O XVNRSQASUCMHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXOSJYJMDROL-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminum;trisodium;diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZQKXOSJYJMDROL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 disulfonated dodecyl diphenyl oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 101150007166 ensa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IFIDXBCRSWOUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;1,3-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound [K+].ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O IFIDXBCRSWOUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPSILLNWMJOWNM-UJMOMDHXSA-N utilin Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C3(O)CC1(C)[C@H](CC(=O)OC)[C@@]3(C)[C@@]13OC4(C)OC5([C@]3([C@@H]2OC(C)=O)O4)CC(=O)O[C@H]([C@]5(C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)C(C)CC)C1=COC=C1)O)OC(=O)C1(C)OC1C HPSILLNWMJOWNM-UJMOMDHXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195056 utilin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
- C11D3/3958—Bleaching agents combined with phosphates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/12—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/16—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
- C11D11/0088—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads the liquefied ingredients being sprayed or adsorbed onto solid particles
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of producing a detergent composition. More particularly, it relates to a process utilin'ng known detergent composition ingredients, such as, e.g., automatic dishwashing composition ingredients for producing agglomerates that require little aging or post-preparation grind-
- One commercial home automatic dishwashing composition is believed to be prepared by a process described in U.S. Pat No. 2,895,916.
- the composition contains a water-soluble alkaline condensed phosphate, a water-soluble alkali metal silicate, and chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate.
- the process contains the steps of adding to a substantially anhydrous alkaline condensed phosphate, a certain alkali metal silicate and water in an amount at least adequate to wet the said condensed phosphate sufficiently to induce agglomeration and insufficient to destroy the discrete particle characteristic of the condensed phosphate-silicate mixture, agitating the mixture while keeping the temperature from going above about 130 F., then adding chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate to said mixture, agitating the resultant mixture, aging the said resultant mixture to substantially complete hydration while intermittently agitating it and reducing the agglomerates formed to the desired size, the total amount of water added, exclusive of water introduced with the chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate, being from about 12 percent to about 25 percent by weight of the final detergent composition.
- the process calls for a first step which comprises mixing together sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate and water under specified conditions to induce agglomeration; and a second step which comprises separately adding to the partially agglomerated mixture the chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate.
- the resultant mixture is agitated and then aged to substantially complete hydration with intermittent agitation.
- the aging period is about 4 hours.
- the term aging as used herein means that period of time necessary to complete the hydration of ingredients.
- the automatic dishwashing composition prepared by the process of this invention is free-flowing, noncaking and nonfriable. It is chlorine stable and it can have a high moisture content ifdesired.
- a principal object of the present invention is to overcome the aging and grinding steps in the preparation of home auto matic dishwashing composition.
- Another object is to prepare a controllable particle size free-flowing, noncaking home automatic dishwuhing composition which is chlorine stable.
- Still another object of this invention is to prepare a homogeneous, nonsegregating substantially dust-free agglomerste of home automatic dishwashing ingredients in either a batch or continuous operation.
- the home auto- Another object is to prepare a detergent composition which is noncaking in the dispenser of a home automatic dishwashing machine.
- a further object is to provide a process for preparing detergent compositions wherein it is possible in one operation to mix particulate ingredients, including active chlorine containing compounds as hereinafter defined and then add liquid materials as hereinafter defined and run on a continuous basis to produce and package a home automatic dishwashing composition.
- detergent composition ingredients e.g., home automatic dishwashing ingredients
- particulate form such as in powder or fine crystalline form
- a preferred agglomeration zone comprises an elongated cylindrical confined zone which is rotated about its longitudinal axis and which is adapted with suitable means for maintaining a falling curtain of the detergent ingredients communicating between an upper portion of the confined zone and a bed of the material maintained in the bottom portion thereof.
- the liquid material, defined hereinafier, of the home automatic dishwashing compounds is sprayed as discrete droplets through a suitable spray nozzle or noules.
- the droplets are then brought into contact with the particulate ingredients in the falling curtain, preferably of a constant density, thereby wetting the particles to form agglomerates, preferably without the liquid material being sprayed onto any part of the apparatus being used.
- the wetted particles fall to the bed of material maintained in the bottom portion of the agglomeration zone where they are subjected to shear which breaks the few large oversize agglomerates that happen to form into desirable uniform-sized particles.
- the rotating and tumbling action of the bed produces agglomerated particles of the home automatic dishwashing composition of the desired size.
- Particle size of the agglomerates can be varied by controlling the rate of rotation of the drum, the length of time of rotation, and the amount of liquid applied.
- the apparatus may generally comprise a frame 10 having an angularly adjustable bed 12, twoway acting power means [4 to selectively positioned bed 12 at any desired angle relative to the horizontal acylindrical drum 16, means 18 and 20 to rotatably support the drum on bed 12, and variable speed drive means 22, 24 and 26 to rotate the drum.
