US3596804A - Pouring spout for continuous casting of molten metals - Google Patents

Pouring spout for continuous casting of molten metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596804A
US3596804A US805132A US3596804DA US3596804A US 3596804 A US3596804 A US 3596804A US 805132 A US805132 A US 805132A US 3596804D A US3596804D A US 3596804DA US 3596804 A US3596804 A US 3596804A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle body
temperature
disposed
pouring spout
central opening
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US805132A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry Barrow
Jack E Schmidt
Robert E Fromson
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
    • B22D11/0642—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to'a pouring spout which is suitable for use in the continuous casting of molten metals and in particularly to the continuous casting of molten copper.
  • an apparatus employed in the continuous casting of molten metals such as aluminum or copper included the use of a rotatable drum having a grooved periphery thereabout and around the portion of the drum a steel endless belt is applied to fit tightly to the periphery to close said groove to retain molten metal in the groove until the metal solidifies, the bent being of greater length than the circumference of the drum and diverging therefrom upon opposite 7 sides.
  • This arrangement is best illustrated by reference to various patents issued to llario Properzl and the patents assigned to the Southwire Company, such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,322,184; No. 3,279,000; and No. 2,865,067.
  • molten metal is fed from a tundish through a pouring spout into the groove contained in the periphery of the continuous casting wheel at the point where it .copper, graphite oxidized and in time ablates to'change the intemal and external geometries such that the spout will become inoperative in a relatively short period of use.
  • Continuous casting economies are largely influenced by the length of run and when pouring copper through a graphite spout the run length was limited to about 3 to 4 hours.
  • automation of such continuous casting process was impractical because ofthe continuous changing geometry of the interior dimensions thereby varying the flow rates through the nozzle without control.
  • pouring spouts which are utilized in a bottom of the tundish, assures a continuous slag-free supply of molten metal since the slag will flow to the top of the pouring pot.
  • molten metal exhibits true fluid phenomena including the incidents of whirlpool or vortex flow.
  • a vortex can pump" or drain to gas atmosphere above the liquid level by an entrapping mechanism into the metal stream and into the casting without obvious evidence to this gas entrapping activity being present, that is, when the static head above the pouring spout is high vortexing is obscured and can be of extremely small diameter.
  • vortexing is obvious and gross casting defects can be associated with this last condition.
  • the present invention contemplates a novel pouring spout for use in the continuous casting of molten metals. Essentially,
  • the pouring spout comprises a nozzle having a central opening therein and a sheath disposed about the nozzle in spaced relation thereto defining an annular compartment.
  • a heating means is disposed in order to control the quantity of heat supplied to the nozzle body.
  • an antivortexing means is disposed on the top of the nozzle body in seating engagement therewith for preventing vortex or whirlpool formation during the continuous casting of molten metals.
  • the pouring spout of the present invention having its own heating means contained therein is particularly advantageous during the startup of the continuous casting operation.
  • a predetennined quantity of heat can be supplied to the nozzle body to cause it to reach a desired temperature thereby eliminating all external torch heating'and, by controlling the heating thereof a spout at the proper temperature is available at any time almost instantaneously for programmed operation.
  • the pouring spout will drain completely, consequently, there is no solidification in the bore thus making restarts much easier whether the process has been temporarily interrupted or whether the continuous casting process is being shut down for an extended period of time.
  • any momentary interruptions will not prevent the immediate restart and the resumption of casting operations on a programmed basis. Since the nozzle body retains the required temperature, icicle" formation on the end of the continuous casting tube is greatly reduced thereby improving the quality of the casting obtained.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pouring spout for use in the continuous casting of molten metal which pouring spout contains a regulated heat supply thereto thereby minimizing any abnormalities in the flow rate resulting from startup and shutdown.
  • a more specific object of the present invention is to provide a pouring spout formed from a material which exhibits an exceedingly low degree of ablation when used at elevated temperatures and which contains a programmed heating source for minimizing irregularities from a desired flow pattern.
  • FIG. I is a view in section of the assembled pouring spout
  • FIG. 2 is a view along line II-Il.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in section of the nozzle body with an antivortexing means in position on the top thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating some of the details of the antivortexing means.
