US3607237A - Ferritic stainless steel - Google Patents
Ferritic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3607237A US3607237A US802632*A US3607237DA US3607237A US 3607237 A US3607237 A US 3607237A US 3607237D A US3607237D A US 3607237DA US 3607237 A US3607237 A US 3607237A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- stainless steel
- ferritic stainless
- titanium
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
Definitions
- FERRlTlC STAINLESS STEEL A number of existing ferritic stainless steels, while possessing adequate corrosion resistance in mildly corrosive media, suffer from relatively poor fabricationcharacteristics due to surface and subsurface titanium stringers. Typical of these alloys which contain titanium are AlSl Type 409, Type 499, and the commercial stainless steel known as MF-1 produced and developed by Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation. The titanium stringers which may occur in these alloys are a source of breakage during forming and may be responsible for excessive die wear due to their abrasiveness. Moreover, in certain applications, such as automotive thermostats, windshield wipers, beverage tubing, etc., that are subject to moderately severe corrosive conditions, the foregoing grades may be unsatisfactory.
- the present invention provides a ferritic stainless steel of relatively low cost and adequate corrosion resistance for even relatively severe corrosive conditions but which is relatively free of harmful titanium stringers and particles.
- Alloys in accordance with the invention are particularly useful in manufacturing low-cost welded tubing from strip and sheet and for replacement of brass, copper, aluminum and carbon steel fabricated articles in applications where relatively substantial corrosion resistance is required and where fabrication includes processing by high-speed punching presses which typically involve stamping, punching, piercing, blanking and drawing.
- Illustrative of the potential uses of alloys in accordance with the invention are in the manufacture of shot gun cases and automotive water pump seals.
- An additional advantage of steels in accordance with the invention is their ability to be bright annealed and produce pickled finishes with good solid surface capable of withstanding the aforementioned fabricating operations.
- Compositions of the invention possess tensile properties as follows:
- a ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of about up to 0.06 percent carbon, 0.2 to 1.0 percent manganese, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 percent manganese, 0.2 to 1 percent silicon, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 percent silicon, 14.5 to 15.5 percent chromium, preferably 14.7 to 15.3 percent chromium, 0.15 to 0.3 percent aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1 percent titanium, preferably 0.05 to 0.1 percent titanium, and the balance essentially iron with usual steel making residuals.
- the carbon content is limited because additional amounts beyond about 0.06 percent may result in a steel which is somewhat difficult to weld due to formation of more martensite.
- the upper limits of the alloying constituents, e.g. manganese and chromium, are restricted to avoid developing unnecessary hardness and strength which would interfere unduly with formability, however, a chromium content of 14.5 to 15.5 percent is necessary to assure the degree of corrosion resistance required for the applications to which the present invention is particularly well suited.
- Such applications typically involve a degree of corrosion resistance sufficient to withstand moderately severe corrosive conditions such as would be present in automotive components exposed to salt spray contact.
- the manganese and aluminum contents must be controlled to facilitate hot rolling.
- the aluminum limits of 0.15 to 0.3 percent are established to provide adequate weldability which is reduced if less than about 0.15 percent aluminum is included and to assure adequate ducti bility and formability which may be reduced if too much aluminum, e.g. more than 0.3 percent aluminum, is present. Titanium is included in amounts of at least 0.01 percent to improve formability, however, amounts of titanium of greater than 0.1 percent are avoided to minimize stringer formation which, as mentioned previously, has an undesirable effect on stamping die wear.
- Table 1 summarizes the transverse mechanical properties of the material produced in the cold rolled condition. in addition, micrographic analysis of the material in the fully annealed state confirmed the absence of large titanium stringer-type inclusions which would be detrimental to die wear.
- TRANSVERSE MECHANICAL PROPE RTIES Mechanical properties of cold rolled material after fur- Typlcal nace annealing at mechanical 1700 F. for five (5) properties minutes Yield, p.s.i Gil/75,000 38,000
- a ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of about up to 0.06 percent carbon, 0.2 to 1.0 percent manganese, 0.2 to 1 percent silicon, 14.5 to 15.5 percent chromium, 0.15 to 0.3 percent aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1 percent titanium, and the balance essentially iron with usual steelmaking residuals.
- a ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 14.7 to 15.3 percent chromium.
- a fcrritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.3 to 0.5 percent silicon.
- a ferritie stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.05 to 0.1 percent titanium.
