US3607119A - Apparatus for treating gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for treating gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3607119A
US3607119A US862249A US3607119DA US3607119A US 3607119 A US3607119 A US 3607119A US 862249 A US862249 A US 862249A US 3607119D A US3607119D A US 3607119DA US 3607119 A US3607119 A US 3607119A
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United States
Prior art keywords
diameter
burner
outlet
outlet opening
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US862249A
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English (en)
Inventor
John D Nesbitt
Klaus H Hemsath
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Grimes Aerospace Co
Original Assignee
Midland Ross Corp
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Publication of US3607119A publication Critical patent/US3607119A/en
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Assigned to FL AEROSPACE CORP. reassignment FL AEROSPACE CORP. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 9/11/86 AND 1/05/88, OHIO Assignors: MIDLAND - ROSS CORPORATION, CHANGED TO, MIDLAND-ROSS CORPORATION MERGING INTO, MRC MERGER CORP., CHANGED NAME TO
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/03005—Burners with an internal combustion chamber, e.g. for obtaining an increased heat release, a high speed jet flame or being used for starting the combustion

Definitions

  • the apparatus comprises an internal combustion burner capable of producing a high-temperature and highvelocity jet stream of gases which is directed into an adjacent coaxially aligned chamber where it entrains, mixes with and propels a low-velocity stream of gases to be treated which enters the chamber through an opening in the enlarged inlet end of the chamber.
  • the resultant gas stream is propelled through a constricting outlet section of the chamber having a cylindrical throat coaxially aligned with the jet stream.
  • the relative location and size of the throat section are established so that the natural dispersion angle of the jet stream intersects the chamber walls adjacent the inlet end of the throat section or between the inlet and outlet ends of the throat section.
  • a treating chamber is provided adjacent the outlet of the throat section.
  • This invention pertains to a gas treating apparatus in which a low-velocity gas stream to be treated is caused to flow into a chamber where it is entrained and mixed with a high-velocity jet stream and conveyed thereby directly into a reaction chamber. It is particularly useful in applications in which the gas stream to be treated is such that it is difficult to convey by ordinary mechanical means, for instance by fans or compressors. Examples of gases which are difficult to handle by mechanical means are hot gases, corrosive gases, gases containing gunk, or gases having some combination of these elements.
  • the principles of this invention have been applied to the incineration of fumes emanating from industrial processes, such as in electrical-wire-coating operations wherein a plastic or rubber-type insulative material is applied to the wire and then thermally set or dried in a furnace.
  • the furnace fumes generated during the process contain solvents and other incompletely oxidized material.
  • the invention comprises an internal combustion burner having a combustion chamber which restricts the expansion of the burning fuel-air mixture and produces a pressure buildup within the chamber.
  • the hot products of combustion are released through an orifice or nozzle section and form a high-velocity jet stream which is directed towards a constricting throat section at the opposite end of an adjacent chamber.
  • This latter chamber to be known as the mixing and entrainment chamber, coaxially surrounds the jet stream and has a base section which is sufficiently large to allow the high-velocity jet stream to act substantially as a jet in free space.
  • An inlet for the gas to be treated is located in this base section as remote as is practically possible from the throat section of the entrainment chamber.
  • the throat section is coaxially aligned with the jet stream and has a cross-sectional shape which is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the approaching jet stream.
  • the jet stream has a circular cross section and the throat section is cylindrical in form with a length equivalent to its diameter.
  • the diameters of throat section and the burner chamber outlet and the distance between the throat inlet and burner outlet are such that the expanding jet stream completely fills the throat opening, but does not expand beyond the diameter of the throat section more than about percent of its diameter prior to its entrance into the throat section.
