US3601185A - Heat exchanger construction - Google Patents

Heat exchanger construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3601185A
US3601185A US873872A US3601185DA US3601185A US 3601185 A US3601185 A US 3601185A US 873872 A US873872 A US 873872A US 3601185D A US3601185D A US 3601185DA US 3601185 A US3601185 A US 3601185A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
core
closure bars
plates
shaped closure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US873872A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward A Rothman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RTX Corp
Original Assignee
United Aircraft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Aircraft Corp filed Critical United Aircraft Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3601185A publication Critical patent/US3601185A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/356—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein
    • Y10S165/387—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein including side-edge seal or edge spacer bar
    • Y10S165/39—Flange element to connect two adjacent heat exchange plates

Definitions

  • Streule A Henley-Laurence A Savage ABSTRACT A heat exchanger construction for maximum thermal fatigue life having C-shaped closure bars on the cool fluid side, the C-shaped closure bars being made from a material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the remainder of the core, and having cooling fins therein and having hot fluid fins cut back from the inlet face of the core to reduce the heat input to the closure bars.
  • FIG. 1 A common heat exchanger construction, well known in the art, is partially shown in FIG. 1.
  • the heat exchanger comprises end sheet 2 and another (not shown); parting sheets 4 (also called plates); bleed air fins 6; coolant fins 8; and closures 10. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that any number of layers may be disposed, one upon the other, to form the desired heat exchanger size. The entire assembly is then brazed together to form a unit.
  • a problem exists with this heat exchanger construction in that cracks in the closure bars and parting sheets occur and propagate longitudinally along them. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • cracks l2 and 14 appear in the closure bar closest to the end sheet 2, and cracks 16 and 18 in parting sheets 6. These cracks are obviously undesirable because they cause cross leakage between the hot fluid and cool fluid passages or either fluid passage and ambient.
  • An object of the present invention is a heat exchanger construction which eliminates thermal fatigue cracking in various elements of the heat exchanger unit.
  • a novel heat exchanger is provided by the combination of C-shaped closure bars for extending the transition between the closure bars and the parting sheets in the core, the C-shaped closure bars being made from a material having a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the remainder of the core materials and having fins therein to improve heat rejection capability, and hot fluid fins which are cut back to reduce the heat input to the closure bars.
  • My invention eliminates thermal fatigue cracking of the heat exchanger core by reducing the thermal gradients within the core and by matching the thermal expansion of the elements making up the heat exchanger core.
  • the closure bars are C-shaped. This allows the extension of the cool fluid fins into the closure bar itself so that the temperature of the closure bar is reduced; the heat is, instead, carried away by the cool fluid.
  • the C-shaped closure bars are extended in width, as compared to the square closure bars, thereby extending the transition between the closure bars and the normally thinner parting sheets.
  • the closure bars are made of a material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the end sheets so that the hotter closure bars tend to expand at the same rate as the cooler end sheets, thereby eliminating the stresses set up between two pieces expanding at different rates.
  • the hot fluid fins are cut back from the inlet face of the heat exchanger core; this reduces the heat input to the closure bars because there is less efficient heat transfer at the surface of the heat exchanger core along the length where the hot fluid fin has been cut back.
  • the finned C-shaped closure bars need only be disposed in the first few cool fluid passages in from the end sheet and in a graduated sequence, that is, wider near the end sheet and gradually decreasing in width towards the center of the core. Furthermore, the finned C-shaped closure members need be utilized only on the cool fluid inlet face.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially broken away perspective view of a heat exchanger core well known in the art.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially broken away perspective view of a heat exchanger core in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of FIG. 2 with a portion broken away.
  • a heat exchanger core is shown in accordance with the present invention.
  • the core comprises a plurality of stacked plates and fins in a crossflow arrangement.
  • the cool fluid closure bars 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, and 44 are C-shaped and the first three to four bars closest the end sheets 20 and 22 are provided with fins 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, and 64 therein.
  • the closure bars 30 and 44 need not be provided with fins because they are a sufficient distance from the end sheets 20 and 22 such that the difference in the thermal expansion rates between the end sheets and the closure bars and parting sheets does not affect them.
  • the C-shaped closure bars decrease in width from the end sheets 20 and 22 towards the center of the heat exchanger core for the same reason. Cooling fins 63 are provided between the C-shaped closure bars.
  • the hot fluid passages are also provided with fins 65 which are cut back from the surface of the heat exchanger as shown so that heat transfer does not begin at the edge of the heat exchanger.
  • the hot fluid passages are separated from the cool fluid passages by the parting sheets 66, and the hot fluid passages are closed by closure bars 68.
  • C-shaped closure bars having a pair of parallel legs contiguous with and separating said plates on the cool fluid side of the heat exchanger and said legs being progressively wider from the center of the core to the top and bottom of the core so as to progressively extend the transition between the closure bars and the plates;
  • said fins on the hot fluid side of said heat exchanger being cut back from the inlet face of the heat exchanger core thereby reducing the heat input to the closure bars.
  • C-shaped closure bars separating said plates on the cool fluid side of the heat exchanger for extending the transition between the closure bars and plates, said C-shaped closure bars being constructed of a material having a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the remainder of the core materials and being disposed between the plates in a graduated sequence, being wider near the end sheets and gradually decreasing in width towards the center of the heat exchanger core;
  • cooling fins disposed within at least the first C-shaped closure bar in from the end plates and absent from the other C-shaped closure bar;
  • said fins on the hot fluid side of said heat exchanger core being cut back from the inlet face of the core, thereby reducing the heat input to the closure bars.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US873872A 1969-11-04 1969-11-04 Heat exchanger construction Expired - Lifetime US3601185A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87387269A 1969-11-04 1969-11-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3601185A true US3601185A (en) 1971-08-24

