US3591483A - Diaphragm-type electrolytic cells - Google Patents

Diaphragm-type electrolytic cells Download PDF

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Publication number
US3591483A
US3591483A US763121A US3591483DA US3591483A US 3591483 A US3591483 A US 3591483A US 763121 A US763121 A US 763121A US 3591483D A US3591483D A US 3591483DA US 3591483 A US3591483 A US 3591483A
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Prior art keywords
cell
anode
anodes
cell base
diaphragm
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US763121A
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English (en)
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Richard E Loftfield
Henry W Laub
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Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Co
Eltech Systems Corp
Diamond Shamrock Corp
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Diamond Shamrock Corp
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Assigned to DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY reassignment DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS), EFFECTIVE 9-1-83 AND 10-26-83 Assignors: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION CHANGED TO DIAMOND CHEMICALS COMPANY
Assigned to ELTECH SYSTEMS CORPORATION reassignment ELTECH SYSTEMS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION, 717 N. HARWOOD STREET, DALLAS, TX 75201
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections

Definitions

  • Diaphragm-type cells for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal halide brines generally employ a foraminous or perforated metallic cathode and a fluid-permeable diaphragm overlaying the cathode thereby permitting hydraulic flow of electrolyte from the anode chamber through the diaphragm and cathode into the cathode chamber.
  • Such cells first made their appearance in the early part of the twentieth century.
  • the fluid permeable diaphragm by separating the anode and cathode chainbers, avoids the disturbing effects of convection currents and gas evolution, and generally inhibits migration of hydroxyl ions towards the anode.
  • Those diaphragm-type cells most widely used today are of the circulating electrolyte type, wherein the diaphragms and cathodes may be arranged horizontally or vertically, but in most instances, at least in the United States, the arrangement is vertical.
  • Such cells are in wide-spread use in the industry for the production of chlorine and caustic soda from sodium chloride brines and, through the use of various sophisticated modifications, considerable efficiency has been obtained from the cells which have been operated at current densities approaching one ampere per square inch. However, despite their wide-spread acceptance, these cells nevertheless have certain drawbacks and disadvantages which limit the further modification and improvement thereof.
  • an electrically insulating coating for example asphalt, which prevents access of the corrosive anolyte to the metal.
  • a layer of concrete is applied over this asphalt layer to complete the base construction.
  • Another disadvantage is found in the fact that, upon use, the concrete layer will deteriorate and particles thereof will tend to plug the diaphragm, thereby significantly reducing the effective surface area thereof and necessitating an increase in voltage if a constant current density is to be maintained.
  • a further significant disadvantage of this construction lies in the fact that a substantial resistance to the passage of current results from the fact that the current must pass from the outside conductor through the copper base, the conductive bonding layer and finally into the graphite anode itself, each point of contact adding to the total resistance.
  • An additional and obvious disadvantage is that the anodes themselves gradually deteriorate and after a certain period of time must be replaced. This replacement operation involves considerable effort and expense since the remaining portions of the anode blades must be manually removed from the cell base before new anodes can be embedded.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide various anode designs and configurations suitable for use with the improved cell bases in diaphragm-type electrolytic cells.
  • an electrolytic cell of the type having a cell base a cell can, anodes and diaphragmcoated cathodes for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions if said cell is characterized in that it comprises:
  • a conducting and supporting cell base means having holes disposed therein for the receipt of anode risers
  • anodes comprising an electrically-conductive surface, a material supporting said conductive surface and an anode riser having a flange on the lower portion thereof and extending past said flange and through the cell base.
  • Such a cell has an extremely low resistance to the passage of current from bus bar to anode, may be assembled and disassembled rapidly and with good dimensional accuracy, may be operated at higher current densities, yields greater cell power, sodium chloride conversion and current efliciencies, allows fabrication of taller cells thereby conserving fioor space and provides a relatively constant voltage over the entire life of the cell, all as opposed to conventional diaphragm-type cells employing graphite anodes.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified end view of a typical diaphragmtype electrolytic cell applying the improved construction and advantages of the present invention with the cell can and cathodes removed for clarity.