- Drum 16 comprises: an outer cylindrical shell or wall 28; an annular end plate 32 defining a feed opening 34 through which the particulate ingredients 36 are loaded; an annular end plate 38 defining a discharge opening 40 through which the agglomerated detergent composition 44 is discharged through hopper 42; a spiral conveyor vane 52 to move the particulate ingredients and/or partially agglomerated particle 36 through the drum toward the feed opening 34; and a spiral conveyor vane 46 to move the particulate ingredients 36 and/or agglomerated particle 44 toward the discharge opening 40; a feedline 56 provided with a plurality of spaced spray nozzle 58 (FIG.
- the preferred ingredients for the detergent composition specifically the home automatic dishwashing composition,
- alkaline condensed phosphate alkaline condensed phosphate
- active chlorine containing compound active chlorine containing compound
- C sodium or potassium silicates
- D surfactant
- E water
- the alkaline condensed phosphates preferably are those having a Na,O or K to P 0 ratio of about 1:1 to 2:1. More preferably. they are the pyrophosphates and polyphosphates. the more desirable are those that rapidly hydrate.
- the most preferred alkaline condensed phosphate is sodium tripolyphosphate. About 20 to 80 parts by weight of the alkaline condensed phosphate per 100 parts is useful in the composition. preferably the amount is about 30 to 60 parts by weight.
- the alkaline condensed phosphates can be used in anhydrous form or in a hydrated or partly hydrated form. preferably the anhydrous form.
- Another ingredient of the detergent compositions of this invention is an active chlorine-containing compound.
- the active chlorine-containing compound imparts germicidal, bleaching, water-sheeting and protein-removing action to the detergent compositions.
- Active chlorine-containing compounds which may be employed in accordance with this invention include chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate, trichlorocyanuric acid, the sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, the potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite and 1,3-dichloro- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Based on l00 parts of detergent composition, 0.5 to 35 parts of active chlorine-containing compound may be employed.
- chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate is employed, then from to 35 parts of the chlorine compound is preferred since the available chlorine in chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate is approximately 3.50 percent. Much higher amounts of chlorine are available in the chlorinated cyanuric acids and, therefore, when they are employed, from one-half to 10 parts of this chlorine compound is preferred. Generally, the amount of chlorine compound employed will depend upon the intended application of the detergent composition.
- the sodium or potassium silicates preferably are those having a Na,0 or K,O to SiO, ratio of about 1:3.75 to 2:1. More preferred, are the sodium silicates having a Na,O to SiO, ratio of about 13.22 to l:2.5. Preferably, about 3 to 30 parts by weight silicate (on an anhydrous basis) per 100 parts detergent should be used. A more preferred ratio is about 4 to 15.
- the silicate can be used in its anhydrous form or in its hydrated from or as a water solution of these forms or a combination thereof.
- Water solutions of silicates are known as liquid silicates and normally are the sodium silicates having Na,0: SiO ratios ranging from about l:l.60 to about 1:3.75.
- the surfactant preferably is a nonionic one that has little or no tendency to foam by itself or in the presence of a foamproducing food soil. It preferably is compatible with the chlorine-containing compound.
- Surfactants that are especially compatible with chlorine-containing compounds are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,856,434; 3,281,475 and 3,310,496; French Pat No. 1,395,977 and Netherlands Pat. No. 65/05065.
- the nonionic surfactants are well known in the art and have been described in various publications, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,390,092; 3,356,612 and 3,359,207, column 3, line 16 through column 5, line 33 which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Generally about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight surfactant, preferably nonionic type, per 100 parts of detergent composition is useful and such an amount is preferred. Minor amounts of an anionic surfactant can be used with the nonionic surfactant.
- the amount of water that is used in preparing the detergent composition is critical and must be between about 5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts detergent composition, depending upon the amount of particulate anhydrous ingredients that are used. At least sufficient water should be present to permit complete hydration of the alkaline condensed phosphate and more preferable, all hydratable ingredients.
- the water that is used can be water per se or water containing a dissolved ingredient.
- Such compounds include aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, soda ash, sodium aluminum phosphate, anhydrous tri-sodium phosphate, sodium aluminate, boric acid and borax.
- the ingredients of the detergent composition are combined as follows:
- all the particulate ingredients are mixed to form a homogeneous mixture, if they are not already so mixed.
- These particulate ingredients are, (a) alkaline condensed phosphate, (b) active chlorine-containing compound, and optional particulate ingredients such as soda ash.
- liquid materials are sprayed into a falling curtain of the particulate ingredients.
- the liquid materials are (l) the surfactant and (2) either a solution of silicate or water.
- a solution of silicate or water can also be used as "liquid materials.”
- the various liquid materials can be sprayed in any order of addition, preferably the surfactant is added in an anhydrous state onto the particulate ingredients containing no free water. Free water does not include the water of hydration of the particulate ingedients.
- the surfactant is sprayed onto a falling curtain of the particulate ingredients.
- an aqueous solution of the silicate is sprayed onto a falling curtain of the particulate ingredients and the surfactant. if the needed amount of water has not been added with the silicate, the remainder can be added by spraying in a similar manner to that of the surfactant and the aqueous solution of the silicate.