- a ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.3 to 0.5 percent manganese.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
A ferritic-type stainless steel suitable for manufacture into sheet and strip form that can be used for production operations involving stamping, punching, piercing, blanking and drawing by high-speed press production.
Description
United States Patent Inventor Wesley Kulltu New Kennlngtnn, Pa.
Appl. No. 802,632
Filed Feb. 26, 1969 Patented Sept. 21, 1971 Assignee Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Pittsburgh, Pa.
FERRlTlC STAINLESS STEEL 5 Claims, N0 Drawings U.S. Cl 75/124, 75/ 126 H Int. Cl ..C22c 37/10, C220 39/02 Field of Search ..75/126, 126 D, 124, 126 H [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,736,649 2/1956 Phillips 75/126 D 3,250,611 5/1956 Lula 75/126 D 3,347,663 10/1967 Bicber 75/128 3,455,681 7/1969 Moskowitz 75/126 Primary Examiner-Hyland Bizot Attorneys-Richard A. Specr and Vincent G. Gioia ABSTRACT: A ferritic-type stainless steel suitable for manufacture into sheet and strip form that can be used for production operations involving stamping, punching, piercing, blanking and drawing by high-speed press production.
FERRlTlC STAINLESS STEEL A number of existing ferritic stainless steels, while possessing adequate corrosion resistance in mildly corrosive media, suffer from relatively poor fabricationcharacteristics due to surface and subsurface titanium stringers. Typical of these alloys which contain titanium are AlSl Type 409, Type 499, and the commercial stainless steel known as MF-1 produced and developed by Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation. The titanium stringers which may occur in these alloys are a source of breakage during forming and may be responsible for excessive die wear due to their abrasiveness. Moreover, in certain applications, such as automotive thermostats, windshield wipers, beverage tubing, etc., that are subject to moderately severe corrosive conditions, the foregoing grades may be unsatisfactory.
The present invention provides a ferritic stainless steel of relatively low cost and adequate corrosion resistance for even relatively severe corrosive conditions but which is relatively free of harmful titanium stringers and particles. Alloys in accordance with the invention are particularly useful in manufacturing low-cost welded tubing from strip and sheet and for replacement of brass, copper, aluminum and carbon steel fabricated articles in applications where relatively substantial corrosion resistance is required and where fabrication includes processing by high-speed punching presses which typically involve stamping, punching, piercing, blanking and drawing. Illustrative of the potential uses of alloys in accordance with the invention are in the manufacture of shot gun cases and automotive water pump seals. An additional advantage of steels in accordance with the invention is their ability to be bright annealed and produce pickled finishes with good solid surface capable of withstanding the aforementioned fabricating operations. Compositions of the invention possess tensile properties as follows:
Tensile 65-75,0()0 p.s.i. Yield 3545,000 p.s.i. Elongation 23-35 Rockwell 13" 70-75 ln accordance with the invention there is provided a ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of about up to 0.06 percent carbon, 0.2 to 1.0 percent manganese, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 percent manganese, 0.2 to 1 percent silicon, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 percent silicon, 14.5 to 15.5 percent chromium, preferably 14.7 to 15.3 percent chromium, 0.15 to 0.3 percent aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1 percent titanium, preferably 0.05 to 0.1 percent titanium, and the balance essentially iron with usual steel making residuals. The carbon content is limited because additional amounts beyond about 0.06 percent may result in a steel which is somewhat difficult to weld due to formation of more martensite. The upper limits of the alloying constituents, e.g. manganese and chromium, are restricted to avoid developing unnecessary hardness and strength which would interfere unduly with formability, however, a chromium content of 14.5 to 15.5 percent is necessary to assure the degree of corrosion resistance required for the applications to which the present invention is particularly well suited. Such applications typically involve a degree of corrosion resistance sufficient to withstand moderately severe corrosive conditions such as would be present in automotive components exposed to salt spray contact. The manganese and aluminum contents must be controlled to facilitate hot rolling. The aluminum limits of 0.15 to 0.3 percent are established to provide adequate weldability which is reduced if less than about 0.15 percent aluminum is included and to assure adequate ducti bility and formability which may be reduced if too much aluminum, e.g. more than 0.3 percent aluminum, is present. Titanium is included in amounts of at least 0.01 percent to improve formability, however, amounts of titanium of greater than 0.1 percent are avoided to minimize stringer formation which, as mentioned previously, has an undesirable effect on stamping die wear.