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified side view of a portion of a typical diaphragm-type electrolytic cell according to the present invention again with cell can and cathodes not shown.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified view of a method of connecting an anode riser and cell base according to the invention and also shows the direct connection of the connecting conductor to the anode riser used when the cell base is of a less conductive metal and does not serve as both a support and conducting means.
  • FIGS. 4-6 represent anode configurations and designs which may be used according to the practice of the present invention.
  • the cell can consists of an inner and outer wall of electrically conductive material thereby forming a peripheral chamber for the collection of catholyte solution and cathode gas. Welds are used to electrically join the cathode tubes with the cell can on at least one side.
  • the instant invention resides in (l) the cell base means, ('2) the non-conducting sheet covering the cell base and (3) the dimensionally stable anode and riser.
  • the conducting and supporting cell base means may be selected from one of two basic designs. -In the first and preferred embodiment a unit construction will serve both as a supporting and electrical conducting means.
  • the base will be constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of copper and aluminum and will consist merely in a flat unit construction having disposed therein a number of holes through which the anode risers will extend.
  • the outside electrical source (bus bar) will be connected directly to the cell base and current will flow through the base to the anode risers.
  • the cell base means will be constructed of a somewhat less conductive material such as iron or steel which will serve mainly as a support for the cell.
  • This less conductive material will again be in the form of a unit construction having holes disposed therein through which the anode risers will extend.
  • a thin, electrically non-conductive, sheet of material preferably rubber. Titanium, which is generally non-conductive under conditions of cell operation may also be used if means for obtaining a compressible seal, such as O-rings and gaskets, are provided.
  • This non-conductive sheet of material will also have holes disposed therein corresponding to the holes in the cell base for insertion therethrough of the anode risers. Generally, the holes will be slightly larger than the holes in the cell base in order to provide metal (riser) to metal (cell base) contact and afford good dimensional alignment. In the event that titanium constitutes the non-conductive layer, however, the hole need only be of the same dimension as the holes in the base.
  • This non-conductive material is intended to serve as a seal to prevent the leakage of brine around the anode riser into the holes through which the anode risers extend.
  • the non-conductive sheet of material also serves as a gasket to prevent leakage of brine between the cell base and the cell can and insulates the positively charged cell base from the negative cell can.
  • the area which is in contact with the cell can may be provided with a ribbed surface which will act as a gasket to prevent leakage of brine from the cell.
  • a ridge may be provided on the rubber surface which will compress somewhat under the weight of the cell can to provide a seal which is made more effective by the application of a small amount of chemically inert putty around the interior circumference of the cell.
  • the non-conductive sheet is of a more rigid material such as titanium, it will be necessary to provide a gasket of rubber or the like material which will aid in preventing leakage of brine from the cell.
  • Other designs will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • the dimensionally stable anodes which are useful in the practice of the present invention comprise an electrically-conductive surface, a material supporting said electrically-conductive surface and an anode riser in contact with the material which supports the electrically-conductive surface, said riser having a flange on the lower portion thereof and extending below said flange for such a distance as to project through the cell base.
  • the electrically-conductive surface of the dimensionally stable anodes may be composed of any material which has a sulficiently low chlorine overvoltage and which is chemically inert to the electrolyte as well as resistant to the corrosive conditions of the cell.
  • this electricallyconductive surface will be composed of platinum group metals, alloys of platinum group metals, platinum group oxides, mixtures of platinum group oxides and alloys which are mixtures of platinum group metal oxides with platinum group metals.
  • electrically-conductive surfaces which are mixtures of valve metal oxides with platinum group metals and platinum group metal oxides.
  • anode surfaces which are especially preferred at this time include platinum metal, platinum-palladium metal alloy platinum-iridium alloy, platinum oxide, ruthenium oxide, mixtures of platinum and ruthenium oxides, titanium oxide-ruthenium oxide alloys, titanium oxide-iridium-ruthenium oxide alloys, and the like.
  • the invention is not dependent upon the particular nature of the electrically-conductive surface involved, it being only important that it have an appropriately low chlorine over-voltage and good resistance to cell conditions.
  • valve metal it is intended to refer to the film-forming metals such as titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium and the like. This material will preferably be in the form of a continuous sheet of metal but it may be perforated or foraminous in order to provide circulation of the anolyte.
