US3598383A - Method and apparatus for incorporating additives in a melt - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for incorporating additives in a melt Download PDF

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Publication number
US3598383A
US3598383A US791062A US3598383DA US3598383A US 3598383 A US3598383 A US 3598383A US 791062 A US791062 A US 791062A US 3598383D A US3598383D A US 3598383DA US 3598383 A US3598383 A US 3598383A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
metal
magnesium
additive
cover
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Expired - Lifetime
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US791062A
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English (en)
Inventor
William H Moore
Harry H Kessler
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MEEHANITE WORLDWIDE Corp
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Individual
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Assigned to MEEHANITE WORLDWIDE CORPORATION reassignment MEEHANITE WORLDWIDE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MEEHANITE METAL CORPORATION, A MO. CORP.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0081—Treating and handling under pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum

Definitions

  • a gas outlet is provided in the cover and is controllable for the purpose of regulating the outflow of gas to atmosphere thereby regulating the gas pressure above the metal surface.
  • An additive container or hopper directly communicates by way of a valve with the space above the metal so that when desired an additive can be introduced into the molten metal. Cooling means are dis closed to condense any volatiiized additive.
  • Our invention relates to an improved method of introducing volatile, oxidizable and combustible alloys into-a ferrous or nonferrous metal.
  • it relates to the introduction of magnesium, calcium, lithium, aluminum, antimony, zinc, sodium and other alloys, for the purposes of deoxidation or other special effects, in such a way that the additive alloy is readily incorporated in the melt without excessive loss due to volatilization, oxidation, etc.
  • Our invention is more particularly directed towards incorporating elemental magnesium or concentrated magnesium alloys into cast irons for the purpose of making nodular graphite cast iron.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a means and method of incorporating alloys into the melt so as to increase the efficiency of recovery.
  • Another object is to allow the use of concentrated magnesium alloys or even metallic magnesium by addition directly to the melt, for the purpose of making nodular irons.
  • Another object is to allow other highly oxidizable alloys to be used effectively in both ferrous and nonferrous melts.
  • Another object is to allow volatile alloys to be used effectively in ferrous and nonferrous melts.
  • Still another object is to decrease the degree of oxidation of the metal bath during the process of degassing or purifying of the melt.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the apparatus of the preferred embodiment of this invention in which 1 is a refractory-lined vessel for holding molten metal, the surface of which is indicated at 6.
  • a cover 2 is held in position by clamps 3 fitted with an alloy hopper 9 having'a cover 11 and a controllable valve 10.
  • a controllable outlet 7 is fitted with a valve control 8 and a cooling coil 20 surrounds the outlet.
  • a porous refractory plug assembly 4 is supplied by a gas line 5.
  • a pressure guage 12 for the purpose of ensuring a positive pressure in the chamber is attached to the core;
  • FIG. 2 is essentially the same arrangement as FIG. 1 showing a metal inlet 14 and a metal outlet 13, enabling metal to be introduced and exhausted from the apparatus continuously.
  • a cooling gas supply 21 is provided in the cover for introducing a gas under pressure which upon expansion creates a cooling effect in the chamber above the molten metal;
  • F IG. 3 is another arrangement of a suitable apparatus for this invention, having the same features, but introducing the gas directly through the cover through the gas pipe and being fitted with a refractory rotatable paddle 22 driven from a motor 23 -through two gears 24; and
  • FIG. 4 is still another suitable apparatus for this invention comprising a refractory-lined vessel 1 with a porous plug 4, a gas inlet 5 and a cover 2 with a refractory bottom 25 projecting into and below the surface of the metal 6.
  • An alloy hopper 9 is provided which has a cover 11, and a valve 10.
  • a gas outlet 7 is located in the cover 2 and also has a controllable valve 8.
  • the cover 2 may be carried by a hoist or other suitable means so it can be removed readily from the vessel 1.
  • Another popular method is to inject metallic magnesium or magnesium alloy under the surface of the melt by using a suitable lance or tube.
  • magnesium rises through the metal to the surface in the form of vapor and burns at the surface of the metal, where it contacts the oxygen in the air.
  • Recovery by this method is usually on the order of 10 percent of the magnesium added.