As an illustration of the practice of the invention. three hot rolled coils of the composition described in table 1 were produced. One coil 36 igches X 0.08 inches was box annealed, wheelabrated and pickled. Two coils 26 inches X 0.08 inches were box annealed, wheelabrated, pickled and edge trimmed.
Table 1 below summarizes the transverse mechanical properties of the material produced in the cold rolled condition. in addition, micrographic analysis of the material in the fully annealed state confirmed the absence of large titanium stringer-type inclusions which would be detrimental to die wear.
TABLE I (Strip) Nominal check Broad range chemistry analysis Carbon Up to 0.06. 0.05 max 0. 045 Manganese .e 0.2 to 1.0 0.30/0.50 0.42 Phosphorus 0.025 max. 0. 020 Sulfur 0.025 max 0.011 Silicon. 0.2 to 1 0.30/0.50 0. 32 Chromium. 14.5 to 15.5 14.7/15.3. 15. 04 Nickel 0 30 max. 0. 22 Aluminum 0.15 to0.3 0.23 Titanium 0.01 to 0.1- 0.05/0.10 O. 095
TRANSVERSE MECHANICAL PROPE RTIES Mechanical properties of cold rolled material after fur- Typlcal nace annealing at mechanical 1700 F. for five (5) properties minutes Yield, p.s.i Gil/75,000 38,000
Tensile, p.s.i is/45,000 67, 000
Elongation in 2", percent. 25/35 32 Rockwell B 70/75 1 "30T 64 l Converted B 71.
While several embodiments of my invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent that other adaptations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
lclaim:
1. A ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of about up to 0.06 percent carbon, 0.2 to 1.0 percent manganese, 0.2 to 1 percent silicon, 14.5 to 15.5 percent chromium, 0.15 to 0.3 percent aluminum, 0.01 to 0.1 percent titanium, and the balance essentially iron with usual steelmaking residuals.
2. A ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 14.7 to 15.3 percent chromium.
3. A fcrritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.3 to 0.5 percent silicon.
4. A ferritie stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.05 to 0.1 percent titanium.
5. A ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.3 to 0.5 percent manganese.
Claims (4)
- 2. A ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 14.7 to 15.3 percent chromium.
- 3. A ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.3 to 0.5 percent silicon.
- 4. A ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.05 to 0.1 percent titanium.
- 5. A ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 having 0.3 to 0.5 percent manganese.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80263269A | 1969-02-26 | 1969-02-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3607237A true US3607237A (en) | 1971-09-21 |
Family
ID=25184272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US802632*A Expired - Lifetime US3607237A (en) | 1969-02-26 | 1969-02-26 | Ferritic stainless steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3607237A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4373971A (en) * | 1980-01-11 | 1983-02-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for the production of ferritic stainless steel sheets or strips and products produced by said process |
| US4417921A (en) * | 1981-11-17 | 1983-11-29 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Welded ferritic stainless steel article |
| US4690798A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1987-09-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Ultrasoft stainless steel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2736649A (en) * | 1953-12-04 | 1956-02-28 | United States Steel Corp | Ferritic stainless steel |
| US3250611A (en) * | 1963-04-10 | 1966-05-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Corrosion-resisting steel and method of processing |
| US3347663A (en) * | 1964-09-23 | 1967-10-17 | Int Nickel Co | Precipitation hardenable stainless steel |
| US3455681A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1969-07-15 | Crucible Steel Co America | Stainless steel |
-
1969
- 1969-02-26 US US802632*A patent/US3607237A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2736649A (en) * | 1953-12-04 | 1956-02-28 | United States Steel Corp | Ferritic stainless steel |
| US3250611A (en) * | 1963-04-10 | 1966-05-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Corrosion-resisting steel and method of processing |
| US3347663A (en) * | 1964-09-23 | 1967-10-17 | Int Nickel Co | Precipitation hardenable stainless steel |
| US3455681A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1969-07-15 | Crucible Steel Co America | Stainless steel |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4373971A (en) * | 1980-01-11 | 1983-02-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for the production of ferritic stainless steel sheets or strips and products produced by said process |
| US4417921A (en) * | 1981-11-17 | 1983-11-29 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Welded ferritic stainless steel article |
| US4690798A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1987-09-01 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Ultrasoft stainless steel |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004779/0642 Effective date: 19860805 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004855/0400 Effective date: 19861226 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. RECORDED ON REEL 4855 FRAME 0400;ASSIGNOR:PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:005018/0050 Effective date: 19881129 |