- the solid silicate can be included with the aforedescribed particulate ingredients. In this event, water is sprayed onto the curtain of dry ingredients and surfactant in place of the aqueous solution of silicate.
- a cyanurate is the active chlorine-containing compound, it should be added in dry form onto the formed agglomerated particles.
- the size of the agglomerates that can be produced in the practice of this invention is between about 10 and about 60 U.S. mesh size, preferably a mesh size between 12 and about 40 is produced.
- the particle size of the dry ingredient used in preparing the agglomerates is about 200 U.S. mesh size.
- the particulate ingredients are added and allowed to dry blend to a homogeneous mixture, usually for about 2 minutes.
- a mixture of the liquid surfactants is sprayed onto a falling curtain of the mixed particulate ingredients from spray nozzles 58 at a pressure of about 30 to 60 p.s.i. at a temperature of (JO-100 C. in about 1 to 2 minutes.
- the water is sprayed at about 20-30 p.s.i. in a similar manner for that of the liquid surfactants.
- the liquid sodium silicate is sprayed at a temperature of 30l00 C. at a pressure of 40 to 80 p.s.i. for about minutes.
- the rotation is continued for about 20-30 minutes to cool the resulting agglomerates.
- the agglomerated composition can be removed from the apparatus immediately after the silicate addition to be cooled in a rotary cooler for a minimum of 10-15 minutes if desired.
- EXAMPLE 11 The home automatic dishwashing composition which was prepared in example 1, along with two of the available commercial home automatic dishwashing compositions, were evaluated as follows: Bulk density and frangibility data are obtained by a consolidated procedure. A bulk density determination is made on a 100 gm. sample. This sample is then screened utilizing Ro-Tap machine. The screen fractions are weighed, recombined and placed in a half-gallon jar with four, 1.5-inch diameter, hard rubber balls. The jar is turned on a jar roller for 30 minutes at 60 r.p.m. A second bulk density determination is made on the sample. The difference between initial and final values is reported as frangibility.
- composition prepared in example I is given the designation sample No. 2, and the two commercial compositions are given the designation sample Nos. A and B.
- the evaluation test results for these compositions are reported in table 1.
- sample No. A a commercial compound, is believed to have been formulated with ingredients and amounts similar to that shown in sample No. 2.
- the data shows that sample No. 2 lost only 34 percent of its available chlorine after days exposure to theai atroomtemperature compared to a 94 percent loss for commercial sample A.
- the data shows that sample No. 2 lost 20 percent of its available chlorine as compared to a percent loss for sample No. A.
- Sample No. 8 another commercial compound. is believed to have been fonnulated with ingredients and amounts similar to that shown in sample No. 5.
- the data shows that sample No. 5 lost only 2 percent of its available chlorine after 30 days exposure to the air at room temperature, compared to a 10 percent loss for commercial sample No. B.
- a method of producing agglomerates of detergent ingredients which comprises (1) charging particulate detergent ingredients consisting essentially of about 20 to 80 parts by weight of an alkaline condensed phosphate having a Na,O or K,0 to P,0 ratio ofabout 1:1 to 2:1, (b) about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight trichlorocyanuric acid, sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid or potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid (c) about 3 to 30 parts by weight (on an anhydrous basis) sodium or potassium silicate having a Na,0 or K,O to SiO, ratio of about 13.75 to 2:1 (d) about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant, and (e) about 5 to parts by weight water all per 100 parts by weight of total detergent ingredients into an agglomeration zone, (2) maintaining a falling curtain of said ingredients in said zone (3) contacting said ingredients in said falling curtain with liquid materials selected from the group consisting of water, nonionic surfactant and aqueous solution of said silicate to a
- detergent ingredients consist essentially of (a) about 30 to parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate (b) about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of potassium or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (c) about 3 to 30 parts by weight of a sodium silicate having a Na,O to SiO, ratio of about 1:3.75 to 2:] (d) about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant that has little or no tendency to foam by itself or in the presence of foam-producing food soil and is compatible with said potassium or sodium TABLE I.-AGGLOMERATED HOME AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING COMPOUNDS Sample Number A B 1 2 3' 4 5 6 7 8 10 Sodium tripolypliosphate 32 30.
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Abstract
A method of producing agglomerates of detergent ingredients by charging particulate detergent ingredients into an agglomeration zone and maintaining a falling curtain of said ingredients in said zone, contacting said particulate material in said falling curtain with liquid material to agglomerate said particulate material, maintaining a tumbling bed of agglomerating ingredients at the base of said falling curtain and withdrawing agglomerated material from said agglomeration zone.