  • the mixing of the two gas streams is substantially completed and the resultant gas stream has been raised to the desired reaction temperature when it has reached the outlet of the throat section of the entrainment and mixing chamber.
  • the resultant gas stream Upon exiting the entrainment and mixing chamber, the resultant gas stream enters an enlarged section of an incineration or reaction chamber where it resides until the desired reaction is completed.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation view in section of a fume incinerator embodying the principles of this invention adapted for the incineration of fumes containing sufficient oxygen for complete combustion.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation of a fume incinerator similar to that of FIG. 1, but adapted for use with fumes having insufficient oxygen for complete combustion.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings respectively show a fume incinerator l0 which is adapted for the incineration of fumes having sufficient oxygen for complete combustion, and a fume incinerator 20 adapted for the incineration of fumes lacking sufficient oxygen for complete combustion.
  • the incinerators l0 and 20 each have a burner 22 or 24 comprising a combustion chamber 26 or 28 and a means 30 or 32 for injecting a mixture of fuel and air into these combustion chambers.
  • the fuel-air injection means 30 in FIG. 1 is of the type generally denoted as a premix type which is primarily designed for operating with a stoichiometric or nearly stoichiometric ratio of fuel and air.
  • the fuel-air injection means 32 in FIG. 2 is generally known as a combustor type which is capable of stable operation with other than a stoichiometric ratio between fuel and air, particularly a substantial excess of air to fuel.
  • Valve means are provided to control the amounts and ratios of fuel and air supplied to the burners so that the temperatures and velocities of the jet streams may be regulated.
  • the preferred configuration of the fuel-air combustion chambers 26 and 28 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively. Other configurations may be used as long as the combustion products exiting the burner have a sufficiently high velocity and temperature, for example, between about 600 and 1,000 feet per second and between about 2,800 F. and 3,400 F.
  • Each combustion chamber 26 or 28 has an intermediate section 38 or 40 which is cylindrical in form and has a length in excess of its diameter.
  • the end sections of the combustion chambers converge conically with the included angle of the cone at the fuelair-injecting end being about 90, and the included angle of the cone at outlet end being about 60.
  • the cones are truncated to provide inlet and outlet orifices and the outlet orifice preferably is provided with a short tunnel or nozzle section 42 or 44.
  • Both combustion chambers are made from refractory material.
  • the wall 46 of the conical outlet end of the combustion chamber 26 may be made from an especially dense refractory material to increase its durability as shown in FIG. 1. Also the combustion chamber walls may be surrounded by a layer of insulation 47 and a steel casing 48.
  • an entrainment and mixing chamber 50 or 52 Connected to the burner section and in fluid communication with the outlet thereof is an entrainment and mixing chamber 50 or 52 defined by refractory walls as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively.
  • the entrainment ratio between the volume of the fume and the volume of the gases of the jet stream at standard temperature and pressure is suitably between about 2.5-l and 7.5-1, and preferably is between about 3-1 and 4-1.
  • the outlet or throat section 62 or 64 is preferably cylindrical in shape and has a length which is approximately equivalent to its diameter. It is coaxially aligned with the jet stream and preferably has a diameter equivalent to about four times the diameter of the burner outlet orifice 42 or 44.
  • the entrance end of the cylindrical throat section may be located a distance equivalent to about to 13 diameters of the burner outlet from the burner outlet.
  • this distance is about 11.5 diameters.
  • the approach to the throat section is preferably conical in form with an included angle of between about 75 to 85. Using the preferred dimension relationships and other relationships expressed above, the two streams are substantially homogeneously mixed when they reach the outlet of the throat section of the entrainment and mixing chamber.
