US3603097A - Process of making underground structures for underdraining and shielding purposes - Google Patents

Process of making underground structures for underdraining and shielding purposes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3603097A
US3603097A US791358*A US3603097DA US3603097A US 3603097 A US3603097 A US 3603097A US 3603097D A US3603097D A US 3603097DA US 3603097 A US3603097 A US 3603097A
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Prior art keywords
trench
conduit
water
bed
gravel
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US791358*A
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Bohdan Zakiewicz
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PRZED SPECJALISTYCZNE GORNICTW
PRZEDSIEBIORSTWO SPECJALISTYCZNE GORNICTWA SUROWCOW CHEMICZNYCH
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PRZED SPECJALISTYCZNE GORNICTW
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Priority claimed from PL124819A external-priority patent/PL65062B1/pl
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/06—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging elements mounted on an endless chain
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/06—Foundation trenches ditches or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E02D19/16—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by placing or applying sealing substances
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E02D19/18—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by making use of sealing aprons, e.g. diaphragms made from bituminous or clay material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/187—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ the bulkheads or walls being made continuously, e.g. excavating and constructing bulkheads or walls in the same process, without joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/10—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. with cutter-type chains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/12—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with equipment for back-filling trenches or ditches

Definitions

  • a trench dam is made by an apparatus which digs a trench in a water-permeable ground layer, then lays a perforated drainage conduit in this trench, partially fills the trench over the conduit with gravel to form a porous gravel bed, and then fills the trench over the bed with a mixture of the excavated earth and a binder to form a waterproof wall. This operation is carried out under a silt-water suspension to prevent collapse of the trench walls which are undercut by milling wheels on the lower end of the cutter. Clear water is pumped into the conduit during these operations to drive off this silt'water suspension.
  • the invention comprises a process of making underground structures for underdraining and shielding purposes and a device therefor.
  • the underground structures known in the art particularly waterproof shields or trench dams made in permeable ground layers, effectively protect the shielded ground or objects against groundwater inflow as long as their bottom parts are embedded or immersed in impermeable ground layers. If, however, impermeable ground layers appear only at great depth, making a deep dam with its bottom part immersed in the impermeable ground layer proves to be a very difficult technical task which is unprofitable from an economical point of view.
  • the structure for draining and shielding effectively prevent the natural underdrainage of a riverbed which is of outstanding value in protection of river waters against inflow of ground waters polluted with chemicals.
  • the known techniques of making underground drainageshield structures comprise the steps of laying a drainage collector by means of a sliding device in a narrow cut previously excavated in a known manner and subsequently filling the part of the out which is above of the drainage collector with a waterproof material. These operations are performed behind, in the directions of advance, a device which excavates the narrow cut.
  • the invention is aimed at simplifying the technique of making a drainage-shield structure, increasing its usefulness, and reducing the costs of its manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section through the apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow II of FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus comprises a cutting machine 1 having a frame 1' furnished with sliding runners 2 for placing a perforated drainage collector conduit 3 and with a dispenser chute 4 to heap a gravel-sand bed on top of this conduit 3.
  • the shaft 5' of the adjustable sprocket 5 is coupled with additional milling wheels 6 positioned outwardly from the carrying frame 1 of the cutting machine.
  • additional milling wheels 6 clay formed from the silt-water suspension on the walls of the cut C is removed and also the bottom part of the cutting C intended to receive the drainage collector 3 is enlarged.
  • a pump tube 7 mounted on the cutter frame 1 of the cutting-milling device 1 is a pump tube 7 provided with inlet ports 7 for receiving excavated earth, a pneumatic lifting jack 8 and aerating means 9 being provided.
  • the ground excavated by means of the cutter chain 1" is pumped out by the (5mm tube 7 to a trough l0 whence it is transported back an lai again in the excavation by means of a dispenser chute 11 and a dumping hopper 12 according to the direction shown by arrows 13.
  • the drainage section 17 is cut by means of the milling wheels 6.
  • the device which is traveling in the direction shown by arrow 18 along the line of an already made trench 19 trenches the ground 20 and simultaneously lays the drainage collector 3 and a gravel-sand bed 14 in the cut to make a waterproof wall in the section 15 positioned above the gravel-sand bed 14.
  • Claim 1 A method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of:
  • a method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of:
  • a method of making a trench darn comprising the steps of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

A trench dam is made by an apparatus which digs a trench in a water-permeable ground layer, then lays a perforated drainage conduit in this trench, partially fills the trench over the conduit with gravel to form a porous gravel bed, and then fills the trench over the bed with a mixture of the excavated earth and a binder to form a waterproof wall. This operation is carried out under a silt-water suspension to prevent collapse of the trench walls which are undercut by milling wheels on the lower end of the cutter. Clear water is pumped into the conduit during these operations to drive off this silt-water suspension.

