US3601578A - High-pressure plasma burner - Google Patents

High-pressure plasma burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US3601578A
US3601578A US887578A US3601578DA US3601578A US 3601578 A US3601578 A US 3601578A US 887578 A US887578 A US 887578A US 3601578D A US3601578D A US 3601578DA US 3601578 A US3601578 A US 3601578A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
arc
chamber
arc chamber
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US887578A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Gebel
Helmut Forster
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc

Definitions

  • High-pressure plasma burner of the gas heater type includes a pressuretight are chamber containing electrodes adapted to form an arc therein, flow discharge nozzle means for discharging from the arc chamber working gas heated and ionized therein by the arc, coolant channels located in parts of the arc chamber thermally stressed by the arc, the coolant channels being connected in a closed coolant loop, and a pressure transmitter and pressure line pressure transmittingly interconnecting the pressure tight arc chamber and the closed coolant loop.
  • coolant channels located in parts of the arc chamber thermally stressed by the arc, the coolant channels being connected in a closed coolant loop.
  • plasma burners of the gas heater type can be constructed as high-pressure plasma burners.
  • Such plasma burners which operate at high pressure are suitable for supplying wind tunnels in experiments of tests relating to space flight engineering, especially for simulating reentry of missiles into the atmosphere of the earth.
  • plasma burners can be employed in chemical technology.
  • the invention of the instant application derives from the realization that when there is a coolant pressure below the operating pressure in the arc chamber becauseof leaks in the thermally stressed parts thereof, ionized working gas or plasma can penetrate into the leaking or defective part and can cause even greater damage.
  • ionized working gas or plasma can penetrate into the leaking or defective part and can cause even greater damage.
  • the coolant pressure in order to adjust the coolant pressure to a value above the operating pressure in the arc chamber for high-pressure plasma burners,
  • high-pressure plasma burner of the gas heater type comprising a pressuretight are chamber containing electrodes adapted to form an arc therein, flow 'discharge nozzle means for discharging from the arc chamber working gas heated and ionized therein by the arc, coolant channels formed in parts of the arc chamber thermally stressed by the arc, the coolant channels being connected in a closed coolant loop, and a pressure transmitter pressure line pressure transmittingly interconnecting the pressuretight arc chamber and the closed coolant loophThe coolant is thereby additionally continuously pressurized by the operating pressure in the arc chamber.
  • the pressure to be applied by the circulating pump, and which reduces up to the return flow into the pump, can be kept relatively low.
  • the plasma burner according to our invention is that because the pressure difference between coolant and operating pressure in he arc chamber can be kept very small, the walls between the coolant channels and the inner sides of the operating chambers are able to be of thin-walled construction, which assures good cooling in addition to a saving of material. Also, in accordance with ,thexinvention', coolant hoses are installable inthe plasma burnercutside the range of the arc radiation, because compression of the hoses need not be feared. There is furthermore assured that only coolant can escape at the leakage locations in the thermally stressed arc chamber parts. Also, the coolant pump has to produce only the circulation work.
  • we displaceably mount at least one of the two electrodes so as to be able thereby to vary the spacing between the electrodes, the
  • displaceable electrode being axially displaceable'for a given distance and serving as a closure plate for closing an adjustment chamber having a length correspondingto the given distance along which the displaceable electrode is adjustable, the adjustment chamber and the arc chamber communicating in pressure equilibrium with one another, motor driven adjusting means in the adjusting chamber for adjustably displacing the displaceable electrode, and supply lines passing rigidly through an adjustment chamber wall.
  • the electrodes are constructed as substantially cylindrical rings disposed in axial alignment opposite one another and containing magnetic coils, respectively, which rotate the arc during operation of the plasma burner.
  • the magnetic field produced by the magnetic coils is brought in the region of high inductance t0 the lowpoints of the arc.
  • a supply main or manifold for working gas is provided leading to a location between the electrodes.
  • the supply manifold can extend tangentially, radially or axially to the flow discharge nozzle and opposite the direction of flow discharge through the nozzle.
  • the pressure transmitter is a pressure-equalizing or balancing vessel to which the pressure line is connected from above and a coolant line from below.