  • Another method is to use magnesium alloys which are relatively dilute and place these into a refractory bell, which is then plunged under the surface of the metal. This method also allows magnesium vapor to rise through the metal bath but here again, this magnesium burns violently on contact with the air at the surface of the metal bath.
  • inert gas through a porous plug or a lance, which allows the gasto enter the metal at the bottom of the bath and provides for agitation of the bath with the inert gas.
  • Ne contain the bath in a suitable vessel, which is fitted with a relatively airtight cover and a gas escape valve, with a controllable outlet.
  • This cover effectively encloses the area above the bath, which would normally be in contact with air.
  • the gas bubbling through the bath ejects air from the enclosure at the top of the bath and replaces it with an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, argon or with any other gas which may be used, such as natural gas, carbon monoxide, etc., which does not contain oxygen. Gases which provide special atmospheres. such as chlorine, fluorine, etc., may also be used.
  • a positive in the chamber of at least l-inch water gauge is usually sufficient to ensure removal of all air from the chamber.
  • cooling means at the controllable exhaust, so as to condense the alloy and allow it to fall back into the bath, much as would be the case with a reflux condenser.
  • a cooling gas under pressure such as CO or liquid nitrogen in the upper part of the chamber causes vapor to liquify and drop back into the molten metal.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings A melt, to which the oxidizable alloy is to be added is placed in the refractory-lined vessel 1 and the cover 2 is clamped into position with'the clamps 3.
  • the alloy to be added is placed in the hopper 9 with the valve 10 in the closed position and with the cover 11 in place.
  • Gas is introduced through the metal by means of the porous refractory plug 4 and by opening the control on the gas inlet 5.
  • the metal surface 6 is brought to a suitable degree of agitation and valve control 8 is partially opened, so as to leave a positive pressure by gauge 12) in the chamber formed between the cover 2 and the ladle 1.
  • Gas is blown for a period of l to 2 minutes, to completely replace the air in the aforesaid chamber.
  • the valve 10 is opened and the additive alloy is allowed to fall on the surface of the metal 6, whereby it c becomes effectively incorporated into the melt.
  • the gas flow through the gas inlet pipe 5 is stopped, the cover 2 is removed from the refractory-lined vessel and the metal is ready for casting.
  • the cooling coil may be utilized if it is necessary to condense any vaporized additive.
  • FIG. 2 differs slightly from FIG. 1 in that inlet and outlet passages are provided so as to provide continuous metal treatment and in this embodiment a source of cooling gas 21 is provided to condense any vaporized additive in the space under the cover 2, in addition to the gas supply 5.
  • a source of cooling gas 21 is provided to condense any vaporized additive in the space under the cover 2, in addition to the gas supply 5.
  • the inert gas atmosphere is provided by gas introduced through conduit 5 directly into the space under cover 2 and mechanical stirring is accomplished by stirrer 22 which extends into the molten metal and driven by motor 23 through gearing 24.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 differs from the other showings in the construction of the cover 2. Instead of the clamps 3 the lower periphery of this cover is constructed of a refractory material 25 which can be lowered into the molten metal bath and the airtight seal is thus accomplished. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that portions of one embodiment of the invention can be readily incorporated into other of the embodiments.
  • An apparatus for introducing volatile or readily oxidizable additives into molten metal comprising a refractory-lined vessel adapted to hold molten metal, means for introducing additives into the molten metal without substantially breaking the gas pressure in the vessel, conduit means fitted in the refractory-lined vessel below the molten metal level, said conduit means comprising means for continuously introducing a nonreactive or inert gas into the vessel which gas bubbles up through the molten metal and serves to agitate the same, gas outlet means in said vessel which is always in the open condition in operation of said apparatus and is so adjustable as to create a small positive pressure of the gas above the surface of the molten metal with continuous flow of the gas.
  • conduit means includes a porous refractory plug fitted in the vessel and through which the gas flows.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim I wherein the refractorylined vessel comprises an upper part, which projects into the molten metal bath, to provide a gastight seal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
US791062A 1969-01-14 1969-01-14 Method and apparatus for incorporating additives in a melt Expired - Lifetime US3598383A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79106269A 1969-01-14 1969-01-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3598383A true US3598383A (en) 1971-08-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US791062A Expired - Lifetime US3598383A (en) 1969-01-14 1969-01-14 Method and apparatus for incorporating additives in a melt