Description
2 5 2 9 9 0 AU 1 6 5 E X 72 Inventor Clark mm [56] um-cm 33;. Call- UNn'ED STATES PATENTS I211 3,247,; la 4/1966 Mimi 252/99 I221 FM 3,306,858 2/1967 Oberle 252/99 I451 "Q 3,359,201 l2ll967 Kaneko m1 252/99 [73] Aaaguee StaaflerChe-kalCa-py N" y my, Prinwry MIMI-Ml6l Wemblatt m d M 5-; Attorneys-Daniel C. Block and Edwin H. Baker 764,634,0d- 11,1968. Y
A of agglomeratet of deter- :mgmgg gent ingredienta by charging mm: detergent ingredients 5 c znnmm into an agglomeration zone and maintaining a falling curtain of said ingredients in aaid none, contacting said particulate [52] 1.8. 252/99, material in said falling curtain with liquid material to ag- 23/313 glomerate said particulate material, maintaining a tumbling [51] Int. PL Clld 7/56 bed of agglomerating ingredients at the bane of said falling [50] Field of Search 282/99; curtain and withdrawing agglomerated material from said agglomeration wne.
PATENIEII SEP28I97I 3,609,088
LIQUID SPRAY MATERIAL L, FALLING CURTAINS PARTICULATE DETERGENT INGREDIENT INVFIN'I'UR. CLARK A. SUMNER BY WNW ATTORNEY METHOD OF PREPARING AGGIDMERATED DETERGENT COMPOSITION This application is a continuation of pending application Ser. No. 764,634, filed Oct. ll, 1968.
This invention relates to a method of producing a detergent composition. More particularly, it relates to a process utilin'ng known detergent composition ingredients, such as, e.g., automatic dishwashing composition ingredients for producing agglomerates that require little aging or post-preparation grind- One commercial home automatic dishwashing composition is believed to be prepared by a process described in U.S. Pat No. 2,895,916. The composition contains a water-soluble alkaline condensed phosphate, a water-soluble alkali metal silicate, and chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate. The process contains the steps of adding to a substantially anhydrous alkaline condensed phosphate, a certain alkali metal silicate and water in an amount at least adequate to wet the said condensed phosphate sufficiently to induce agglomeration and insufficient to destroy the discrete particle characteristic of the condensed phosphate-silicate mixture, agitating the mixture while keeping the temperature from going above about 130 F., then adding chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate to said mixture, agitating the resultant mixture, aging the said resultant mixture to substantially complete hydration while intermittently agitating it and reducing the agglomerates formed to the desired size, the total amount of water added, exclusive of water introduced with the chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate, being from about 12 percent to about 25 percent by weight of the final detergent composition.
In other words, the process calls for a first step which comprises mixing together sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate and water under specified conditions to induce agglomeration; and a second step which comprises separately adding to the partially agglomerated mixture the chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate. The resultant mixture is agitated and then aged to substantially complete hydration with intermittent agitation. The aging period is about 4 hours. The term aging as used herein means that period of time necessary to complete the hydration of ingredients.
Apparently, during this aging period, substantial completion of the hydration of the tripolyphosphate takes place. Thereafter, the resulting agglomerates are reduced to the desired size before packaging.
it should be noted that in an older prior art method of preparing a similar detergent composition described in the patent for comparative purposes, an aging period of an even greater period of time is stated.
US. Pat. No. 3,247,l l8, Lever Brothers, describes a process for preparing dishwashing compositions similar to those described in U.S. Pat No. 2,895,916 wherein the aging period is reduced to about 1 hour. However, the process utilizes an additional step of passing heated air over the agglomerated granules while they are admixed in a rotating drum.
it has been found, quite surprisingly, matic dishwashing compositions prepared according to the method hereafter described do not require an aging period before packaging, but only cooling to room temperature before packaging, nor do the agglomerates produced thereby require any reduction in size before packaging.
In addition, the automatic dishwashing composition prepared by the process of this invention is free-flowing, noncaking and nonfriable. It is chlorine stable and it can have a high moisture content ifdesired.
A principal object of the present invention is to overcome the aging and grinding steps in the preparation of home auto matic dishwashing composition.
Another object is to prepare a controllable particle size free-flowing, noncaking home automatic dishwuhing composition which is chlorine stable.
Still another object of this invention is to prepare a homogeneous, nonsegregating substantially dust-free agglomerste of home automatic dishwashing ingredients in either a batch or continuous operation.
that the home auto- Another object is to prepare a detergent composition which is noncaking in the dispenser of a home automatic dishwashing machine.
A further object is to provide a process for preparing detergent compositions wherein it is possible in one operation to mix particulate ingredients, including active chlorine containing compounds as hereinafter defined and then add liquid materials as hereinafter defined and run on a continuous basis to produce and package a home automatic dishwashing composition.