  • the pressure transmitter can be in the form of a piston in the pressure line.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a high-pressure plasma burner constructed in accordance with our invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flow system including a pressure transmitter, coolant circuit and pressure lines from the plasma burner of the invention to the pressure transmitter.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown the burner proper of the high-pressure plasma burner of our invention, formed of an arc chamber 1, an adjustment chamber 2, a burner head 3 and a nozzle member 4, carrying a flow discharge nozzle 5 which, as shown, is in the form of a Laval nozzle.
  • the are chamber 1 has an inner operating space 6 connected through a pressure line 7 and a pressure transmitter 8, in the form of a piston located in the line 7, with coolant in a tube 9 of a coolant circuit.
  • a fixed electrode 10 and a displaceable electrode 11 are contained, at least partly in the operating space 6 of the arc chamber 1.
  • Both electrodes 10 and 11 are in the form of substantially cylindrical rings and are axially aligned opposite one another.
  • -The-electrodes l and 11 contain respective magnetic coils 12 which are excited during operation so that a cusp-field is formed permitting the electric arc, which forms between the faces 13 of the electrodes and 11 to rotate.
  • a terminal 14 is provided, and to the electrode 11, a supply tubelS through which coolant is simultaneously supplied, is provided.
  • a profile ring 16 of insulating material, for example epoxide resin reinforced with glass fibers separates the potential of the fixed electrode 10 from that of the displaceable electrode 11.
  • the walls of the arc chamber 1 and the adjustment chamber 2 are insulated from one another at the flanged junction 70 thereof.
  • the flange bolts 71 are provided with insulating bushings 72 and washers 73 so as to supplement the insulating effect of the ring 16.
  • the adjustment chamber 2 is in pressure equilibrium with the arc chamber 1 through peripherally distributed intercommunicating bores 17, formed in a support plate 20, located between the chambers 1 and 2.
  • hose connections can be provided at the outer walls of both chambers 1 and 2 so as to interconnect therein.
  • the adjustment chamber 2 is formed in essence by a peripheral chamber wall 18, a baseplate l9 and the support plate 20 which acts as a closure plate.
  • the electrode 11 is displaceably mounted in the support plate 20.
  • a remotely controlled motor 21 located within the adjustment chamber 2 and provided with a gear transmission 74 drives an adjusting device for displacing the electrode 11.
  • the motor 21 thus rotates a spindle 22 suitably mounted in bearings, provided in the baseplate 19 and the supp'ort plate 20 of the adjustment chamber '2 so as to be disposed parallel to the axis of the chamber2, and thereby reciprocates a nutlike adjusting head 23 along the spindle 22. Since the adjusting head 23 is fixed to the electrode 11, the
  • the current supply tube and 4 an additional nonillustrated connecting tube for discharging coolant extend rigidly through the baseplate 19
  • the supply tube 15 passes through a flush fitting 24 rigidly secured in an opening formed in the baseplate 19.
  • An observation window 25 is also provided inthe baseplate 19 for observing the arc formed during operation of the plasma burner of our inven-- tion, and for this purpose, the displaceable electrode 11, is constructed so that it is open at both ends thereof, whereby a viewer at the window 25 can see through the electrode 11 in the axialdirection thereof.
  • the supply tube 15 is connected to an end of a flexible hose 27, which is connected at its other end to the electrode 11 and communicates with the interior of the casing 33 thereof for supplying coolant thereto.
  • a brush or current collector 26 carried by the electrode 11 is in sliding engagement with the rigid supply tube 15 so as to draw current therefrom as the electrode 11 is displaced in the axial direction of the adjustment chamber 2.
  • the are chamber 1 is formed of axially aligned cascade rings 28, suitable bolted together, as shown at 75, the support plate and the casing 33 for the fixed electrode 10 which forms a closure plate 29.
  • the closure plate 29 provides the electrical connection between the electrode 10 and the terminal 14.
  • the burner head 3 is formed primarily of an assembly casing 30, spacer walls 31 and a faceplate 32.
  • the nozzle member 4 is mounted on the faceplate 32.
  • the pressure-stressed outer parts such as the cascade rings 28, the chamber casing 18 and the assembly casing 30, can be formed of rust-free stainless steel.
  • coolant is introduced through the bore 34 and traverses the space between the closure plate 29 and a spacer wall 31, as well as the space between the electrode casing 33 and the magnetic coil 12 and then flows through the space between the faceplate 32 and a spacer wall 31 and discharges therefrom through a bore 35.
  • Additional coolant channels can be constructed in the cascade rings 28 of the arc chamber 1.