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US3598383A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS504161B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE737059A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR6912880D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH542930A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1941760A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES372561A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI50345C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2028243A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1281233A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6918061A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE375794B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769004A (en) * 1971-05-10 1973-10-30 Iverson J Method of producing a killed steel
DE2545104A1 (de) * 1974-10-11 1976-04-22 Ugine Aciers Automatenstahl und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
US3980469A (en) * 1973-04-28 1976-09-14 Thyssen Niederrhein Ag Hutten- Und Walzwerke Method of desulfurization of a steel melt
US4321088A (en) * 1978-05-11 1982-03-23 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for treating pig iron melts and steel melts or alloys
US4409028A (en) * 1979-10-24 1983-10-11 Moore William H Process for producing cast iron
US4408750A (en) * 1981-02-26 1983-10-11 Scandinavian Lancers Aktiebolag Method and arrangement for spreading covering material
US4415358A (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-11-15 Arbed S.A. Method of desulfurizing a ferrous melt
US4469513A (en) * 1983-07-01 1984-09-04 Southwire Company Molten copper oxygenation
USRE31676E (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-09-18 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US4490172A (en) * 1979-06-29 1984-12-25 Moore William H Method of melting and refining steel and other ferrous alloys
US4544405A (en) * 1983-09-02 1985-10-01 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing steels of great purity and low gas content in steel mills and steel foundries and apparatus therefor
US4723763A (en) * 1985-10-15 1988-02-09 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Device for continuous injection under low pressure of a powdered additive into a stream of molten metal
US4915906A (en) * 1988-06-17 1990-04-10 Canadian Patents And Development Limited/Societie Canadienne Des Brevets Et D'exploitation Limitee Novel zinc-based alloys, preparation and use thereof for producing thermal-sprayed coatings having improved corrosion resistance and adherence
US4941913A (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-07-17 Voest-Alpine Stahl Donawitz Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for heating steel melts as well as device for performing this process
WO1990013382A1 (en) * 1989-05-02 1990-11-15 Aga Ab Treatment of melts in a ladle and apparatus for such treatment
US5226946A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Howmet Corporation Vacuum melting/casting method to reduce inclusions
US20040170520A1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2004-09-02 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Hydrogen absorbing alloy and nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery
CN100482809C (zh) * 2005-06-27 2009-04-29 刘东业 混铁炉内用镁进行铁水脱硫的方法与实现该方法的设备

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54145761U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-03-31 1979-10-09
US4214899A (en) * 1979-03-09 1980-07-29 Union Carbide Corporation Method for the addition of a reactive metal to a molten metal bath
SE446881B (sv) * 1981-12-15 1986-10-13 Asea Ab Forfaringssett for framstellning, forvaring och varmhallning av segjern i rennugn av s.k. teapot-typ.
GB2164059A (en) * 1984-09-04 1986-03-12 Materials & Methods Ltd Treatment of molten iron
CH679987A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1989-11-28 1992-05-29 Fischer Ag Georg

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2089222A (en) * 1936-09-01 1937-08-10 Pearson M Payne Ferric alloy process
US2781260A (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-02-12 Int Nickel Co Process and apparatus for the treatment of molten ferrous alloys
CA555980A (en) * 1958-04-15 Kope Gunter Method of and apparatus for treatment of iron materials in a liquid state
GB898986A (en) * 1959-03-24 1962-06-20 Ruhrstahl Ag Improvements in or relating to the refining of metal
US3137753A (en) * 1959-06-30 1964-06-16 Fischer Ag Georg Device for treating metallic melts