Family

ID=25362500

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US873872A Expired - Lifetime US3601185A (en) 1969-11-04 1969-11-04 Heat exchanger construction

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3601185A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2048010C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2066982B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1267027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3829945A (en) * 1973-07-11 1974-08-20 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Method of producing a heat exchanger
FR2439971A1 (fr) * 1978-10-26 1980-05-23 Garrett Corp Echangeur de chaleur a plaques entrecroisees, notamment pour climatisation d'avion
US6138354A (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-10-31 Denso Corporation Method of manufacturing a corrugated plate by rolling for use as an inner fin of a heat exchanger
US6520252B1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-02-18 Hamilton Sundstrand Heat exchanger assembly with core-reinforcing closure bars
US20030116311A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-26 Fitzpatrick Michael D. High temperature primary surface recuperator air cell
WO2005036082A1 (de) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-21 Behr Industry Gmbh & Co. Kg Kühlerblock, insbesondere für einen ladeluft/kühlmittel-kühler
WO2006029761A1 (de) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Ladeluftkühler, insbesondere für kraftfahrzeuge
WO2006088406A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-24 Scania Cv Ab (Publ) Air cooler
US20060243429A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Stanley Chu Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height
US20070107889A1 (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-05-17 Mark Zaffetti Core assembly with deformation preventing features
US20070163768A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2007-07-19 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Core structure of heat exchanger
US20090294110A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Foust Harry D Spaced plate heat exchanger
GB2439696B (en) * 2005-04-29 2010-09-22 Dana Canada Corp Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height
US20120073793A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Kuehne Heinrich J Heat exchanger
US20120118544A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-17 Denso Marston Ltd Adjustable tank for bar-plate heat exchanger
US20120193083A1 (en) * 2011-02-02 2012-08-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Heat exchanger assembly with fin locating structure
US20150041105A1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Reduced thermal expansion closure bars for a heat exchanger
US20150053380A1 (en) * 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger fin with crack arrestor
US20150216073A1 (en) * 2014-01-24 2015-07-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Systems and Methods for Cooling Electric Drives
US20190285351A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Parting sheet in heat exchanger core
US20190285363A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integral heat exchanger core reinforcement
US10752365B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2020-08-25 Liebherr-Aerospace Toulouse Sas Method and device for thermal control of a plurality of cabins of a vehicle
EP3754280A1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2020-12-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger closure bar
US11143457B2 (en) * 2016-05-23 2021-10-12 Denso Corporation Heat exchanger
US11168943B2 (en) 2018-10-12 2021-11-09 Api Heat Transfer Thermasys Corporation Channel fin heat exchangers and methods of manufacturing the same
US11221186B2 (en) * 2019-07-18 2022-01-11 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger closure bar with shield
US20220178621A1 (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-09 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Subfreezing heat exchanger with separate melt fluid
US11365942B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2022-06-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integral heat exchanger mounts

