US3597558A - Multiple-walled arc-quenching chamber for vacuum switching devices - Google Patents

Multiple-walled arc-quenching chamber for vacuum switching devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3597558A
US3597558A US822939A US3597558DA US3597558A US 3597558 A US3597558 A US 3597558A US 822939 A US822939 A US 822939A US 3597558D A US3597558D A US 3597558DA US 3597558 A US3597558 A US 3597558A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arc
combination
wall
chamber
metallic
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US822939A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfred G H Gotsch
Heinz Hanisch
Ernst Freund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INST PRUEFFELD ELEKT
INSTITUT PRUFFELD fur ELEKTRISCHE HOCHLEISTUNGSTECHNIK
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INST PRUEFFELD ELEKT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66276—Details relating to the mounting of screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/668—Means for obtaining or monitoring the vacuum

Definitions

  • the insulating portion of the housing of an arcquenching chamber is created in the form of a double-wall cylinder.
  • the hollow space between the walls is filled with gas at a pressure which is higher than that in the evacuated chamber but lower than the atmospheric pressure.
  • the present invention relates generally to arc-quenching chambers for vacuum switching devices.
  • the present invention relates to the reduction of permeation to gas in the housing of such chambers.
  • housing for arc-quenching chambers wherein switching electrodes and shielding members are disposed are made up of metal and glass, or of metal and ceramic.
  • the housing is designed in the form of a cylinder the cylindrical wall portion of which is of glass or ceramic and hermetically sealed by a special bonding process to metal closure plates.
  • the interior of the arc-quenching chamber is usually highly evacuated and, from the outside, the walls of the housing are exposed to normal atmospheric pressure.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an arc-quenching chamber for vacuum switching devices the housing of which is almost completely impermeable to gases and reduced in size, especially in total height.
  • the object of the present invention is to design a housing in which the surface portions which are susceptible to the penetration by gas are reduced.
  • Another object of the present invention is to reduce or remove the danger of penetration of gases into the interior of the evacuated arcquenching chamber.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an arc-quenching chamber which--in spite of lower height in comparison with conventional chambers-4s adjustable to operate at different nominal voltages and adaptable to installation in outdoor or indoor stations.
  • the housing of a vacuum arc-quenching chamber which is made at least partially of insulating material, has the insulating portion carried out as a multiplewall, preferably two-wall envelope with one or more hermetically sealed hollow spaces between the walls.
  • the hollow spaces are adapted for being evacuated, and are filled with gas, such as, for example, air, inert gas or SF
  • gas such as, for example, air, inert gas or SF
  • the pressure of the gas in the hollow space is higher than the extremely low pressure in the interior of the evacuated chamber but lower than normal atmospheric pressure.
  • the double-wall housing section consists of an outer insulating cylinder and of a concentrically arranged inner cylinder of insulating material. The resulting hollow space therebetween is hermetically sealed.
  • the double-wall housing consists, according to another variation of the present invention, of an inner insulating cylinder and of an insulating outer wall surrounding the latter.
  • the outer wall which can be assembled of several parts is dimensioned and designed in such a manner as to ensure the required spark-over paths or tracking spark-over paths between two voltage-carrying closure plates arranged on the ends of the inner cylinder, and to maintain a fixed height of the housing of the chamber for various nominal voltages as well as for the employment thereof indoor and indoor stations.
  • the double-wall housing is in the form of a homogenous outer insulation cylinder coupled at the ends thereof .with an inner cylinder which is assembled of two portions, namely of insulation cylinder portions and of a metal cylinder portion.
  • the insulating surface area of the inner cylinder which has the greatest permeability to gas, is most efi'ectively reduced.
  • the multiple-wall housing can be also assembled of one of more metal cylinder and insulation cylinder sections, the latter sections having double walls and being integral with the ends of the former metal sections. It is also advantageous to arrange one or more of these metal cylinder sections in a certain distance around the contact surfaces of the switching electrodes to serve as shields against metal vapors. Of course, it is possible to equip these shielding metal cylinder sections with additional, inwardly projecting shield elements.
  • the portions of the housing which are made up of insulating material are joined one to another either directly, for example by casting, melting, etc., or by means of fasteners or connecting members.
  • the potential and drive-controlling parts such as resistors, condensers, rectifiers, spark gaps and the like, can be arranged for being protected from the outer atmosphere, especially from the extremely changeable humidity and coating effects.
  • the arc-quenching chamber according to the present invention is primarily characterized in that the degree of susceptibility to permeation of its housing by gas is substantially reduced.
  • This favorable feature results from the fact that the walls of the insulating section of the housing are doubled and the gas pressure in the intermediate hollow space is set to be between the low pressure in the interior of the chamber and the atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure difference at each side of the two walls of insulating material is, advantageously, made several orders of magnitude smaller than the total pressure difference between the inside of the arc-quenching chamber and the outside.