Description

United States Patent [72] lnventor BOMIII Zakiewicz Cracow, Poland [21] Appl. No. 791,358
[22] Filed Jan. 15, 1969 [45] Patented Sept. 7, 1971 [73] Assignee Przedslebiorstwo Specjalistyczne Gornictwa Surowcow Chemicznych Krakow, Poland [32] Priority Jan. 22, 1968 [3 3 Poland [54] PROCESS OF MAKING UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES FOR UNDERDRAINING AND 72.5, 72,l, 72.2, 35, ll, l3;37/60 [56] References Cited Primary Examiner lacob Shapiro Att0mey-l(arl F. Ross ABSTRACT: A trench dam is made by an apparatus which digs a trench in a water-permeable ground layer, then lays a perforated drainage conduit in this trench, partially fills the trench over the conduit with gravel to form a porous gravel bed, and then fills the trench over the bed with a mixture of the excavated earth and a binder to form a waterproof wall. This operation is carried out under a silt-water suspension to prevent collapse of the trench walls which are undercut by milling wheels on the lower end of the cutter. Clear water is pumped into the conduit during these operations to drive off this silt'water suspension.
PATENTED SE? 719?: 3,603,097
Bohdan Zakiewicz INVENTOR.
ATTORNEY PROCESS OF MAKING UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES FOR UNDERDRAlNING AND SIIIELDING PURPOSES The invention comprises a process of making underground structures for underdraining and shielding purposes and a device therefor. The underground structures known in the art, particularly waterproof shields or trench dams made in permeable ground layers, effectively protect the shielded ground or objects against groundwater inflow as long as their bottom parts are embedded or immersed in impermeable ground layers. If, however, impermeable ground layers appear only at great depth, making a deep dam with its bottom part immersed in the impermeable ground layer proves to be a very difficult technical task which is unprofitable from an economical point of view.
Hence, in this case it is necessary to build a shallow shielding or dam entirely placed in the permeable layer and having a drainage collector built in to its base.
Placing the drainage collector in the bottom part or base of the shielding as well as draining bottom water from the ground by means of the collector conduit enables the water level to be lowered below the ground surface and allows the protected grounds to be protected against underflooding with water infiltrating from natural and/or artificial water reservoirs, in particular in seasons when the water level is especially high.
The structure for draining and shielding effectively prevent the natural underdrainage of a riverbed which is of outstanding value in protection of river waters against inflow of ground waters polluted with chemicals.
The known techniques of making underground drainageshield structures comprise the steps of laying a drainage collector by means of a sliding device in a narrow cut previously excavated in a known manner and subsequently filling the part of the out which is above of the drainage collector with a waterproof material. These operations are performed behind, in the directions of advance, a device which excavates the narrow cut.
Those techniques are, however, very disadvantageous considering both the complicated operations to be performed as well as the necessity of using separate devices for excavating the narrow cut for placing the drainage collector and for building a waterproof wall. The invention is aimed at simplifying the technique of making a drainage-shield structure, increasing its usefulness, and reducing the costs of its manufacture. These technical problems are solved according to the invention by building a drainage collector in the bottom of a narrow cut or trench and filling the cut above the collector with a waterproof material simultaneously while advancing a cutting-milling machine through the ground to excavate the trench.
The process and the device according to the invention are shown in the enclosed drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section through the apparatus according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow II of FIG. 1.
The apparatus comprises a cutting machine 1 having a frame 1' furnished with sliding runners 2 for placing a perforated drainage collector conduit 3 and with a dispenser chute 4 to heap a gravel-sand bed on top of this conduit 3.
The shaft 5' of the adjustable sprocket 5 is coupled with additional milling wheels 6 positioned outwardly from the carrying frame 1 of the cutting machine. By means of these milling wheels 6 clay formed from the silt-water suspension on the walls of the cut C is removed and also the bottom part of the cutting C intended to receive the drainage collector 3 is enlarged.
Also mounted on the cutter frame 1 of the cutting-milling device 1 is a pump tube 7 provided with inlet ports 7 for receiving excavated earth, a pneumatic lifting jack 8 and aerating means 9 being provided.
The ground excavated by means of the cutter chain 1" is pumped out by the (5mm tube 7 to a trough l0 whence it is transported back an lai again in the excavation by means of a dispenser chute 11 and a dumping hopper 12 according to the direction shown by arrows 13.
In the course oflaying the drainage collector conduit 3 and a gravel-sand bed and excavated ground, which latter can be mixed with packing materials in the section 15, pure water is continuously pressed into the drainage collector 3 according to arrow 16 in order to withdraw eventual remainders of silt suspension from the drainage section of the cut and to wash out the drainage collector 3 and the porous gravel-sand bed 14.
The drainage section 17 is cut by means of the milling wheels 6. During the action of the cutting chain 1" according to the arrows shown in FIG. 1, the device which is traveling in the direction shown by arrow 18 along the line of an already made trench 19 trenches the ground 20 and simultaneously lays the drainage collector 3 and a gravel-sand bed 14 in the cut to make a waterproof wall in the section 15 positioned above the gravel-sand bed 14.
There is shown at 21 a rolling platform supporting the cutter l and a drive and transmission 22.
Claim 1. A method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of:
forming a trench in a water-permeable ground layer below a silt-water suspension;
laying a perforated drainage conduit directly on the base of said trench;
partiallyfilling said trench with gravel to form a porous gravel bed therein above said conduit;
forming a waterproof wall in said trench above said bed; and
forcing substantially clear water through said conduit during and after laying thereof to drive off said silt-water suspension.
2. A method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of:
forming a trench in a water-permeable ground layer;
laying a perforated drainage conduit directly on the base of said trench;
partially filling said trench with gravel to form a porous gravel bed therein above said conduit;
forming a waterproof wall in said trench above said bed; and
mixing the earth removed to form said trench with a binder, said wall being formed with the mixture of earth and said binder.
3. A method of making a trench darn comprising the steps of:
forming a trench in a water-permeable ground layer;
laying a perforated drainage conduit directly'on the base of said trench;
partially filling said trench with gravel to form a porous gravel bed therein above said conduit;
forming a waterproof wall in said trench above said bed;
and, all of said steps are carried out substantially simultaneously and jointly, said method further comprising the step of pumping water from said conduit upon the formation of said waterproof wall.