  • These valve metals have in common the property of being non-conductors themselves under the conditions of cell operation (an oxide of the valve metal quickly forms on the surface thereof thus preventing passage of current), but being able to conduct current when an electrically-conductive material is in contact with a portion of the surface thereof.
  • the material which supports the electrically-conductive surface is in contact with, generally by welding, the anode riser.
  • This riser serves to dispose the anode in the proper manner within the cell and to convey electrical current to the anode surface.
  • the riser is preferably constructed, at least on the outer portions thereof, of a valve metal such as titanium or tantalum.
  • a valve metal such as titanium or tantalum.
  • This riser is designed to have a flange on the lower portion thereof which flange serves to contact the non-conductive sheet of material covering the cell base and provide a compressible seal therewith, thereby preventing leakage of the anolyte through the cell base.
  • the riser then has a further extension which allows it to project through the cell base.
  • This extension may be an integral portion of the riser or it may consist, for example, of an electrically-conductive metal stud, such as copper, which stud screws into the bottom of the anode riser and extends therefrom.
  • the extension of the anode riser is fastened at the bottom of the cell base by means of a nut, which nut serves to draw the flange on the anode riser into intimate contact with the sheet of non-conductive material thereby effecting a hydraulic seal.
  • a nut will also be provided which comes in contact with the bottom of the cell base and provides the force for forming the compressible seal, however, the riser will further extend through a connecting conductor and on the bottom of this conductor another nut will be provided for tightening the riser to said conductor and providing electrical contact.
  • FIG. 1 is an end view of a typical cell according to the present invention with the conventional cathodes and cell can removed.
  • the cell base 1 is constructed of a material such as aluminum or copper and hence serves as both the supporting means for the cell and the conductor.
  • the power supply 7 is attached directly to this base, for example, by means of a nut 9 and bolt 11.
  • the nonconductive sheet 3 covers essentially all of the cell base 1 and is constructed of an elastic material such as rubber.
  • the protrusions 5 and 6 on this non-conductive sheet 3 perform separate functions.
  • Protrusion 5 serves as a gasket on which the cell can rest.
  • Protrusion 6 serves as a deflector to prevent brine or water from getting between the non-conductive sheet 3 and the cell base 1.
  • the anode 19 is connected, for example by welding, to the anode riser 13, which riser extends through the non-conductive sheet and cell base and is fastened on the bottom of the cell base by means of a nut 17.
  • the riser is also provided with a flange 15 which upon tightening the nut 17, forms a hydraulic seal with the non-conductive sheet of material 3 thereby preventing leakage of anolyte through the cell base. While it is indicated in FIG. 1 that two anodes extend across the width of the cell, this number is not critical and may be changed as conditions warrant.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial side view along the length of a cell, again with the conventional cathodes and cellcan removed. This figure shows essentially the same features as in FIG. 1, however, there is also indicated on the anode 19 the electrically conductive surface 21, greatly exaggerated for illustration, in fact being on the order of from 1 to 5 microns in thickness.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a cell base and anode assembly similar to that in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the differerence that in this case the cell base 1 is constructed of a less conductive material. Therefore it is necessary to use a series of connecting conductors 23 to supply the current to the individual anodes.
  • the power supply 7 is connected to the conductors 23 by means of nut 9 and bolt 11 and nuts 27 serve to provide contact of the conductors 23 with the extension of the anode riser 13, which in this case is a copper stud 25.
  • the holes in the non-conductive sheet 3 are somewhat larger than the holes in the cell base 1 thereby providing a certain mount of metal to metal contact between the anode riser 13 and the cell base 1.
  • the copper stud 25 is seated in the anode riser 13 by means of threads and provides an eflicient current conducting means without the necessity for intricate machining of the anode riser. This copper stud 25 however, is not required and the riser itself may extend through the cell base 1 to make contact with the current conducting means.
  • a diaphragm-type cell embodying the present invention has a number of advantages as compared to the prior art cells of this type employing only graphite anodes in the complicated and cumbersome base structure previously described. Besides the obvious advantages that will accrue from the simpler construction of the present invention, a number of significant operating advantages are obtained.
  • the present invention does not employ materials which tend to deteriorate upon operation of the cell, such as asphalt or concrete, it will be found that the diaphragms will have a longer useful life since they do not become clogged with particles of material which are released by the corrosive effect of the chlorine gas and anolyte liquor on the materials used in cell construction. For this reason the frequency of diaphragm renewal is greatly diminished.