These and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the present invention in the following manner. Generally, in a continuous operation, detergent composition ingredients, e.g., home automatic dishwashing ingredients, in particulate form such as in powder or fine crystalline form are charged into a bed of material being agglomerated in a suitable agglomeration zone. A preferred agglomeration zone comprises an elongated cylindrical confined zone which is rotated about its longitudinal axis and which is adapted with suitable means for maintaining a falling curtain of the detergent ingredients communicating between an upper portion of the confined zone and a bed of the material maintained in the bottom portion thereof. The liquid material, defined hereinafier, of the home automatic dishwashing compounds is sprayed as discrete droplets through a suitable spray nozzle or noules. The droplets are then brought into contact with the particulate ingredients in the falling curtain, preferably of a constant density, thereby wetting the particles to form agglomerates, preferably without the liquid material being sprayed onto any part of the apparatus being used. The wetted particles fall to the bed of material maintained in the bottom portion of the agglomeration zone where they are subjected to shear which breaks the few large oversize agglomerates that happen to form into desirable uniform-sized particles. The rotating and tumbling action of the bed produces agglomerated particles of the home automatic dishwashing composition of the desired size. Particle size of the agglomerates can be varied by controlling the rate of rotation of the drum, the length of time of rotation, and the amount of liquid applied.
More specifically referring to the drawings, with particular initial reference to FIG. 1, the apparatus may generally comprise a frame 10 having an angularly adjustable bed 12, twoway acting power means [4 to selectively positioned bed 12 at any desired angle relative to the horizontal acylindrical drum 16, means 18 and 20 to rotatably support the drum on bed 12, and variable speed drive means 22, 24 and 26 to rotate the drum.
Other apparatus useful in the practice of this invention is described in pending application Ser. No. 858,213, filed May 2, 1969 to which reference is hereby made.
The ingredients that are useful in preparing automatic home dishwashing composition are well known to those skilled in the art. They have been described in numerous patents and articles, for example U.S. Pat Nos. 3,359,207; 3.247118; 2,895,916; 2,756,214 and 2,689,225.
The preferred ingredients for the detergent composition, specifically the home automatic dishwashing composition,
that can be made by the process of this invention are as follows: (A) alkaline condensed phosphate, (B) active chlorine containing compound, (C) sodium or potassium silicates, (D) surfactant and (E) water.
The alkaline condensed phosphates preferably are those having a Na,O or K to P 0 ratio of about 1:1 to 2:1. More preferably. they are the pyrophosphates and polyphosphates. the more desirable are those that rapidly hydrate. The most preferred alkaline condensed phosphate is sodium tripolyphosphate. About 20 to 80 parts by weight of the alkaline condensed phosphate per 100 parts is useful in the composition. preferably the amount is about 30 to 60 parts by weight. The alkaline condensed phosphates can be used in anhydrous form or in a hydrated or partly hydrated form. preferably the anhydrous form.
Another ingredient of the detergent compositions of this invention is an active chlorine-containing compound. The active chlorine-containing compound imparts germicidal, bleaching, water-sheeting and protein-removing action to the detergent compositions. Active chlorine-containing compounds which may be employed in accordance with this invention include chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate, trichlorocyanuric acid, the sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, the potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid, sodium hypochlorite and 1,3-dichloro- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Based on l00 parts of detergent composition, 0.5 to 35 parts of active chlorine-containing compound may be employed. If chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate is employed, then from to 35 parts of the chlorine compound is preferred since the available chlorine in chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate is approximately 3.50 percent. Much higher amounts of chlorine are available in the chlorinated cyanuric acids and, therefore, when they are employed, from one-half to 10 parts of this chlorine compound is preferred. Generally, the amount of chlorine compound employed will depend upon the intended application of the detergent composition.
The sodium or potassium silicates preferably are those having a Na,0 or K,O to SiO, ratio of about 1:3.75 to 2:1. More preferred, are the sodium silicates having a Na,O to SiO, ratio of about 13.22 to l:2.5. Preferably, about 3 to 30 parts by weight silicate (on an anhydrous basis) per 100 parts detergent should be used. A more preferred ratio is about 4 to 15. The silicate can be used in its anhydrous form or in its hydrated from or as a water solution of these forms or a combination thereof.
Water solutions of silicates are known as liquid silicates and normally are the sodium silicates having Na,0: SiO ratios ranging from about l:l.60 to about 1:3.75.
The surfactant preferably is a nonionic one that has little or no tendency to foam by itself or in the presence of a foamproducing food soil. It preferably is compatible with the chlorine-containing compound. Surfactants that are especially compatible with chlorine-containing compounds are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,856,434; 3,281,475 and 3,310,496; French Pat No. 1,395,977 and Netherlands Pat. No. 65/05065. The nonionic surfactants are well known in the art and have been described in various publications, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,390,092; 3,356,612 and 3,359,207, column 3, line 16 through column 5, line 33 which is incorporated herein by reference. Generally about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight surfactant, preferably nonionic type, per 100 parts of detergent composition is useful and such an amount is preferred. Minor amounts of an anionic surfactant can be used with the nonionic surfactant.
The amount of water that is used in preparing the detergent composition is critical and must be between about 5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts detergent composition, depending upon the amount of particulate anhydrous ingredients that are used. At least sufficient water should be present to permit complete hydration of the alkaline condensed phosphate and more preferable, all hydratable ingredients. The water that is used can be water per se or water containing a dissolved ingredient.
Other ingredients can optionally be included in the detergent formulation for various results. Such compounds include aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, soda ash, sodium aluminum phosphate, anhydrous tri-sodium phosphate, sodium aluminate, boric acid and borax.