  • the pouring spout 10 comprises an elongated nozzle body 12 having a head portion I4 and a tail portion 16 and a central opening 17 extending substantially throughout the length of said nozzle body 12.
  • the head portion 14 is formed to the shape of a frustum of a cone which facilitates seating of the assembled pouring spout within the bottom of a metal tundish (not shown).
  • the external geometry of the tail portion 16 is also in the shape of a frustum of a cone and the tail portion is disposed to extend in close proximity to the cavity from by the groove of the continuous casting wheel where it is matched with the endless belt, the latter apparatus not being shown.
  • silicon carbide such as recrystallized silicon carbide, and in particular silicon nitride doped silicon carbide has proved to be quite advantageous from the standpoint that the internal and external geometry of the nozzle body is unafi'ected by the temperatures and atmospheres I materials exhibit a narrow range of thermal shock sensitivity and as a result careful heating through the sensitive range can be readily accomplished as will be'explained more fully hereinafter without any fear of cracking of the nozzle body itself.
  • the nozzle body 12 is disposed to be surrounded by a sheath 18 in predetermined spaced relation thereto thereby defining an annular cavity 19 the function of which will be explained hereinafter.
  • the sheath 18 extends up to and terminates adthere is no tendency for any material to adhere to the inner jacent to the heat portion 14 and the top portion of the sheath 18, usually, although not necessarily, continues at the same slope as the sides of the head portion as described hereinbefore.
  • the sheath 18 extends a predetermined distance along the length of the nozzle body and terminates at a predetermined distance above the tail portion of the nozzle body 12.
  • the sheath 1! completely encloses and is in tight engagement with the nozzle body 12.
  • a heating means is disposed to reside in the annular cavity 19 formed between the sheath 18 and the nozzle body 12.
  • the heating means comprises a plurality of kidneyshaped electrical resistance heating elements which are disposed in the annular compartment 19.
  • the heating elements are of the sheath type resistance elements with the wires hermetically terminated from magnesia powder encapsulation.
  • These elements 20 are connected to spaced insulated'bus bars 32, thereby permitting the connection of the individual elements in series, parallel or combination.
  • Power thereto is supplied by means of leads 22 connected to bus bars 32 and extending from the annular cavity formed between the sheath 18 and the nozzle body 12.
  • the spout a material of the class known as silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide.
  • This material is particularly advantageous from the standpoint that it has a limited range of thermal shock sensitivity and is not subject to ablation by reason of the temperatures of operation and the environmental conditions involved.
  • the heating element 20 may be programmed by controlling the current supplied through bus leads 22 such that from room temperature to about 800 F.
  • the nozzle body is heated to provide a temperature rise at a rate of about 200 F. per hour. Since the thermal shock sensitivity range for the nozzle material is from about 800 to l,O00 F. the current is regulated so that the heating rate does not exceed 100 F. in this temperature range. It is seldom during the continuous casting of molten copper that the temperature will drop as low as l,000 F. Consequently the risk of thermal shock to the nozzle body is greatly reduced. Thereafter, once the thermal shock sensitivity range has been exceeded the current is then programmed to heat the nozzle at a rate of about 200 F. per hour until a temperature of about l,600 F. is reached.
  • Control of the temperature is maintained by monitoring the temperature of the nozzle body 12 by means of a thermocouple 24 inserted through opening 23in the sheath 18 and disposed in close proximity to the nozzle body 12. On cooling the nozzle from the pouring temperature the temperature programmed control is reversed.
  • the use of silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide is advantageous from the standpoint that the material is relative nonwetting with respect to the molten copper being cast.
  • the temperature of the pouring spout can be maintained with in relatively narrow limits. Accordingly, once the continuous casting process has begun bore of the pouring spout by reason of momentary interruptions of the flow of molten metal nor for that matter during a brief shutdown, since the controlled heat input to the nozzle body will maintain the nozzle body at a temperature in excess of the melting point of the copper.
  • the nozzle body 12' is composed of the same material and is formed to substantially the same internal geometries and external with the exception of the heat portion 14.
  • the head portion 14 is provided with a circumferential groove 25 which is disposed concentric to the central opening 17 and in the top part of the head portion 14, the function of which will be describedhereinafter.
