US3605703A - Fuel injection - Google Patents

Fuel injection Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3605703A
US3605703A US39627A US3605703DA US3605703A US 3605703 A US3605703 A US 3605703A US 39627 A US39627 A US 39627A US 3605703D A US3605703D A US 3605703DA US 3605703 A US3605703 A US 3605703A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
injector
solenoid
tip
passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US39627A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John W Moulds
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
General Motors Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Motors Corp filed Critical General Motors Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3605703A publication Critical patent/US3605703A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
    • F02M69/465—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down of fuel rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • F02M51/0675—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • F02M61/145—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors the injection nozzle opening into the air intake conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0606—Fuel temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
    • F02D2700/02—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0269—Controlling by changing the air or fuel supply for air compressing engines with compression ignition
    • F02D2700/0282—Control of fuel supply
    • F02D2700/0284—Control of fuel supply by acting on the fuel pump control element
    • F02D2700/0294—Control of fuel supply by acting on the fuel pump control element depending on another parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/50—Arrangements of springs for valves used in fuel injectors or fuel injection pumps
    • F02M2200/507—Adjusting spring tension by screwing spring seats

Definitions

  • a solenoid operated fuel injector discharges into an internal combustion engine induction passage adjacent the combustion chamber intake port. Fuel is supplied to the injector through a tubular fuel rail which is received by and clamped in a recess at the top of the injector. A thermistor senses injector tip temperature and controls the duration of energization of the solenoid to compensate for a reduction in fuel delivery at high temperatures.
  • This invention relates to an internal combustion engine fuel system wherein fuel is metered by controlling the time duration that an injection valve is held open by a solenoid. It has been discovered that, with such a system, engine operation may be erratic due to improper fuel metering at the high temperatures which occur during a hot idle or after a hot soak. This has been attributed to the formation of vapor bubbles which reduce the fuel density and thus the total amount of fuel delivered. Initial attempts to correct this involved varying fuel metering in accordance with the temperature of the fuel in the fuel line leading to the injector. I have found, however, that a greater improvement in operation is achieved by compensating fuel metering in accordance with the temperature of the injector near its tip.
  • a fuel injector discharges into an internal combustion engine induction passage 12 below the throttle 14 and against the back of the intake valve 16 for a combustion chamber 18.
  • Injector 10 has a body 20 which is rolled over at one end 22 about a nozzle or tip 24. An 0 ring 26 is secured between body 20 and tip 24 to prevent leakage therebetween.
  • a plunger 28 is guided at 30 in a passage 32 through tip 24 and has a head 34 received in a passage 36 through body 20.
  • a central bore 38 through plunger 28 has lateral openings 40 and provides a fuel passage from body passage 36 to tip passage 32.
  • Plunger 28 has a valve member 42 which seats in a discharge orifice 44 in tip 24. As plunger head 34 and plunger 28 are lifted, fuel is discharged through orifice 44 into induction passage 12.
  • a solenoid 46 wound on a plastic spool 48 is received in injector body 20.
  • An 0 ring 50 provides a seal against fuel leakage between spool 48 and injector body 20.
  • the end 52 of injector body 20 is swaged over and retains an inlet fitting 54.
  • An 0 ring 55 provides a seal against fuel leakage between solenoid spool 48 and inlet fitting 54.
  • Inlet fitting 54 carries a threaded member 56 which may be adjusted to vary the pre-load on a spring 58 biasing plunger head 34 and plunger 28 ot seat valve 42 in orifice 44.
  • Inlet fitting 54 has a longitudinal passage 66 which connects with passage 36 to deliver fuel to nozzle or tip 24.
  • a pair of transverse openings 68 connect with longitudinal passage 66, and outwardly concave recesses 70 surround openings 68.
  • a pair of tubular fuel rail members 72 are received in recesses 70 and have end surfaces 74 which abut the bases 76 of recesses 70.
  • a pair of 0' rings 78 provide seals between the peripheral walls 80 of recesses 70 and the circumferential surfaces 82 of fuel rail members 72 to prevent fuel leakage therebetween.
  • Radially enlarged beads 84 on fuel rail members 72 are engaged by a retainer clamp 86.
  • Legs 88 of clamp 86 overlie recesses 70 and have fingers 90 which embrace fuel rail members 72 and abut beads 84 to prevent withdrawal of fuel rail members 72 from recesses 70.
  • a leg 92 of clamp 86 overlies the end 94 of inlet member 54 and has an aperture 96.
  • the shank 97 of retainer screw 98 extends through aperture 96 and is secured to inlet member 54 while the head 99 of screw 98 overlies leg 92.
  • An 0 ring 100 is secured between inlet member 54 and retainer screw 98 to prevent fuel leakage therebetween.
  • a fuel pump 102 supplies fuel from a tank 104 through fuel rail 72 to longitudinal passage 66 within injector inlet fitting 54.
  • injector plunger 28 is lifted by solenoid 46, fuel passes through the wire cloth filter 106 and the longitudinal injector passages to the engine. Excess fuel is discharged through a pressure regulator 108 back to fuel tank 104.
  • Injector 10 has a grommet 110 surrounding tip 24 and sealing tip 24 in the engine.
  • a clamp ring 112 is received in a recess 114 of injector body 20.