The ingredients of the detergent composition are combined as follows:
According to one method, all the particulate ingredients are mixed to form a homogeneous mixture, if they are not already so mixed. These particulate ingredients are, (a) alkaline condensed phosphate, (b) active chlorine-containing compound, and optional particulate ingredients such as soda ash.
Next, the liquid materials" are sprayed into a falling curtain of the particulate ingredients.
The liquid materials" are (l) the surfactant and (2) either a solution of silicate or water. Optionally, water, a solution of a portion of the other particulate ingredients or a solution of optional ingredients can also be used as "liquid materials."
The various liquid materials can be sprayed in any order of addition, preferably the surfactant is added in an anhydrous state onto the particulate ingredients containing no free water. Free water does not include the water of hydration of the particulate ingedients.
According to one embodiment of this invention, the surfactant is sprayed onto a falling curtain of the particulate ingredients.
Next, an aqueous solution of the silicate is sprayed onto a falling curtain of the particulate ingredients and the surfactant. if the needed amount of water has not been added with the silicate, the remainder can be added by spraying in a similar manner to that of the surfactant and the aqueous solution of the silicate.
If it is desired to use a solid form of silicate, the solid silicate can be included with the aforedescribed particulate ingredients. In this event, water is sprayed onto the curtain of dry ingredients and surfactant in place of the aqueous solution of silicate.
Preferably when a cyanurate is the active chlorine-containing compound, it should be added in dry form onto the formed agglomerated particles.
Generally, the size of the agglomerates that can be produced in the practice of this invention is between about 10 and about 60 U.S. mesh size, preferably a mesh size between 12 and about 40 is produced. Normally, the particle size of the dry ingredient used in preparing the agglomerates is about 200 U.S. mesh size.
Having thus described the invention in general tenns, reference is now made to the figure of the drawing which describes one preferred apparatus for carrying out the process of the present invention. The preferred apparatus is described herein and illustrated in the figure of the drawing.
The following examples will serve to illustrate the process of this invention. The amounts of the ingredients are expressed in pounds, unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE I A representative agglomeration is carried out batchwise in the agglomerator apparatus, similar to that shown in the drawings and described heretofor using the following recipe:
1. Particulate ingredients Sodium tripolyphosphate 30.0 Soda uh 7.0 Chlorinated triaodium phosphate 3 l .0 Sodium aluminate 0.5
1. Liquid nonionic surfactant amine polyglycol condensate type I 0.6
Sodium salt of disulfonated dodecyl diphenyl oxide 0.5 3. Water I L5 4. Liquid sodium silicate 19.0
First, the particulate ingredients are added and allowed to dry blend to a homogeneous mixture, usually for about 2 minutes. Next, a mixture of the liquid surfactants is sprayed onto a falling curtain of the mixed particulate ingredients from spray nozzles 58 at a pressure of about 30 to 60 p.s.i. at a temperature of (JO-100 C. in about 1 to 2 minutes. Next, the water is sprayed at about 20-30 p.s.i. in a similar manner for that of the liquid surfactants. Finally, the liquid sodium silicate is sprayed at a temperature of 30l00 C. at a pressure of 40 to 80 p.s.i. for about minutes.
The rotation is continued for about 20-30 minutes to cool the resulting agglomerates.
The agglomerated composition can be removed from the apparatus immediately after the silicate addition to be cooled in a rotary cooler for a minimum of 10-15 minutes if desired.
EXAMPLE 11 The home automatic dishwashing composition which was prepared in example 1, along with two of the available commercial home automatic dishwashing compositions, were evaluated as follows: Bulk density and frangibility data are obtained by a consolidated procedure. A bulk density determination is made on a 100 gm. sample. This sample is then screened utilizing Ro-Tap machine. The screen fractions are weighed, recombined and placed in a half-gallon jar with four, 1.5-inch diameter, hard rubber balls. The jar is turned on a jar roller for 30 minutes at 60 r.p.m. A second bulk density determination is made on the sample. The difference between initial and final values is reported as frangibility. The negative values seen in some of these samples can be attributed to water loss with little or no breakdown of the agglomerated particles Dishwashing effectiveness is determined by washing plates soiled with standard milk-margarine mixture. A.G.E. Mobil Maid is used with tap water at 125 to 140 F. and approximately 5 ppm. hardness. Observation of haze, spots and streaks is made and a subjective ranking is applied by three observers. For simplicity, the numerical values have been converted to an excellent to poor" grading.
Comparison has been made of the calculated available chlorine with the actual values observed. The stability of the available chlorine was evaluated by aging at 40 C. in sealed jars and at ambient room conditions in open jars.
The composition prepared in example I is given the designation sample No. 2, and the two commercial compositions are given the designation sample Nos. A and B. The evaluation test results for these compositions are reported in table 1.
Also several other detergent composition agglomerations were prepared according to the procedure of example 1 and evaluated by the test procedures previously described, unless otherwise indicated.