  • a further and significant advantage of operation according to the present invention is that the purity of both the chlorine and caustic produced in this cell is considerably superior to that of the prior art wvherein graphic anodes were used.
  • chlorine purity in the gases from the prior art cells it was found that carbon dioxide and chlorinated organics were present owing to the decomposition of the anodes, the binders used therein and the organic sealants used in the cell base. According to the practice of the present invention, however, it is found that chlorine purity can be considerably increased, e.g., from 98.5 percent to 99+ percent in a typical operation and that anode efiiciency in general may be improved as much as 1.0 percent, which, in a plant producing 87,500 tons per year of chlorine is equivalent to an additional 875 tons per year of chlorine.
  • dimensionally stable anodes to be used in accordance with the practice of the present invention involve such a number of variables that in general it may be said that essentially all dimensionally stable anodes are operable. While it is stated hereinabove that foraminous or perforated valve metals as well as valve metals in sheet form may be used to support the electrically-conductive surface, it should be remarked that, owing to the fact that upon start-up of the cell small quantities of asbestos will be dispersed in the electrolyte, it is desirable that the sheet form be used whenever possible since this asbestos tends to adhere to the foraminous form and thereby block portions of the electrically-conductive surface. FIGS.
  • FIGS. 4-6 represent preferred embodiments of anode design and configuration according to the practice of the present invention. These figures are illustrative only however and variations in configuration and design which will occur to those skilled in the art are also useful.
  • FIGS. 4-6 represent top views of the anodes 19 which are attached to the risers 13, typically by welding.
  • the anode 19 is formed from a continuous sheet of valve metal which is bent at 33 in the form of a Z which serves to close the anode structure and provides structural support.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the use of two U- shaped valve metal members 31 which extend from the top to the bottom of the anode 19. The members 31 are attached to the anode 19, again by welding.
  • FIG. 6 represents a similar anode employing only one member 31.
  • braces may also be desirable to provide the anodes with braces in order to prevent mechanical distortion of the surfaces of the anode. This may be accomplished in any number of ways, for example, by inserting three pairs of U-shaped braces (not shown) between the two anode faces with the base of the U attached to the anode riser.
  • a cell is constructed having a cell can and cathodes such as described in U.S. Pat. 2,987,463 and containing 22 cathode tubes and two half cathodes.
  • a cell base is constructed from a continuous sheet of aluminum 84.9 inches by 43.0 inches and 1.5 inches thick. Into this cell base there are drilled 46 holes having a diameter of 0.77 inch into which are inserted the 46 anodes which comprise the 23 rows of anodes.
  • These anodes are constructed of platinum-coated titanium sheets mounted on copper-cored titanium risers and have a configuration corresponding to that shown in FIG. 6.
  • the distance from the top of the anode to the cell base is 27.5 inches and the diameter of the riser is 1.25 inches (riser plus flange diameter, 2 inches.
  • a copper stud having a diameter of 0.75 inch and extending through the cell base and 2 inches beyond.
  • the non-conductive material which covers the base consists of a continuous sheet of neoprene rubber having 46 holes therein corresponding to the holes in the cell base but having a diameter of 1.25 inches.
  • the sheet is fitted with ridges, one of which serves as a gasket to receive the cell can, and the other as a deflector to prevent seepage of liquids between the non-conductive sheet and the cell base.
  • the cell is fed with a brine solution containing approximately 320 grams per liter of sodium chloride, having a pH of 3.5 and a temperature of about F.
  • Table I sets forth the performance data on this cell operated at a constant cell load of 40,000 amperes and compares this data with that obtained on a typical conventional diaphragm cell employing graphite anodes and also operated at a cell load of 40,000 amperes.
  • Table II shows the data obtained on the same cells operated at an identical cell voltage of 4.17.
  • An electrolytic cell of the type having a cell base, a cell can, anodes and diaphragm-coated cathodes for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions and characterized in that it comprises:
  • a conducting and supporting cell base means having roles disposed therein for the receipt of anode risers
  • anodes comprising an electrically-conductive surface, a material supporting said conductive surface and an anode riser having a flan-ge on the lower portion thereof and extending past said flange and through the cell base.