Claims (3)

1. A method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of: forming a trench in a water-permeable ground layer below a siltwater suspension; laying a perforated drainage conduit directly on the base of said trench; partially filling said trench with gravel to form a porous gravel bed therein above said conduit; forming a waterproof wall in said trench above said bed; and forcing substantially clear water through said conduit during and after laying thereof to drive off said silt-water suspension.
2. A method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of: forming a trench in a water-permeable ground layer; laying a perforated drainage conduit directly on the base of said trench; partially filling said trench with gravel to form a porous gravel bed therein above said conduit; forming a waterproof wall in said trench above said bed; and mixing the earth removed to form said trench with a binder, said wall being formed with the mixture of earth and said binder.
3. A method of making a trench dam comprising the steps of: forming a trench in a water-permeable ground layer; laying a perforated drainage conduit directly on the base of said trench; partially filling said trench with gravel to form a porous gravel bed therein above said conduit; forming a waterproof wall in said trench above said bed; and, all of said steps are carried out substantially simultaneously and jointly, said method further comprising the step of pumping water From said conduit upon the formation of said waterproof wall.
US791358*A 1968-01-22 1969-01-15 Process of making underground structures for underdraining and shielding purposes Expired - Lifetime US3603097A (en)

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US791472*A Expired - Lifetime US3603099A (en) 1968-01-22 1969-01-15 Process of making intraground waterproof baffles and a device therefor

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JP (1) JPS4832464B1 (en)
AT (1) AT306650B (en)
BE (3) BE727270A (en)
CA (1) CA926140A (en)
DD (1) DD99193A5 (en)
DE (3) DE1902138A1 (en)
FR (3) FR2000531A1 (en)
GB (3) GB1247791A (en)
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US4028902A (en) * 1976-10-01 1977-06-14 Central Illinois Tile Co. Apparatus for laying elongated flexible tubing
US4720212A (en) * 1985-02-14 1988-01-19 Digging Trading Company N.V. Method and appliance for laying a sheet of material in the ground
US4741644A (en) * 1985-04-11 1988-05-03 Finic, B.V. Environmental cut-off and drain
US4863312A (en) * 1983-07-26 1989-09-05 Finic, B. V. Underground leachate and pollutant drainage barrier system
EP0414120A1 (en) * 1989-08-24 1991-02-27 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Method for making an impervious wall and machine for realizing such a method
WO1993016330A1 (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-08-19 Terranalysis Corporation Surface remediator
US5701692A (en) * 1996-07-03 1997-12-30 Groundwater Control, Inc. Containment wall installation process and apparatus
US5988947A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-11-23 Bruso; Bruce L. Multi-section soil remediation device
US20060129334A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2006-06-15 Mitchell Australasia Pty Ltd. Trench forming and preparing apparatus
FR2879632A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-23 Cie Du Sol Soc Civ Ile PROCESS FOR MAKING MOLDED WALLS
CN106759262A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-31 中建三局集团有限公司 The continuous sawing grooving of ground-connecting-wall synchronously irrigates wall-forming device and construction method
US10731320B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2020-08-04 HHS Construction Inc. Slurry sled for filling trench holes