  • a reaction chamber 70 or 72 for containing the mixed gases until the incineration or other reaction is completed is provided at the outlet end of the entrainment and mixing chamber 50 or 52.
  • the reaction chamber 72 in FIG. 2 is connected to the entrainment and mixing chamber 52 so that there is an annular gap or fluid passageway therebetween for the admission of air into the reaction chamber under pressure.
  • a plenum housing 74 is sealingly connected to the base of the reaction chamber 72 and around the burner body 24. Air is admitted to the plenum housing through a large conduit 76 having a flowcontrolling damper 78.
  • a means is also provided for uniformly introducing air under pressure into the fume stream prior to its entry into the mixing and entrainment chamber.
  • This means may include a pipe 80 for feeding air to an annular distributor 82 connected between the outlet end of the fume-conveying conduit 84 and the fume inlet 60 of the entrainment and mixing chamber. Accordingly, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 which is adapted for incineration of fume having insufficient oxygen for complete combustion, additions of air may be made at one or more of the following locations: through the burner, into the fume stream prior to its entry into the mixing and entrainment chamber, and also directly into the base of the incineration chamber.
  • a gas-treating apparatus comprising: an internal combustion burner having wall means defining its combustion chamber with an outlet opening for producing a high-velocity jet stream of gases, a second wall means defining an entraining and mixing chamber having an enlarged entrance end in fluid communication with said burner outlet and having a cylindrical outlet opening of reduced size coaxially aligned with said jet stream, inlet means in said entraining and mixing chamber for the influx of a low-velocity gas stream thereinto, and a third wall means defining a reaction chamber adjacent said cylindrical outlet opening in fluid communication therewith.
  • a gas-treating apparatus comprising: an internal combustion burner having wall means defining its combustion chamber with an outlet opening for producing a high-velocity jet stream of gases, a second wall means defining an entrainin and mixing c amber having an enlarged entrance end in flul communication with said burner outlet and having a cylindrical outlet opening of reduced size coaxially aligned with said jet stream, the entrance end of said cylindrical outlet opening being located a distance equivalent to between about 10 to 13 times the diameter of said burner outlet from said burner outlet, the diameter and length of said cylindrical outlet opening being equivalent to between about three to five times the diameter of said burner outlet, inlet means in said entraining and mixing chamber for the influx of a low-velocity gas stream thereinto, and a third wall means defining a reaction chamber adjacent said cylindrical outlet opening in fluid communication therewith.
  • a fume incinerator comprising: an internal combustion burner means for producing a jet stream of gases having a velocity between about 600 and 1,000 feet per second and a temperature between about 2,800-3,400 F. emitting from burner outlet, wall means defining an entrainment and mixing chamber having an enlarged entrance end in fluid communication with said burner outlet and having a cylindrical outlet opening of reduced size coaxially aligned with said jet stream, inlet means in said entraining and mixing chamber for the influx of a low pressure low velocity fume stream, and a second wall means defining an incineration chamber adjacent said cylindrical outlet in fluid communication therewith.
  • a fume incinerator according to claim 7 wherein the 1 diameter and length of said cylindrical outlet opening is equivalent to between about three to five times the diameter of the burner outlet opening, and the distance from the entrance end of said cylindrical outlet opening to said burner outlet is equivalent to between about 10 to 13 times the diameter of said burner outlet.
  • a fume incinerator according to claim 8 wherein the diameter and length of said cylindrical outlet opening is equivalent to about four times the diameter of said burner outlet, and the distance from the entrance end of said cylindrical outlet opening to said burner outlet is equivalent to about 1 1.5 times the diameter of said burner outlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US862249A 1969-09-30 1969-09-30 Apparatus for treating gases Expired - Lifetime US3607119A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86224969A 1969-09-30 1969-09-30