  • an antivortexing device shown generally at 26 Disposed for seating engagement on the heat portion 14 is an antivortexing device shown generally at 26 which comprises annular ring member 28 upon which a plurality of upwardly extending vanes 30 are situated and disposed radially about the central opening 17 in the head portion 14 of the nozzle body 12.
  • the antivortexing device 26 is also formed of the same silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide and the annular ring 28 is provided on the side opposite the -vanes 30 with a tongue portion 32 which is matched to fit the circumferential groove 25 to be found in the head portion 14 of the nozzle body 12.
  • the tongue '32 and groove 25 aspect of the heat portion 14 and the annular ring 28 are employed for maintaining the antivortexing device 26 concentric to the opening 17 in the nozzle body 12 and to provide extra shear strength for the antivortexing device 26 and the top portion 14.
  • the antivortexing device 26 is shown as being a separate unit, the antivortexing device 26 can be molded and fires as a single integral unit with the nozzle body 12 or it may be formed as a separate unit and thereafter cemented into place.
  • integral tabs and dimple can be utilized in the various component to substantially obtain the same effect.
  • the vanes 30 are formed usually integrally with the annular ring member 28.
  • the vanes 30 are generally upwardly extending and have a general wedge-shaped thereto and are disposed radially about the centralopening 17 in the head portion 14 of the nozzle body 12.
  • Control of the program is maintained by monitoring the temperature of the nozzle body 12 by thermocouple 24.
  • the nozzle body is maintained at a temperature in excess of the freezing perature for prolonged periods of time without any danger of ablation due to reaction with the atmosphere.
  • the heating element can be controlled by an appropriate schedule to bring it back to room temperature by natural cooling by radiation and convection, the same being:
  • a pouring spout for use in the continuous casting of molten metals comprising, a silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide thermally sensitive elongated nozzle body having head and tail portions and a central opening extending throughout the length of said nozzle body, said thermal sensitivity occurring at a temperature within the range between about 800 F.
  • said heat portion of the nozzle body having a circumferential groove concentric with the central opening in the nozzle body and spaced radially therefrom, a sheath disposed about the nozzle body in spaced relation thereto'defining an annular compartment, said sheath being disposed in engagement with the head portion of the nozzle body and terminating a predetermined distance above the tail portion of the nozzle body electrical resistance heating means disposed within the annular compartment for supplying a predetermined quantity of heat to the nozzle body programmed meanscooperatingwith the heating means for providing a predetermined control of the temperature of the thermally sensitive nozzle body both on heating and cooling including a high rate of temperature rise or fall between room embodiments, modifications and variations may be employed without departing from the underlying spirit and scope of the invention.
  • a pouring spout for use in continuous casting of molten metals comprising, a thermally sensitive elongated nozzle body having heat and tail portions and a central opening extending through the length of said nozzle body, a sheath disposed about the nozzle body in spaced relation thereto defining an annular compartment, said sheath extending from the head portion and terminating at a predetermined distance above the tail portion, means disposed in the annular compartment for supplying a predetermined quantity of heat to the nozzle body programmed means cooperating with the heating means for providing a predetermined control of the temperature of the thermally sensitive nozzle body including a high rate of temperature rise in the region of low thermal sensitivity, a low rate of temperature rise in the region of high thermal sensitivity and maintenance of any predetermined selected temperature, and means disposed on the heat portion of the nozzle body for inhibiting vortex movement of the molten metal through the opening in the noule body.
  • the vortex inhibiting means comprises a plurality of upwardly extending generally wedge-shaped vanes disposed radially about the centemperature and about 800 F. a temperature rise or fall not in excess .of 100 F. per hour through the temperature range. between 800 F. and about l,000 F. and maintenance of any predetermined selected temperature and an antivortexing assembly comprising an annular ring member disposed concentric with the central opening and having a tongue on one surface thereof and a plurality of upwardly extending vanes disposed on the opposite surface and radially extending about the central opening, said tongue and said annular ring member being secured in seating engagement in the circumferential groove of the head portion of the nozzle body.