  • One of the screws 120 also retains a spring clamp 122 which holds a thermistor 124 against injector body 20 and in heat exchange contact with injector nozzle or tip 24.
  • Thermistor 124 controls fuel metering as explained below.
  • solenoid 46 fuel is metered by controlling the duration of time solenoid 46 is energized to operate injector 10.
  • a signal generator 126 which nominally may be considered as a normally open switch, provides a negative voltage pulse during each cycle of the engine. This pulse is differentiated by a capacitor 128 into a negative going voltage spike Which is delivered to the base 130 of a transistor 132. Transistor 132 thus ceases to conduct, and the voltage at its collector 134 increases to render a transistor 136 conductive. The voltage at the collector 138 of transistor 136 then drops and an amplifying transistor 140 stops conducting. The voltage at the collector 142 of transistor 140 is thereby increased, and solenoid 46 is energized to operate injector 10.
  • transistor 136 As transistor 136 starts conducting, current passes through a primary winding 144.
  • Primary winding 144 is coupled, through a core 146 positioned by a manifold absolute pressure responsive transducer 148, with a secondary winding 150.
  • a voltage is induced in secondary winding 150 which biases base 130 of transistor 132 in a negative direction and holds transistor 132 in a non-conductive state.
  • the rate of change of current in primary winding 144 drops, and the voltage induced in secondary winding 150 reduces sufiiciently to render transistor 132 conductive and terminate energization of solenoid 46.
  • thermistor 124 controls the impedance in the circuit of primary winding 144.
  • thermistor 124 together with resistors 152, 154, and 156, controls the current supplied to primary winding 144.
  • the resistance of thermistor 124 decreases as the temperature of injector tip 24 increases; this increases the current flow through primary winding 144 to lengthen the time that solenoid 46 is energized.
  • thermistor 124 be selected so that its resistance starts to decrease at 140 F. and so that the duration of energization of solenoid 46 increases linearly to a duration at 200 F. about 24% greater than the duration of 140 F. This will permit delivery of the proper amount of fuel through injector 10 despite a decrease in fuel density due to formation of vapor bubbles.
  • a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injection nozzle having a housing defining a passage for discharging fuel to said engine, a valve in said passage controlling the discharge of fuel to said engine, means for opening said valve for a controlled period of time during each operating cycle of the engine to thereby permit discharge of a controlled quantity of fuel to said engine, and means disposed in heat exchange contact with said housing and responsive to the temperature thereof for adjusting said controlled period of time whereby said controlled period of time may be lengthened to increase the quantity of fuel discharged when the temperature of said housing increases above a predetermined level, thus compensating for a reduction in fuel density due to formation of vapor bubbles in said nozzle above said temperature level.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
US39627A 1970-05-22 1970-05-22 Fuel injection Expired - Lifetime US3605703A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3962770A 1970-05-22 1970-05-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3605703A true US3605703A (en) 1971-09-20

Family

ID=21906497

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US39627A Expired - Lifetime US3605703A (en) 1970-05-22 1970-05-22 Fuel injection

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3605703A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS502772B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA929816A (enExample)
FR (1) FR2091777A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1278908A (enExample)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3774821A (en) * 1971-11-24 1973-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for the cold starting and warming run of spark plug-ignited internal combustion engines
US3776209A (en) * 1973-04-05 1973-12-04 Bendix Corp Fuel injector manifold and mounting arrangement
US3841277A (en) * 1971-10-06 1974-10-15 M Schafer Injection valve for an internal combustion engine
US3941109A (en) * 1972-08-31 1976-03-02 Dr. -Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for mounting a fuel injection nozzle
US4082066A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-04-04 Allied Chemical Corporation Modulation for fuel density in fuel injection system
JPS55177036U (enExample) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-19
US4258674A (en) * 1979-03-28 1981-03-31 Wolff George D Engine fuel injection system
WO1982003108A1 (en) * 1981-03-06 1982-09-16 George D Wolff Engine fuel injection system
US4422426A (en) * 1979-06-05 1983-12-27 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co., Ltd. Antechamber system diesel engine
US4519371A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-05-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Mounting device for fuel injection nozzles for internal combustion engines
US4860710A (en) * 1982-07-30 1989-08-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel supply line
EP0819846A1 (en) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-21 Denso Corporation Fuel injection apparatus having cylinder screw for mounting fuel injector on engine
US6520154B2 (en) * 1998-02-20 2003-02-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Side feed fuel injector and integrated fuel rail/intake manifold
EP1555427A3 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-08-17 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel injector
WO2013185234A1 (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-12-19 Westport Power Inc. Fuel system protection in a multi-fuel system internal combustion engine
US11192210B2 (en) * 2016-10-31 2021-12-07 Cummins Inc. Injector sleeve assembly and method for field repair procedure