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA555980A (en) * 1958-04-15 Kope Gunter Method of and apparatus for treatment of iron materials in a liquid state
US2089222A (en) * 1936-09-01 1937-08-10 Pearson M Payne Ferric alloy process
US2781260A (en) * 1954-03-06 1957-02-12 Int Nickel Co Process and apparatus for the treatment of molten ferrous alloys
GB898986A (en) * 1959-03-24 1962-06-20 Ruhrstahl Ag Improvements in or relating to the refining of metal
US3137753A (en) * 1959-06-30 1964-06-16 Fischer Ag Georg Device for treating metallic melts

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769004A (en) * 1971-05-10 1973-10-30 Iverson J Method of producing a killed steel
US3980469A (en) * 1973-04-28 1976-09-14 Thyssen Niederrhein Ag Hutten- Und Walzwerke Method of desulfurization of a steel melt
DE2545104A1 (de) * 1974-10-11 1976-04-22 Ugine Aciers Automatenstahl und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
US4321088A (en) * 1978-05-11 1982-03-23 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Process for treating pig iron melts and steel melts or alloys
US4490172A (en) * 1979-06-29 1984-12-25 Moore William H Method of melting and refining steel and other ferrous alloys
US4409028A (en) * 1979-10-24 1983-10-11 Moore William H Process for producing cast iron
US4408750A (en) * 1981-02-26 1983-10-11 Scandinavian Lancers Aktiebolag Method and arrangement for spreading covering material
US4415358A (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-11-15 Arbed S.A. Method of desulfurizing a ferrous melt
USRE31676E (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-09-18 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US4469513A (en) * 1983-07-01 1984-09-04 Southwire Company Molten copper oxygenation
US4544405A (en) * 1983-09-02 1985-10-01 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing steels of great purity and low gas content in steel mills and steel foundries and apparatus therefor
US4723763A (en) * 1985-10-15 1988-02-09 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Device for continuous injection under low pressure of a powdered additive into a stream of molten metal
US4915906A (en) * 1988-06-17 1990-04-10 Canadian Patents And Development Limited/Societie Canadienne Des Brevets Et D'exploitation Limitee Novel zinc-based alloys, preparation and use thereof for producing thermal-sprayed coatings having improved corrosion resistance and adherence
US4941913A (en) * 1988-07-22 1990-07-17 Voest-Alpine Stahl Donawitz Gesellschaft M.B.H. Process for heating steel melts as well as device for performing this process
WO1990013382A1 (en) * 1989-05-02 1990-11-15 Aga Ab Treatment of melts in a ladle and apparatus for such treatment
US5215573A (en) * 1989-05-02 1993-06-01 Mikael Brunner Treatment of melts in a ladle and apparatus for such treatment
US5226946A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Howmet Corporation Vacuum melting/casting method to reduce inclusions
US20040170520A1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2004-09-02 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Hydrogen absorbing alloy and nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery
CN100482809C (zh) * 2005-06-27 2009-04-29 刘东业 混铁炉内用镁进行铁水脱硫的方法与实现该方法的设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1281233A (en) 1972-07-12
FR2028243A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-09
FI50345C (fi) 1976-02-10
CH542930A (de) 1973-10-15
NL6918061A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-16
JPS504161B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-15
DE1941760A1 (de) 1971-02-04
ES372561A1 (es) 1971-10-16
FI50345B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-31
BR6912880D0 (pt) 1973-04-05
SE375794B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-28
BE737059A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-16

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AS Assignment

Owner name: MEEHANITE WORLDWIDE CORPORATION, SOUTH CAROLINA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MEEHANITE METAL CORPORATION, A MO. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004651/0769

Effective date: 19861212

Owner name: MEEHANITE WORLDWIDE CORPORATION, 112 CAROLINA COVE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MEEHANITE METAL CORPORATION, A MO. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004651/0769

Effective date: 19861212