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3106075C2 (de) * 1981-02-19 1984-10-04 Dieter Christian Steinegg-Appenzell Steeb Wärmetauscher
FR2538524B2 (fr) * 1981-12-31 1987-12-11 Chausson Usines Sa Echangeur de chaleur a plaques du type comportant des barrettes disposees en sandwich entre des plaques
FR2519421B1 (fr) * 1981-12-31 1987-10-02 Chausson Usines Sa Echangeur de chaleur a plaques du type comportant des barrettes disposees en sandwich entre des plaques
DE3409608A1 (de) * 1984-03-15 1985-09-19 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Aus einzelnen platten zusammengesetztes netz eines kreuzstromwaermetauschers
DE3514474A1 (de) * 1985-04-22 1986-10-23 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Waermetauscher, der im gegenstromprinzip arbeitet und nur einen endkasten aufweist
FR3023366B1 (fr) * 2014-07-04 2022-03-11 Snecma Echangeur thermique pour un fluide susceptible de former des particules de givre

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952445A (en) * 1958-06-25 1960-09-13 United Aircraft Prod Damage resistant plate type heat exchanger
US3241607A (en) * 1964-06-05 1966-03-22 Stewart Warner Corp Brazed joint
US3282011A (en) * 1962-04-25 1966-11-01 Johns Manville Thermal insulating structure
US3495656A (en) * 1967-03-31 1970-02-17 Marston Excelsior Ltd Plate-type heat exchanger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952445A (en) * 1958-06-25 1960-09-13 United Aircraft Prod Damage resistant plate type heat exchanger
US3282011A (en) * 1962-04-25 1966-11-01 Johns Manville Thermal insulating structure
US3241607A (en) * 1964-06-05 1966-03-22 Stewart Warner Corp Brazed joint
US3495656A (en) * 1967-03-31 1970-02-17 Marston Excelsior Ltd Plate-type heat exchanger