  • cell base means comprises a unit construction of a highly conductive metal selected from the group consisting of copper and aluminum and provides both a mechanical supporting means and an electrical conducting means.
  • a cell as in claim 1 wherein the cell base means comprises in combination a mechanically supporting unit construction of a less conductive metal which is iron or steel and a number of connecting conductors of a highly conductive metal to provide current to the individual anodes.
  • An electrolytic cell of the type having a cell base, a cell can, anodes and diaphragm-coated cathodes for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions, and characterized in that:
  • the cell base comprises a unit construction of aluminum having holes disposed therein for the receipt of anode risers
  • a single sheet of rubber covers the entire cell base and has holes disposed therein corresponding to and slightly larger than the holes in the cell base and,
  • the anodes are dimensionally stable anodes which comprise an electrically-conductive surface, a valve metal supporting said surface and an anode riser having a flange on the lower portion thereof, extending past said flange through the holes in the cell base cover and cell base and being in electrical contact with said cell base.
  • An electrolytic cell of the type comprising a cell base,
  • a cell can anodes and diaphragm-coated cathodes for use in the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions and characterized in that it comprises in combination: an iron cell base of unit construction having holes disposed therein for the receipt of anode risers; a single sheet of rubber covering the cell base and having holes disposed therein corresponding to and slightly larger than the holes in the cell base; dimensionally stable anodes comprising an electrically-conductive surface, a valve metal supporting the conductive surface and an anode riser having a flange on the lower portion thereof, the riser extending past said flange through and beyond the cell base and, a series of connecting conductors in electrical contact with the extensions of the anode risers.
US763121A 1968-09-27 1968-09-27 Diaphragm-type electrolytic cells Expired - Lifetime US3591483A (en)

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US76312168A 1968-09-27 1968-09-27
US15731371A 1971-06-28 1971-06-28

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US157313A Expired - Lifetime US3707454A (en) 1968-09-27 1971-06-28 Anode and base assembly for electrolytic cells

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BE (1) BE739420A (de)
CA (1) CA959453A (de)
DE (1) DE1948803B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2019046A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1227506A (de)
LU (1) LU59509A1 (de)
NL (1) NL138772B (de)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719578A (en) * 1969-09-22 1973-03-06 Progil Electrolysis cell with anode support means
JPS4878083A (de) * 1971-12-23 1973-10-19
US3836438A (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-17 Rhone Progil Apparatus for the recovery of leakages of brine in the metallic bottoms of diaphragm cells
US3857773A (en) * 1973-04-05 1974-12-31 Ppg Industries Inc Suppression of crevice corrosion in gasketed titanium crevices by the use of rubber compound gaskets substantially free of calcium
US3928167A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-12-23 Rhone Progil Improvements in methods of producing electrolytic anode assemblies
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3940328A (en) * 1974-04-11 1976-02-24 Electronor Corporation Reconstructed or repaired electrode structure
US3954593A (en) * 1971-08-26 1976-05-04 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Method for attaching anode to electrolytic cell bottom and device therefore
US3963595A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-06-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3963596A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-06-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3979223A (en) * 1971-03-03 1976-09-07 General Electric Company Electrochemical impregnation of electrode for rechargeable cell
US3983026A (en) * 1973-10-19 1976-09-28 Solvay & Cie Electrolytic cells with vertical electrodes
US3984304A (en) * 1974-11-11 1976-10-05 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrode unit
DE2521669A1 (de) * 1975-05-15 1976-12-02 Melnikow Eichenwald Elektrolyseur mit festelektroden
JPS51142484A (en) * 1975-02-26 1976-12-08 Rhone Poulenc Ind Electrolytic cell equipped with diaphragm
JPS51148678A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-12-21 Electronor Corp Electrolytic cell
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4013536A (en) * 1974-02-06 1977-03-22 Solvay & Cie Electrolytic cell
US4028209A (en) * 1971-02-02 1977-06-07 Rhone-Pouleno Electrolysis cell
US4036727A (en) * 1974-11-11 1977-07-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrode unit
US4045322A (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-08-30 Olin Corporation Connection means for anode posts in diaphragm cells