The recipes and test results are reported Sample M 4912,
in table I under Sample No. A, a commercial compound, is believed to have been formulated with ingredients and amounts similar to that shown in sample No. 2. The data shows that sample No. 2 lost only 34 percent of its available chlorine after days exposure to theai atroomtemperature compared to a 94 percent loss for commercial sample A. When tested at C. in closed containers, the data shows that sample No. 2 lost 20 percent of its available chlorine as compared to a percent loss for sample No. A.
Sample No. 8, another commercial compound. is believed to have been fonnulated with ingredients and amounts similar to that shown in sample No. 5. The data shows that sample No. 5 lost only 2 percent of its available chlorine after 30 days exposure to the air at room temperature, compared to a 10 percent loss for commercial sample No. B.
The data for sample Nos. 3 and 4 show that the order of addition of the liquid materials is not critical.
1 claim:
1. A method of producing agglomerates of detergent ingredients which comprises (1) charging particulate detergent ingredients consisting essentially of about 20 to 80 parts by weight of an alkaline condensed phosphate having a Na,O or K,0 to P,0 ratio ofabout 1:1 to 2:1, (b) about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight trichlorocyanuric acid, sodium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid or potassium salt of dichlorocyanuric acid (c) about 3 to 30 parts by weight (on an anhydrous basis) sodium or potassium silicate having a Na,0 or K,O to SiO, ratio of about 13.75 to 2:1 (d) about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant, and (e) about 5 to parts by weight water all per 100 parts by weight of total detergent ingredients into an agglomeration zone, (2) maintaining a falling curtain of said ingredients in said zone (3) contacting said ingredients in said falling curtain with liquid materials selected from the group consisting of water, nonionic surfactant and aqueous solution of said silicate to agglomerate said particulate material (4) maintaining a tumbling bed of agglomerating detergent ingredients at the base of said falling curtain and (5) withdrawing agglomerated material from said agglomeration zone.
. 2. The method of claim 1 in which said withdrawing agglomerated material from said agglomeration zone is done continuously.
3. The method of claim 1 in which said detergent ingredients consist essentially of (a) about 30 to parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate (b) about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of potassium or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (c) about 3 to 30 parts by weight of a sodium silicate having a Na,O to SiO, ratio of about 1:3.75 to 2:] (d) about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant that has little or no tendency to foam by itself or in the presence of foam-producing food soil and is compatible with said potassium or sodium TABLE I.-AGGLOMERATED HOME AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING COMPOUNDS Sample Number A B 1 2 3' 4 5 6 7 8 10 Sodium tripolypliosphate 32 30. 0 50. 6 50. 6 46. 5 29. 6 Chlorinated trisodium phosphate 30. 2 31 0 24 3 24. 3 00 30.0 Sodium hypochlorite (12%) Potassium dichloroisocyanurate.. 1 5 Soda ash 7. 3 Trisodiumphosphatc anhydrous 25. 0 Sodium nlumlnute 0. 5 0.3 Nonionie sut'lnetnnt nlkylnrylpolyether t 'p 0.6 0.6 Noninnie. surlnetnnt nulnepotv locol eon ensa yp 0.7 0. 7 1. 5 Sodium snlt of dlsullonnted dl ecyldlphenyl ox1de 0. 4 0. 5 0.3 0.3 0. 5 0. 4 Winery... 7.2 0.4 2.8 2.1'1 12.6 9.6 N-s'lllenl t- (llqllld) l7. 4 111.0 20.15 20. 8 12.0 19.1 Sodium metnslliente Witter. 2.2 Agglnun-ruting elntmetertstles F Mnx. ln-d temp, 41 4 4H (1 theory, percent 1,11 1.14 0.9 0.9 0.86 1.14 (,1 alter neg, percent 1. 01 1.12 0. 82 0. 83 0. 64 1.12 (1 loss upon agglomeration, percent... 9 2 J 8 26 32 Cl loss 30 day open 22 C., percent... 4 34 17 16 2 J (.l loss 30 day closed 40 C. percent 56 20 26 Z) 47 Dishu'nshing eflectivenc s F Bulk density (lbs/In 46. 5
Frangibility.
e Prepared in Example I.
Analysis run immediately after opening sealed ckages.
' E Excellent, \0 =\'ery Good, 0 Good, F=Fa P=Poor. Surfacts added alter silicate-water Zll11 ZtQ1le w in ,M WMWMW. fi A dichloroisocyanurate, and (e) water in an amount at least sufgredients also include as an optional ingredient soda ash. ficient to permit complete hydration of aid eodium 5. The method of claim 1 in which said detergent inu'ipdyphmilhaul gredients alto includes as optional ingrediems soda ash and 4. The method of claim 1 in which said detergent inborax.
Claims (4)
- 2. The method of claim 1 in which said withdrawing agglomerated material from said agglomeration zone is done continuously.
- 3. The method of claim 1 in which said detergent ingredients consist essentially of (a) about 30 to 60 parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate (b) about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of potassium or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (c) about 3 to 30 parts by weight of a sodium silicate having a Na2O to SiO2 ratio of about 1:3.75 to 2:1 (d) about 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant that has little or no tendency to foam by itself or in the presence of foam-producing food soil and is compatible with said potassium or sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and (e) water in an amount at least sufficient to permit complete hydration of said sodium tripolyphosphate.