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US3607119A true US3607119A (en) 1971-09-21

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US862249A Expired - Lifetime US3607119A (en) 1969-09-30 1969-09-30 Apparatus for treating gases

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3607119A (pt)
JP (1) JPS5230785B1 (pt)
BR (1) BR7021895D0 (pt)
CA (1) CA918558A (pt)
FR (1) FR2062786A5 (pt)
GB (1) GB1311070A (pt)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791796A (en) * 1971-11-24 1974-02-12 Flinn & Dreffein Eng Co Anti-pollution apparatus
US3838974A (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-10-01 Midland Ross Corp Rich fume incinerator
US3898317A (en) * 1972-07-24 1975-08-05 Midland Ross Corp Method for incinerating flue gases
US3954386A (en) * 1973-05-18 1976-05-04 Gesellschaft Fur Huttenwerksanlagen Mbh Flare burner for burning off combustible waste gases
US5366699A (en) * 1993-09-22 1994-11-22 Bonnie June Goodrich Apparatus for thermal destruction of waste
US5425630A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-06-20 Dutescu; Cornel Kinetic dissociator
WO2002068866A2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2002-09-06 Praxair Technology, Inc. Fuel and waste fluid combustion system
US6471937B1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2002-10-29 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hot gas reactor and process for using same
US20080145281A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Jenne Richard A Gas oxygen incinerator

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2290635A1 (fr) * 1974-11-07 1976-06-04 Besnier Joseph Equipement de combustion secondaire de gaz issus d'une installation d'incineration
US5618173A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-04-08 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Apparatus for burning oxygenic constituents in process gas

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879862A (en) * 1957-08-26 1959-03-31 Pasadena Invest Co Secondary combustion device
US2992084A (en) * 1956-08-24 1961-07-11 Four Industriel Belge Apparatus for regulating the composition of a mixture of air and fuel-gas
US3195608A (en) * 1963-04-08 1965-07-20 Coen Co Volatile waste incinerator
US3237399A (en) * 1963-11-04 1966-03-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Means for regulating aspirated secondary air for exhaust gas conversion
US3251656A (en) * 1961-07-13 1966-05-17 Moffitt Co Roy M Fume incineration system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992084A (en) * 1956-08-24 1961-07-11 Four Industriel Belge Apparatus for regulating the composition of a mixture of air and fuel-gas
US2879862A (en) * 1957-08-26 1959-03-31 Pasadena Invest Co Secondary combustion device
US3251656A (en) * 1961-07-13 1966-05-17 Moffitt Co Roy M Fume incineration system
US3195608A (en) * 1963-04-08 1965-07-20 Coen Co Volatile waste incinerator
US3237399A (en) * 1963-11-04 1966-03-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Means for regulating aspirated secondary air for exhaust gas conversion

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791796A (en) * 1971-11-24 1974-02-12 Flinn & Dreffein Eng Co Anti-pollution apparatus
US3838974A (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-10-01 Midland Ross Corp Rich fume incinerator
US3898317A (en) * 1972-07-24 1975-08-05 Midland Ross Corp Method for incinerating flue gases
US3954386A (en) * 1973-05-18 1976-05-04 Gesellschaft Fur Huttenwerksanlagen Mbh Flare burner for burning off combustible waste gases
US5366699A (en) * 1993-09-22 1994-11-22 Bonnie June Goodrich Apparatus for thermal destruction of waste
US5425630A (en) * 1993-11-04 1995-06-20 Dutescu; Cornel Kinetic dissociator
US6471937B1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2002-10-29 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hot gas reactor and process for using same
AU757469B2 (en) * 1998-09-04 2003-02-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Hot gas reactor and process for using same
US6450108B2 (en) * 2000-03-24 2002-09-17 Praxair Technology, Inc. Fuel and waste fluid combustion system
WO2002068866A2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2002-09-06 Praxair Technology, Inc. Fuel and waste fluid combustion system
WO2002068866A3 (en) * 2001-02-26 2003-03-13 Praxair Technology Inc Fuel and waste fluid combustion system
US20080145281A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Jenne Richard A Gas oxygen incinerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2062786A5 (pt) 1971-06-25
GB1311070A (en) 1973-03-21
BR7021895D0 (pt) 1973-01-04
CA918558A (en) 1973-01-09
JPS5230785B1 (pt) 1977-08-10

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FL AEROSPACE CORP.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:MIDLAND-ROSS CORPORATION MERGING INTO;MRC MERGER CORP., CHANGED NAME TO;MIDLAND - ROSS CORPORATION, CHANGED TO;REEL/FRAME:005240/0352

Effective date: 19880926