US4051008A (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-09-27 Olin Corporation Flanged connection means for anode posts in electrolytic diaphragm cells
US4070266A (en) * 1973-12-06 1978-01-24 Olin Corporation Connection means for anode posts and conductors to electrolytic cells
US4078986A (en) * 1975-01-30 1978-03-14 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Electrolytic diaphragm cells
JPS55155872U (de) * 1979-08-09 1980-11-10
US4448663A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-05-15 The Dow Chemical Company Double L-shaped electrode for brine electrolysis cell
US4956069A (en) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-11 Hermilo Tamez Salazar Electrolytic membrane cells for the production of alkalis
US5306410A (en) * 1992-12-04 1994-04-26 Farmer Thomas E Method and device for electrically coupling a conductor to the metal surface of an electrolytic cell wall
US20080264779A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-10-30 Giovanni Meneghini Anode for gas evolution reactions

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4045323A (en) * 1976-11-05 1977-08-30 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Anolyte sealing, electrical insulating for electrolytic cells
US4081348A (en) * 1977-06-01 1978-03-28 The B. F. Goodrich Company Electrolytic cell liner and seal device
US4211629A (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-07-08 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Anode and base assembly for electrolytic cells
CA2778865A1 (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-25 Hydro-Quebec Alloys of the type fe3aita(ru) and use thereof as electrode material for the synthesis of sodium chlorate

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719578A (en) * 1969-09-22 1973-03-06 Progil Electrolysis cell with anode support means
US4028209A (en) * 1971-02-02 1977-06-07 Rhone-Pouleno Electrolysis cell
US3979223A (en) * 1971-03-03 1976-09-07 General Electric Company Electrochemical impregnation of electrode for rechargeable cell
US3954593A (en) * 1971-08-26 1976-05-04 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Method for attaching anode to electrolytic cell bottom and device therefore
JPS4878083A (de) * 1971-12-23 1973-10-19
US3891531A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-06-24 Rhone Progil Electrolytic diaphragm cells including current connection means between the cell base and anode
US3928167A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-12-23 Rhone Progil Improvements in methods of producing electrolytic anode assemblies
US3836438A (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-17 Rhone Progil Apparatus for the recovery of leakages of brine in the metallic bottoms of diaphragm cells
US3857773A (en) * 1973-04-05 1974-12-31 Ppg Industries Inc Suppression of crevice corrosion in gasketed titanium crevices by the use of rubber compound gaskets substantially free of calcium
US3983026A (en) * 1973-10-19 1976-09-28 Solvay & Cie Electrolytic cells with vertical electrodes
US4070266A (en) * 1973-12-06 1978-01-24 Olin Corporation Connection means for anode posts and conductors to electrolytic cells
US4013536A (en) * 1974-02-06 1977-03-22 Solvay & Cie Electrolytic cell
US3940328A (en) * 1974-04-11 1976-02-24 Electronor Corporation Reconstructed or repaired electrode structure
US3963595A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-06-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3963596A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-06-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
JPS51148678A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-12-21 Electronor Corp Electrolytic cell
JPS5443993B2 (de) * 1974-07-05 1979-12-22
US3984304A (en) * 1974-11-11 1976-10-05 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrode unit
US4036727A (en) * 1974-11-11 1977-07-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrode unit
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US4956069A (en) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-11 Hermilo Tamez Salazar Electrolytic membrane cells for the production of alkalis
US5306410A (en) * 1992-12-04 1994-04-26 Farmer Thomas E Method and device for electrically coupling a conductor to the metal surface of an electrolytic cell wall
US5403449A (en) * 1992-12-04 1995-04-04 Farmer; Thomas E. Methods and apparatus for electrically coupling electrical conductors with a conductive alloy having a low melting point
US20080264779A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-10-30 Giovanni Meneghini Anode for gas evolution reactions
US7704355B2 (en) 2005-01-27 2010-04-27 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Anode for gas evolution reactions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2019046A1 (de) 1970-06-26
DE1948803B2 (de) 1971-10-21
GB1227506A (de) 1971-04-07
DE1948803A1 (de) 1970-04-02
NL138772B (nl) 1973-05-15
BE739420A (fr) 1970-03-26
LU59509A1 (de) 1970-09-28
CA959453A (en) 1974-12-17
US3707454A (en) 1972-12-26
NL6914670A (de) 1970-04-01

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