  • a pouring spout for use in the continuous casting of the molten metals comprising, a thermally sensitive elongated nozzle body having a central opening extending throughout the length of said nozzle body, heating means disposed about at least a portion of the nozzle body for cona high rate of temperature rise in the region of low thermal sensitivity, a'low rate of temperature rise in the region of high thermal sensitivity and maintenance of any predetermine selected temperature and means disposed on at least one end of the nozzle body for inhibiting vortex movement of the molten metal through the opening in the nozzle body.
  • the pouring spout of claim 5 in which the nozzle body is formed of silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide having a range of thermal shock sensitivity between about 800 F. and 1,000 F., the rate of high temperature rise is about 200 F. per hour and the rate of low temperature rise is not greater than about F. per hour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US805132A 1969-03-07 1969-03-07 Pouring spout for continuous casting of molten metals Expired - Lifetime US3596804A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80513269A 1969-03-07 1969-03-07

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US3596804A true US3596804A (en) 1971-08-03

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US805132A Expired - Lifetime US3596804A (en) 1969-03-07 1969-03-07 Pouring spout for continuous casting of molten metals

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US (1) US3596804A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4930614B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2034727A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1236185A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3752372A (en) * 1971-04-20 1973-08-14 Southwire Co Clay-graphite spout
FR2415503A1 (fr) * 1978-01-30 1979-08-24 Alusuisse Busette pour la coulee de bandes
USD259324S (en) 1978-09-01 1981-05-26 Hertel Terry J Heated tip for use with a heating tool or the like
US4339508A (en) * 1977-11-28 1982-07-13 Shiro Maeda Method for manufacturing a thin and flexible ribbon of superconductor material
US4359625A (en) * 1978-11-07 1982-11-16 Nippon Crucible Co., Ltd. Method of preheating immersion nozzle for continuous casting
US4389002A (en) * 1980-02-07 1983-06-21 Kona Corporation Injection molding nozzle
US4805806A (en) * 1980-12-17 1989-02-21 Boc Limited Apparatus for dispensing liquefied gas
EP0302040A3 (en) * 1987-07-31 1990-03-07 Desaar Rech Et Dev Improvement for ladles to cast metal
US4941597A (en) * 1985-10-25 1990-07-17 Metal Masters Foodservice Equipment Co. Dispenser with heated spout
US5382003A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-01-17 Sankaranarayanan; Ramani Flow control device for the suppression of vortices
AU667830B2 (en) * 1992-05-12 1996-04-18 Usx Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Refractory article for preventing vortexing in a metallurgical vessel
US5544695A (en) * 1993-06-01 1996-08-13 Harasym; Michael Antivortexing nozzle system for pouring molten metal
US6419476B1 (en) 1998-08-25 2002-07-16 Joseph P. Ouellette Thermally insulated runner manifold and injection nozzle construction for plastic molding apparatus
US20100032455A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-11 Timothy James Cooper Control pin and spout system for heating metal casting distribution spout configurations
US20100246743A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-09-30 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas, Llc Steam flow vortex straightener
EP2486156A4 (en) * 2009-10-08 2014-07-23 Wagstaff Inc REGULATING QUENOUILLE AND CASTING BUSHING SYSTEM FOR HEATING CONFIGURATIONS OF CAST BUSHERS DISPENSING FUSION METAL
US20190076918A1 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-03-14 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamically positioned diffuser for metal distribution during a casting operation
US10557207B2 (en) * 2014-02-13 2020-02-11 Phinix, LLC Electrorefining of magnesium from scrap metal aluminum or magnesium alloys
CN114523097A (zh) * 2022-01-13 2022-05-24 北京科技大学 一种连铸生产中长水口包覆调温系统及方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS49114223U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-01-25 1974-09-30
FR2378591A1 (fr) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-25 Buscher Kg Conduit elevateur pour la coulee de metaux sous la pression d'un gaz
US4946082A (en) * 1989-07-10 1990-08-07 General Electric Company Transfer tube with in situ heater

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US284172A (en) * 1883-09-04 G ream ing-can