- 4. The method of claim 1 in which said detErgent ingredients also include as an optional ingredient soda ash.
- 5. The method of claim 1 in which said detergent ingredients also includes as optional ingredients soda ash and borax.
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US826481A Expired - Lifetime US3609088A (en) | 1968-10-11 | 1969-05-21 | Method of preparing agglomerated detergent composition |
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US4182683A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1980-01-08 | Berk Gunter H | Process for the manufacture of a dishwashing detergent |
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US4725376A (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1988-02-16 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making solid cast alkaline detergent composition |
FR2599354B1 (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-08-26 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | COGRANULES SILICATE, SILICA, PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AND USE IN DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS |
US6156719A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 2000-12-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a low density detergent composition by non-tower process |
EP0929645A1 (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1999-07-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a low density detergent composition by non-tower process |
US5914307A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1999-06-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a high density detergent composition via post drying mixing/densification |
EP2123742A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-25 | The Procter and Gamble Company | A solid laundry detergent composition comprising light density silicate salt |
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US3247118A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1966-04-19 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Method for preparing detergent compositions |
US3306858A (en) * | 1965-06-17 | 1967-02-28 | Economics Lab | Process for the preparation of storage stable detergent composition |
US3359207A (en) * | 1965-06-18 | 1967-12-19 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Chlorine-stable detergent compositions and process for the preparation thereof |
-
1968
- 1968-10-11 US US764634A patent/US3625902A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-05-21 US US826481A patent/US3609088A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-10-09 DE DE19691950791 patent/DE1950791A1/en active Pending
- 1969-10-10 FR FR6934817A patent/FR2032265A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-10-10 NL NL6915380A patent/NL6915380A/xx unknown
- 1969-10-10 BE BE740116D patent/BE740116A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (3)
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US3247118A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1966-04-19 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Method for preparing detergent compositions |
US3306858A (en) * | 1965-06-17 | 1967-02-28 | Economics Lab | Process for the preparation of storage stable detergent composition |
US3359207A (en) * | 1965-06-18 | 1967-12-19 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Chlorine-stable detergent compositions and process for the preparation thereof |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3987138A (en) * | 1972-04-06 | 1976-10-19 | Hege Advanced Systems Corporation | Inert carrier mixing process |
US3933670A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1976-01-20 | Economic Laboratories, Inc. | Process for making agglomerated detergents |
US4182683A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1980-01-08 | Berk Gunter H | Process for the manufacture of a dishwashing detergent |
US4169806A (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1979-10-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Agglomeration process for making granular detergents |
US4207197A (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1980-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Agglomeration process for making granular detergents |
US4259199A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-03-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Alkaline dishwasher detergent |
US4699729A (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1987-10-13 | Colgate Palmolive Co. | Process for manufacturing bentonite-containing particulate fabric softening detergent composition |
US4464281A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1984-08-07 | Lever Brothers Company | Stabilized bleach-sensitive dyes in automatic dishwasher detergent compositions |
US4655780A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-04-07 | Lever Brothers Company | Encapsulated bleach particles coated with a mixture of C16 -C18 and C12 -C14 fatty acid soaps |
US4996001A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1991-02-26 | Capital City Products Company | Puffed borax as an agglomerating aid |
US5089162A (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1992-02-18 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Cleaning compositions with bleach-stable colorant |
US5024782A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1991-06-18 | The Clorox Company | Zeolite agglomeration process and product |
US5205958A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1993-04-27 | The Clorox Company | Zeolite agglomeration process and product |
US5614485A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1997-03-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a granular dishwashing composition by agglomerating ingredients and admixing solid alkali metal silicate |
US5616277A (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1997-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Incorporating nonionic surfactant into silicate for granular automatic dishwashing detergent composition |
US5431857A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1995-07-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for producing a high density detergent composition having improved solubility by agglomeration of anionic surfactants and an agglomerating agent |
US5529696A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 1996-06-25 | Diversey Corporation | Method of laundering items and purifying waste water therefrom |
US5958865A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1999-09-28 | Fmc Corporation | Single pass process for making an increased surfactant loaded detergent using an agglomerator |
WO2006095888A2 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for producing a mixture of particles |
WO2006095888A3 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2007-04-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Process for producing a mixture of particles |
US8329072B2 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2012-12-11 | Brimrock International Inc. | Method and system for generating sulfur seeds and granules |
US8691121B2 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2014-04-08 | Brimrock International Inc. | Sulfur granulator system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1950791A1 (en) | 1970-04-16 |
US3625902A (en) | 1971-12-07 |
NL6915380A (en) | 1970-04-14 |
FR2032265A1 (en) | 1970-11-27 |
BE740116A (en) | 1970-04-10 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LEVER BROTHERS COMPANY, INCORPORATED, 390 PARK AVE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY, A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:004736/0796 Effective date: 19870630 |