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841277A (en) * 1971-10-06 1974-10-15 M Schafer Injection valve for an internal combustion engine
US3774821A (en) * 1971-11-24 1973-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for the cold starting and warming run of spark plug-ignited internal combustion engines
US3941109A (en) * 1972-08-31 1976-03-02 Dr. -Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for mounting a fuel injection nozzle
US3776209A (en) * 1973-04-05 1973-12-04 Bendix Corp Fuel injector manifold and mounting arrangement
US4082066A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-04-04 Allied Chemical Corporation Modulation for fuel density in fuel injection system
US4258674A (en) * 1979-03-28 1981-03-31 Wolff George D Engine fuel injection system
US4422426A (en) * 1979-06-05 1983-12-27 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co., Ltd. Antechamber system diesel engine
JPS55177036U (enExample) * 1979-06-08 1980-12-19
WO1982003108A1 (en) * 1981-03-06 1982-09-16 George D Wolff Engine fuel injection system
US4519371A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-05-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Mounting device for fuel injection nozzles for internal combustion engines
US4860710A (en) * 1982-07-30 1989-08-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel supply line
EP0819846A1 (en) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-21 Denso Corporation Fuel injection apparatus having cylinder screw for mounting fuel injector on engine
US5943995A (en) * 1996-07-18 1999-08-31 Denso Corporation Fuel injection apparatus having cylinder screw for mounting fuel injector on engine
US6520154B2 (en) * 1998-02-20 2003-02-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Side feed fuel injector and integrated fuel rail/intake manifold
EP1555427A3 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-08-17 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel injector
WO2013185234A1 (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-12-19 Westport Power Inc. Fuel system protection in a multi-fuel system internal combustion engine
US9909513B2 (en) 2012-06-14 2018-03-06 Westport Power Inc. Fuel system protection in a multi-fuel system internal combustion engine
US11192210B2 (en) * 2016-10-31 2021-12-07 Cummins Inc. Injector sleeve assembly and method for field repair procedure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2091777A5 (enExample) 1972-01-14
GB1278908A (en) 1972-06-21
JPS502772B1 (enExample) 1975-01-29
CA929816A (en) 1973-07-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3605703A (en) Fuel injection
US4964571A (en) Actuator for accumulator type fuel injection nozzle
US4274380A (en) Check valve central metering injection system
JP2853504B2 (ja) 内燃機関の燃料噴射装置
US4570600A (en) Fuel rail assembly and method of fabrication
US3684318A (en) Fuel rail-injector interconnection
JP2696446B2 (ja) 筒内直接噴射型噴射弁のアシストエア供給装置
US4132211A (en) Fuel injection system
US3470854A (en) Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
US5183019A (en) Idling control device for high pressure fuel injection engine
US2829631A (en) Electric induction gasoline fuel injector
GB2307513A (en) Solenoid fuel injector with heating
JP2703550B2 (ja) 燃料噴射装置の燃料循環回路
JPS6325365A (ja) ガソリン噴射装置
US3910241A (en) Electronically controlled fuel injection system
US5095879A (en) Electrically controlled fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
JPS57171073A (en) Fuel injection device
US6302341B1 (en) Injector for supplying fuel
ES453491A1 (es) Perfeccionamientos en los sistemas de alimentacion de com- bustible para motor de combustion interna.
US2116337A (en) Process and apparatus for the cooling of fuel atomizers
CA1110736A (en) Fuel injection system with pressure excursion start inhibit
US3379184A (en) Preheating arrangement for internal combustion engines with fuel injection
US3036565A (en) Fuel supply apparatus
DE1912207A1 (de) Luftvorwaermer fuer die Ansaugleitung von Dieselmotoren und damit ausgestattetes Startsystem
ES287875A1 (es) Perfeccionamientos en inyectores de combustible para motores de combustión interna