  • Still further advantage of the present invention results from that high quality special glass or ceramic material is not necessary for the housing, and it is possible to employ much cheaper kind of glass or ceramic material and thus considerably reduce the price of the arc-quenching chambers.
  • the inventive solution also enables to reduce the dimensions of the housing and to create favorable conditions for the design of a series of standardized models, since by maintaining a constant height of the housing it is possible simply by shaping and suitable dimensioning of the other surface area of the housing to accommodate the arc-quenching chamber for the operation at different nominal voltages as well as to modify the same for outdoor or indoor applications.
  • FIGS. 1-4 show, in partially sectional views, side elevations of four various modifications of the arc-quenching chamber according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1-4 have the same basic structure. However, as regards to the housing, they differ one from another in design.
  • the arc-quenching chamber 1 comprises cylindrical housing la, lb of insulating material ter minated at each end thereof with metal closure plates 3 and 4, and evacuated.
  • Lower closure plate 3 supports fixedly mounted contact electrode whereas the upper closure plate serves as a guide for movable contact electrode 6.
  • the movable electrode is sealed by means of metal bellows 7 which is secured at one end to the closure plate 4 and at the other end to stem 6a of electrode 6.
  • This arrangement enables that the spaced contact surfaces of electrodes 5 and 6 can move for performing the switching function.
  • shield member 8 which protects the insulating inside wall of housing 1 from metal vapors generated by the current interruption and ensures that the insulation between the closure plates and the electrodes remain unaffected.
  • At least the section of housing 1 which is made of insulating material, is in the form of two spaced concentrical walls la and 1b with hermetically sealed hollow spaced 9 therebetween.
  • the hollow space 9 contains air and/or another gas such as, for example, inert gas or SP
  • the pressure of the gas is higher than that in the interior of the arc-quenching chamber but lower than normal atmospheric pressure.
  • the double-wall housing is created of outer insulation cylinder la and of a concentrically arranged inner insulation cylinder lb.
  • the two cylinders are spaced one from another and hermetically sealed at their end portions to form the intermediate hollow space 9.
  • FIG. 2 shows another variation of the present invention.
  • Double-wall housing 1 comprises inner insulating cylinder lb and homogenous outer envelope la which completely surrounds the outer surface of the inner cylinder and is coupled thereto by means of connecting members 10 sealing the resulting intermediate space 9.
  • the outer wall ofenvelope la is provided with ribs la to improve insulating condition in the space or surface spark-over path between the voltage carrying closure plates 3 and 4.
  • This embodiment ofthe housing is particularly adequate for the production of standardized series of the chambers since the configuration of the inner cylinder lb remains unchanged whereas, only by means of an adequate shaping and dimensioning of the outer envelope la, the arcquenching chamber can be adjusted to various operating voltages or for the application in outdoor or indoor stations.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another modification of chamber 1 with the housing having homogenous outer insulation cylinder la and an inner cylinder assembled of three superimposed sections, namely of two insulating cylinder sections lb and an intermediate metal cylinder section lb.
  • the sections are firmly coupled one to another and by means of connecting members 10' hermetically sealed to the end areas of cylinder la.
  • connecting members 10' hermetically sealed to the end areas of cylinder la.
  • the insulating area of the inner cylinder which is susceptible to the gas penetration becomes reduced to minimum, whereby the permeation of gas into the entire chamber is effectively suppressed.
  • FIG. 4 shows an arc-quenching chamber wherein the housing is formed by an intermediate metal cylinder section la connected at each end thereof with double-walled insulation cylinder sections 1a", 1b.
  • the intermedrate metal cylinder portion [5 provided with inwardly projecting shield elements 11 preventing metal vapors from impinging against the insulating cylinder sections lb.
  • a first switch electrode is rigidly mounted on a first metallic, electrically conductive structure
  • a second switch electrode is movably mounted on a second metallic, electrically conductive structure, for motion of the second toward the'first electrode and away from it
  • said structures having rigid plates to close opposite ends of a highly evacuated arc chamber
  • the improvement which comprises: a plurality of rigid, electrically insulative, mutually surrounding wall structures, having ends hermetically sealed to one another, and to the outer edges of said plates, to provide a sealed jacket space; and a rarified medium, at higher but subatmospheric pressure, in said jacket space.
  • electrically insulative wall structures comprise a pair of short cylinders, radially closed spaced from one another.
  • the rarified medium in the jacket space is selected from the group consisting of air, inert gas and SF 9.
  • said pressure of the rarified medium in the jacket space differs by several orders of magnitude from the pressures inside the arcquenching chamber and on the outside.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
US822939A 1968-09-30 1969-05-08 Multiple-walled arc-quenching chamber for vacuum switching devices Expired - Lifetime US3597558A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681790217 DE1790217A1 (de) 1968-09-30 1968-09-30 Bogenloeschkammer fuer Vakuumschaltgeraete
FR173794 1968-11-14
GB32269 1969-01-02
US82293969A 1969-05-08 1969-05-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3597558A true US3597558A (en) 1971-08-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US822939A Expired - Lifetime US3597558A (en) 1968-09-30 1969-05-08 Multiple-walled arc-quenching chamber for vacuum switching devices