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US4843742A (en) * 1986-06-13 1989-07-04 Continuous Concrete Casting Pty. Limited Trenching apparatus and methods of forming inground retaining walls
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DE8716630U1 (en) * 1987-12-17 1988-03-17 Berkemeyer, Ralf, 7822 Häusern Construction for collecting and storing snow - snow protection roof
US5056242A (en) * 1989-05-12 1991-10-15 Finic, B.V. Underground wall construction method and apparatus
DE4008207A1 (en) * 1990-03-15 1990-08-23 Bilfinger Berger Bau Retention wall construction system - with binding agents or solids fed into trench after cutting
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US5836390A (en) * 1995-11-07 1998-11-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for formation of subsurface barriers using viscous colloids
DE10252833B3 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-07-15 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Milling device for producing a cut in the ground comprises a force-transfer element having an adjusting device which changes the length of the force-transfer element to adjust the angle of incline of a milling strut
DE10308538C5 (en) * 2003-02-27 2014-11-06 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Method of making a trench wall in the ground, trench wall cutter and trench wall cutter
US9399240B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2016-07-26 Hung M & S Biochem Technology Co. Ltd. Waterproof coating process machine and its negative pressure coating and atomized coating methods
NL2012998B1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2016-07-04 Van Den Herik Sliedrecht Method and apparatus for placement of a subterranean curtain below the face of the earth.
NL2013332B1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2016-09-22 Gww-Infra Holding B V Dijk, a method to improve a dike and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
CN106759593A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-05-31 王燏斌 A kind of groover and its construction method for hypogee

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US1731838A (en) * 1927-03-26 1929-10-15 Pettibone Mulliken Company Dredge and the like
US3201948A (en) * 1961-05-04 1965-08-24 Arthur G Schramm Trenching and cable laying machine
US3203188A (en) * 1961-10-23 1965-08-31 Jetco Inc Method and apparatus for preparing a trench for a subsurface conduit line and for laying such a line
US3309875A (en) * 1963-07-05 1967-03-21 Niederwemmer Paul Irrigation installation and mobile vehicle for producing the same
US3332249A (en) * 1965-01-22 1967-07-25 Challenge Cook Bros Inc Trench digging and refilling apparatus
US3385068A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-05-28 Arthur L. Armentrout Method of making trench dam

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4028902A (en) * 1976-10-01 1977-06-14 Central Illinois Tile Co. Apparatus for laying elongated flexible tubing
US4863312A (en) * 1983-07-26 1989-09-05 Finic, B. V. Underground leachate and pollutant drainage barrier system
US4720212A (en) * 1985-02-14 1988-01-19 Digging Trading Company N.V. Method and appliance for laying a sheet of material in the ground
US4741644A (en) * 1985-04-11 1988-05-03 Finic, B.V. Environmental cut-off and drain
EP0414120A1 (en) * 1989-08-24 1991-02-27 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Method for making an impervious wall and machine for realizing such a method
US5242246A (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-09-07 Terranalysis Corporation Surface remediator
WO1993016330A1 (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-08-19 Terranalysis Corporation Surface remediator
US5701692A (en) * 1996-07-03 1997-12-30 Groundwater Control, Inc. Containment wall installation process and apparatus
US5988947A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-11-23 Bruso; Bruce L. Multi-section soil remediation device
US20060129334A1 (en) * 2002-11-28 2006-06-15 Mitchell Australasia Pty Ltd. Trench forming and preparing apparatus
FR2879632A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-23 Cie Du Sol Soc Civ Ile PROCESS FOR MAKING MOLDED WALLS
EP1672124A3 (en) * 2004-12-17 2006-10-04 Compagnie du Sol Process for producing trench walls
CN106759262A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-31 中建三局集团有限公司 The continuous sawing grooving of ground-connecting-wall synchronously irrigates wall-forming device and construction method
US10731320B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2020-08-04 HHS Construction Inc. Slurry sled for filling trench holes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1902138A1 (en) 1969-08-28
BE727269A (en) 1969-07-01
AT306650B (en) 1973-04-25
DE1902324A1 (en) 1969-09-04
NL6900977A (en) 1969-07-24
GB1258428A (en) 1971-12-30
YU13969A (en) 1973-08-31
RO54806A (en) 1973-07-20
FR2000530A1 (en) 1969-09-12
YU13769A (en) 1973-08-31
NL6900976A (en) 1969-07-24
US3603099A (en) 1971-09-07
DD99193A5 (en) 1973-07-20
FR2000531A1 (en) 1969-09-12
CA926140A (en) 1973-05-15
DE1902137A1 (en) 1969-10-02
NL6900978A (en) 1969-07-24
GB1250046A (en) 1971-10-20
FR2000532A1 (en) 1969-09-12
JPS4832464B1 (en) 1973-10-06
GB1247791A (en) 1971-09-29
BE727270A (en) 1969-07-01
BE727271A (en) 1969-07-01

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