US2098937A (en) * 1934-03-02 1937-11-16 Brinkmann Heinrich Ladle for casting fluid metal
FR944518A (fr) * 1947-03-17 1949-04-07 Perfectionnements aux pots d'injection pour presses à injecter les matières plastiques
US3395840A (en) * 1966-07-15 1968-08-06 Vesuvius Crucible Co Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal
US3435992A (en) * 1966-03-11 1969-04-01 Tisdale Co Inc Pouring nozzle for continuous casting liquid metal or ordinary steel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US284172A (en) * 1883-09-04 G ream ing-can
US2098937A (en) * 1934-03-02 1937-11-16 Brinkmann Heinrich Ladle for casting fluid metal
FR944518A (fr) * 1947-03-17 1949-04-07 Perfectionnements aux pots d'injection pour presses à injecter les matières plastiques
US3435992A (en) * 1966-03-11 1969-04-01 Tisdale Co Inc Pouring nozzle for continuous casting liquid metal or ordinary steel
US3395840A (en) * 1966-07-15 1968-08-06 Vesuvius Crucible Co Nozzle for a bottom pour ladle for molten metal

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3752372A (en) * 1971-04-20 1973-08-14 Southwire Co Clay-graphite spout
US4339508A (en) * 1977-11-28 1982-07-13 Shiro Maeda Method for manufacturing a thin and flexible ribbon of superconductor material
US4619309A (en) * 1978-01-30 1986-10-28 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Nozzle for strip casting
FR2415503A1 (fr) * 1978-01-30 1979-08-24 Alusuisse Busette pour la coulee de bandes
US4290477A (en) * 1978-01-30 1981-09-22 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Nozzle for strip casting
US4485835A (en) * 1978-01-30 1984-12-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Nozzle for strip casting
USD259324S (en) 1978-09-01 1981-05-26 Hertel Terry J Heated tip for use with a heating tool or the like
US4359625A (en) * 1978-11-07 1982-11-16 Nippon Crucible Co., Ltd. Method of preheating immersion nozzle for continuous casting
US4389002A (en) * 1980-02-07 1983-06-21 Kona Corporation Injection molding nozzle
US4805806A (en) * 1980-12-17 1989-02-21 Boc Limited Apparatus for dispensing liquefied gas
US4941597A (en) * 1985-10-25 1990-07-17 Metal Masters Foodservice Equipment Co. Dispenser with heated spout
EP0302040A3 (en) * 1987-07-31 1990-03-07 Desaar Rech Et Dev Improvement for ladles to cast metal
USRE35597E (en) * 1992-05-12 1997-08-26 Usx Corporation Refractory article for preventing vortexing in a metallurgical vessel
AU667830B2 (en) * 1992-05-12 1996-04-18 Usx Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Refractory article for preventing vortexing in a metallurgical vessel
US5382003A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-01-17 Sankaranarayanan; Ramani Flow control device for the suppression of vortices
US5544695A (en) * 1993-06-01 1996-08-13 Harasym; Michael Antivortexing nozzle system for pouring molten metal
US6419476B1 (en) 1998-08-25 2002-07-16 Joseph P. Ouellette Thermally insulated runner manifold and injection nozzle construction for plastic molding apparatus
US20020140131A1 (en) * 1998-08-25 2002-10-03 Ouellette Joseph P. Thermally insulated runner manifold and injection nozzle construction for plastic molding apparatus
US20100032455A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-11 Timothy James Cooper Control pin and spout system for heating metal casting distribution spout configurations
US20100246743A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-09-30 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas, Llc Steam flow vortex straightener
EP2486156A4 (en) * 2009-10-08 2014-07-23 Wagstaff Inc REGULATING QUENOUILLE AND CASTING BUSHING SYSTEM FOR HEATING CONFIGURATIONS OF CAST BUSHERS DISPENSING FUSION METAL
US10557207B2 (en) * 2014-02-13 2020-02-11 Phinix, LLC Electrorefining of magnesium from scrap metal aluminum or magnesium alloys
US20190076918A1 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-03-14 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamically positioned diffuser for metal distribution during a casting operation
US10913108B2 (en) * 2017-09-12 2021-02-09 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamically positioned diffuser for metal distribution during a casting operation
US11292051B2 (en) 2017-09-12 2022-04-05 Wagstaff, Inc. Dynamically positioned diffuser for metal distribution during a casting operation
CN114523097A (zh) * 2022-01-13 2022-05-24 北京科技大学 一种连铸生产中长水口包覆调温系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1236185A (en) 1971-06-23
JPS4930614B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-14
FR2034727A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-11

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