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3597558A (de)
DE (1) DE1790217A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1591832A (de)
GB (1) GB1258811A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51103660U (de) * 1975-02-17 1976-08-19
US4216360A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-08-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Low voltage vacuum switch with internal arcing shield
US4249050A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-02-03 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum switch
CN104576174A (zh) * 2014-12-29 2015-04-29 沈阳华德海泰电子有限公司 一种真空开关管陶瓷外壳与金属的双封结构
US20170084411A1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2017-03-23 Secheron Sa Circuit interrupting device
CN108565178A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-09-21 中国振华电子集团宇光电工有限公司（国营第七七厂） 一种具有双真空室的真空灭弧室结构
CN109698093A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-30 厦门华电开关有限公司 真空灭弧室及其生产方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5344269U (de) * 1976-09-21 1978-04-15
DE3347741A1 (de) * 1983-12-30 1984-05-17 Ernst Prof. Dr.techn.habil. 1000 Berlin Slamecka Elektrischer vakuumschalter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US344343A (en) * 1886-06-29 Electric incandescent lamp
US2160081A (en) * 1934-10-29 1939-05-30 Philips Nv Electron discharge tube
US3236978A (en) * 1962-04-02 1966-02-22 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Arrangements in polyphase modular vacuum switches having common operating means
US3268696A (en) * 1963-10-30 1966-08-23 S & C Electric Co Circuit interrupter having vacuum type interrupter in insulating gas filled housing
DE1245472B (de) * 1965-11-20 1967-07-27 Licentia Gmbh Vakuumschalter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US344343A (en) * 1886-06-29 Electric incandescent lamp
US2160081A (en) * 1934-10-29 1939-05-30 Philips Nv Electron discharge tube
US3236978A (en) * 1962-04-02 1966-02-22 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Arrangements in polyphase modular vacuum switches having common operating means
US3268696A (en) * 1963-10-30 1966-08-23 S & C Electric Co Circuit interrupter having vacuum type interrupter in insulating gas filled housing
DE1245472B (de) * 1965-11-20 1967-07-27 Licentia Gmbh Vakuumschalter

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51103660U (de) * 1975-02-17 1976-08-19
US4249050A (en) * 1977-12-30 1981-02-03 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum switch
US4216360A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-08-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Low voltage vacuum switch with internal arcing shield
US20170084411A1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2017-03-23 Secheron Sa Circuit interrupting device
US10074496B2 (en) * 2014-03-17 2018-09-11 Secheron Sa Circuit interrupting device
CN104576174A (zh) * 2014-12-29 2015-04-29 沈阳华德海泰电子有限公司 一种真空开关管陶瓷外壳与金属的双封结构
CN109698093A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-30 厦门华电开关有限公司 真空灭弧室及其生产方法
CN108565178A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-09-21 中国振华电子集团宇光电工有限公司（国营第七七厂） 一种具有双真空室的真空灭弧室结构
CN108565178B (zh) * 2018-06-21 2024-04-09 中国振华电子集团宇光电工有限公司（国营第七七一厂） 一种具有双真空室的真空灭弧室结构

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Publication number Publication date
DE1790217A1 (de) 1972-01-20
FR1591832A (de) 1970-05-04
GB1258811A (de) 1971-12-30

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