  • Coolant connectors 36 shown broken away, areprovided for the magnetic coil 12 proper of the dismagnetic coil 12 proper of the fixed electrode 10.
  • the nozzle 5 is supplied with coolant through connectors 38.
  • Working gas is introduced in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, through a supply main or manifold 39 as well as through subsidiary lines 40.
  • a pressure line 7 leads from a plasma burner 41, having the construction, for example, of the plasma'burner of FIG. 1, to an elevated equilibrium or balancing vessel 8 and is connected thereto from above.
  • the pressure-equalizing vessel 8 serves as pressure transmitter and subjects the coolant in the coolant loop 9 to the operating pressure in the inner space 6 of the arc chamber 1, the coolant loop 9 being connected to the pressure-equalizing vessel 8 at the bottom thereof.
  • the equilibrium vessel 8 is provided with a conventional overpressure safety valve 42 and a conventional liquid level control 43.
  • the liquid level control 43 shuts off the supply of coolant when the proper level thereof is attained in the vessel 8 as it is filled for operating state, and the instant during operation, that the liquid level'drops below a minimum liquid level in the pressure-equalizing vessel 8, as can occur due to loss of coolant from leakage, it shuts off the entire system.
  • the coolant loop 9 includes connecting lines 44 for the circulating pump 45, a distributor line or manifold 46, individual coolant branch lines 48 to 53, a collecting main or'manifold 47 and a return flow line 62.
  • the branch line 48 for example is connected to the displaceable electrode 11, the branch line 49 to the fixed electrode 10, the branch line 50 to the magnetic coil 12 of the displaceable electrode 11, the branch line 51 to the magnetic coil 12 of the fixed electrode 10, the branch line 52 to the cascade rings 28 of the arc chamber 1, and the branch line 53 to the flow discharge nozzle 5.
  • various control valves 54 are provided in the branch lines 48 to 53. They serve for determining the power delivered to the coolant and which is a function of the flow through-put rate and temperature different between inlet andoutlet of the respective branch cooling lines 48 to 53.
  • a heat exchanger 57 having a circulatory loop 58,'as well as a heat exchange 59 having a fresh water supply line 60 are suitably provided for the coolant flow loop 9.
  • the freshwater supply through the line 60 is controlled by a valve located in the line 60 in accordance with the return flow temperature of the coolant in the line 62 of the coolant loop 9, as measured by a thermocouple temperature-measuring device 61.
  • the pump power in the coolant loop 9 can be 10 atmospheres excess pressure.
  • the coolant water pressure upstream of the circulating pump is then 60 atmospheres excess pressure and, downstream of the circulating pump, it necessarily drops to about 50 atmospheres excess pressure due to flow friction.
  • the plasma burner power can be 500 kw and the throughput or flow-through 'rate of working gas can be 50 grams per second.
  • High-pressure plasma burner of the gas heater type comprising a pressuretight arc chamber, first electrode means mounted in said are chamber, second electrode means located adjacent said first electrode means, means for energizing said first and said second electrode means so as to form an electric arc therebetween in said are chamber, flow discharge nozzle placeable electrode being axially displaceable for a given distance and serving as closure plate for closing an adjustment chamber having a length corresponding to the given distance over which said displaceable electrode is adjustable, said adjustment chamber and said arc chamber being in equal pressure communication with one another, motor-driven adjusting means in said adjusting chamber for adjustably displacing said displaceable electrode, and supply line means passing rigidly through a wall of said adjustment chamber.
  • said electrodes are constructed as substantially cylindrical rings disposed in axial alignment opposite one another and containing magnetic coils, respectively.
  • High-pressure plasma burner according to claim 1 including a supply manifold for working gas leading to a location between said electrodes.
  • High-pressure plasma burner according to claim 1, wherein said pressure transmitter comprises a pressure- I equalizing vessel, said pressure line being connected to said pressure-equalizing vessel from above, and said coolant loop being connected to said pressure-equalizing vessel from below.
  • High-pressure plasma burner according to claim 1, wherein said pressure line connects said are chamber and said coolant loop and said pressure transmitter comprises a piston located in said pressure line.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US887578A 1969-07-01 1969-12-23 High-pressure plasma burner Expired - Lifetime US3601578A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691933306 DE1933306B2 (de) 1969-07-01 1969-07-01 Verfahren zum betrieb eines lichtbogen hochdruckplasmabrenners und anordnung zur durchfuerhung des verfahrens