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3829945A (en) * 1973-07-11 1974-08-20 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Method of producing a heat exchanger
FR2439971A1 (fr) * 1978-10-26 1980-05-23 Garrett Corp Echangeur de chaleur a plaques entrecroisees, notamment pour climatisation d'avion
US4246963A (en) * 1978-10-26 1981-01-27 The Garrett Corporation Heat exchanger
US6138354A (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-10-31 Denso Corporation Method of manufacturing a corrugated plate by rolling for use as an inner fin of a heat exchanger
US20030116311A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-26 Fitzpatrick Michael D. High temperature primary surface recuperator air cell
WO2003058143A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger assembly with core-reinforcing closure bars
US6520252B1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-02-18 Hamilton Sundstrand Heat exchanger assembly with core-reinforcing closure bars
WO2005036082A1 (de) * 2003-10-09 2005-04-21 Behr Industry Gmbh & Co. Kg Kühlerblock, insbesondere für einen ladeluft/kühlmittel-kühler
US8689858B2 (en) 2003-10-09 2014-04-08 Behr Industry Gmbh & Co. Kg Cooler block, especially for a change air cooler/coolant cooler
US20070209785A1 (en) * 2003-10-09 2007-09-13 Behr Industrietechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Cooler Block, Especially For A Charge Air Cooler/Coolant Cooler
WO2006029761A1 (de) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Ladeluftkühler, insbesondere für kraftfahrzeuge
US20070251262A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2007-11-01 Rickard Pettersson Air Cooler for Supercharged Combustion Engine
WO2006088406A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-24 Scania Cv Ab (Publ) Air cooler
CN101120227B (zh) * 2005-02-17 2010-12-29 斯堪尼亚有限公司 空气冷却器
GB2439696B (en) * 2005-04-29 2010-09-22 Dana Canada Corp Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height
US7686070B2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2010-03-30 Dana Canada Corporation Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height
US20100139897A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2010-06-10 Stanley Chu Heat Exchangers with Turbulizers Having Convolutions of Varied Height
US20060243429A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Stanley Chu Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height
US20070107889A1 (en) * 2005-11-17 2007-05-17 Mark Zaffetti Core assembly with deformation preventing features
US8276654B2 (en) * 2005-11-17 2012-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Core assembly with deformation preventing features
US20070163768A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2007-07-19 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Core structure of heat exchanger
US20090294110A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Foust Harry D Spaced plate heat exchanger
US8079508B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2011-12-20 Foust Harry D Spaced plate heat exchanger
US8579021B2 (en) * 2010-09-29 2013-11-12 Hydac Cooling Gmbh Heat exchanger
US20120073793A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Kuehne Heinrich J Heat exchanger
US20120118544A1 (en) * 2010-11-17 2012-05-17 Denso Marston Ltd Adjustable tank for bar-plate heat exchanger
US9022100B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2015-05-05 Denso Marston Ltd. Adjustable tank for bar-plate heat exchanger
US20120193083A1 (en) * 2011-02-02 2012-08-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Heat exchanger assembly with fin locating structure
US20150041105A1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Reduced thermal expansion closure bars for a heat exchanger
US9777970B2 (en) * 2013-08-09 2017-10-03 Hamilton Sundstrand Coporation Reduced thermal expansion closure bars for a heat exchanger
US20150053380A1 (en) * 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger fin with crack arrestor
US10112270B2 (en) * 2013-08-21 2018-10-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger fin with crack arrestor
US20150216073A1 (en) * 2014-01-24 2015-07-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Systems and Methods for Cooling Electric Drives
US9545037B2 (en) * 2014-01-24 2017-01-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Systems and methods for cooling electric drives
US11143457B2 (en) * 2016-05-23 2021-10-12 Denso Corporation Heat exchanger
US10752365B2 (en) 2017-04-20 2020-08-25 Liebherr-Aerospace Toulouse Sas Method and device for thermal control of a plurality of cabins of a vehicle
US10465992B2 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-11-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Parting sheet in heat exchanger core
US20190285363A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integral heat exchanger core reinforcement
US20190285351A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Parting sheet in heat exchanger core
US11365942B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2022-06-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integral heat exchanger mounts
EP3594598B1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2022-11-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exhanger core
US11740036B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2023-08-29 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integral heat exchanger mounts
US11168943B2 (en) 2018-10-12 2021-11-09 Api Heat Transfer Thermasys Corporation Channel fin heat exchangers and methods of manufacturing the same
EP3754280A1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2020-12-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger closure bar
US11221186B2 (en) * 2019-07-18 2022-01-11 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger closure bar with shield
US20220178621A1 (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-09 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Subfreezing heat exchanger with separate melt fluid
US11668531B2 (en) * 2020-12-04 2023-06-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Subfreezing heat exchanger with separate melt fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2048010A1 (de) 1971-05-19
FR2066982B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-18
FR2066982A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-13
DE2048010B2 (de) 1978-11-16
GB1267027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-15
DE2048010C3 (de) 1979-07-12

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