Publications (1)

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US3601578A true US3601578A (en) 1971-08-24

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US887578A Expired - Lifetime US3601578A (en) 1969-07-01 1969-12-23 High-pressure plasma burner

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US (1) US3601578A (fr)
AT (1) AT299403B (fr)
BE (1) BE752676A (fr)
CH (1) CH509721A (fr)
DE (1) DE1933306B2 (fr)
ES (1) ES381278A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2050422B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1304957A (fr)
NL (1) NL7008865A (fr)
SE (1) SE351766B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA704321B (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770935A (en) * 1970-12-25 1973-11-06 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Plasma jet generator
US3879597A (en) * 1974-08-16 1975-04-22 Int Plasma Corp Plasma etching device and process
US4060708A (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-11-29 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Metastable argon stabilized arc devices for spectroscopic analysis
EP0019362A1 (fr) * 1979-04-17 1980-11-26 Plasma Holdings N.V. Procédé et appareil pour le traitement de matière par un plasma à basse température
US4278864A (en) * 1979-02-21 1981-07-14 Claude De Facci Welding gas shield control
US4445021A (en) * 1981-08-14 1984-04-24 Metco, Inc. Heavy duty plasma spray gun
FR2574165A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Plasma Energy Corp Appareil de chauffage a arc-plasma pour chauffer de grandes quantites d'air, notamment a des fins de sechage de materiaux bruts
US5017752A (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-05-21 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch starting process having separated generated flows of non-oxidizing and oxidizing gas
US6163009A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-12-19 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6326583B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-12-04 Innerlogic, Inc. Gas control system for a plasma arc torch
US20020168466A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-14 Tapphorn Ralph M. System and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of high velocity powder particles using thermal plastic deformation
US6498317B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-12-24 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6677551B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2004-01-13 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
CN103115154A (zh) * 2013-01-25 2013-05-22 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 一种用于风洞的液压驱动减压阀
US9949356B2 (en) 2012-07-11 2018-04-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Electrode for a plasma arc cutting torch
CN112924489A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-08 西南石油大学 一种低温危险液体事故泄漏射流实验装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2913464C3 (de) * 1979-04-04 1983-11-10 Deutsche Forschungs- Und Versuchsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V., 5300 Bonn Gleichstrom-Plasmabrenner
US4549065A (en) * 1983-01-21 1985-10-22 Technology Application Services Corporation Plasma generator and method
CN116481051A (zh) * 2023-04-20 2023-07-25 南京航空航天大学 一种可变的滑动弧等离子体中心分级燃烧室头部

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3360682A (en) * 1965-10-15 1967-12-26 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating high-enthalpy plasma under high-pressure conditions

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3360682A (en) * 1965-10-15 1967-12-26 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for generating high-enthalpy plasma under high-pressure conditions

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770935A (en) * 1970-12-25 1973-11-06 Rikagaku Kenkyusho Plasma jet generator
US3879597A (en) * 1974-08-16 1975-04-22 Int Plasma Corp Plasma etching device and process
US4060708A (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-11-29 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Metastable argon stabilized arc devices for spectroscopic analysis
US4278864A (en) * 1979-02-21 1981-07-14 Claude De Facci Welding gas shield control
EP0019362A1 (fr) * 1979-04-17 1980-11-26 Plasma Holdings N.V. Procédé et appareil pour le traitement de matière par un plasma à basse température
US4445021A (en) * 1981-08-14 1984-04-24 Metco, Inc. Heavy duty plasma spray gun
FR2574165A1 (fr) * 1984-11-30 1986-06-06 Plasma Energy Corp Appareil de chauffage a arc-plasma pour chauffer de grandes quantites d'air, notamment a des fins de sechage de materiaux bruts
US5017752A (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-05-21 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch starting process having separated generated flows of non-oxidizing and oxidizing gas
US6163009A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-12-19 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6498317B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-12-24 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6677551B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2004-01-13 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6326583B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-12-04 Innerlogic, Inc. Gas control system for a plasma arc torch
US20020168466A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-11-14 Tapphorn Ralph M. System and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of high velocity powder particles using thermal plastic deformation
US6915964B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2005-07-12 Innovative Technology, Inc. System and process for solid-state deposition and consolidation of high velocity powder particles using thermal plastic deformation
US9949356B2 (en) 2012-07-11 2018-04-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Electrode for a plasma arc cutting torch
CN103115154A (zh) * 2013-01-25 2013-05-22 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 一种用于风洞的液压驱动减压阀
CN103115154B (zh) * 2013-01-25 2014-12-31 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 一种用于风洞的液压驱动减压阀
CN112924489A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-08 西南石油大学 一种低温危险液体事故泄漏射流实验装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE752676A (fr) 1970-12-01
DE1933306B2 (de) 1972-02-10
CH509721A (de) 1971-06-30
AT299403B (de) 1972-06-26
ES381278A1 (es) 1972-11-16
FR2050422A1 (fr) 1971-04-02
GB1304957A (fr) 1973-01-31
SE351766B (fr) 1972-12-04
ZA704321B (en) 1971-05-27
FR2050422B1 (fr) 1973-02-02
NL7008865A (fr) 1971-01-05
DE1933306A1 (de) 1971-02-04

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