US3591248A - Uniform light transmitting, infrared absorbing and reflecting materials and articles - Google Patents

Uniform light transmitting, infrared absorbing and reflecting materials and articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3591248A
US3591248A US866104A US3591248DA US3591248A US 3591248 A US3591248 A US 3591248A US 866104 A US866104 A US 866104A US 3591248D A US3591248D A US 3591248DA US 3591248 A US3591248 A US 3591248A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
arrangement
sheet
radiation
infrared radiation
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US866104A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerard Meunier
Luclen Leger
Jose Lelong
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AGC Glass Europe SA
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Glaverbel Belgium SA
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Priority claimed from LU48240A external-priority patent/LU48240A1/xx
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/027—Thermal properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/06—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/06—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
    • B44F1/066—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings comprising at least two transparent elements, e.g. sheets, layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/10—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels to produce uniformly-coloured transparent products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3615—Coatings of the type glass/metal/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being non-metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3642—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing a metal layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21—Oxides
    • C03C2217/212—TiO2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/25—Metals
    • C03C2217/251—Al, Cu, Mg or noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/25—Metals
    • C03C2217/251—Al, Cu, Mg or noble metals
    • C03C2217/254—Noble metals
    • C03C2217/255—Au

Definitions

  • a light-transmitting article composed of a layer of transparent material having radiant heat-absorbing properties and arranged to be exposed to a principal source of heat radiation, and a protective layer of transparent material disposed adjacent that surface of the first-mentioned layer which is to face the principal source of heat radiation and capable of at least temporarily reflecting at least a portion of the radiant heat from such source which the first-mentioned layer is capable of absorbing so as to protect the article from damage due to excessive heat absorption.
  • the present invention relates to transparent solid materials and to articles incorporating such materials.
  • Another object of the present invention is to at least partially insulate a layer of heat-absorbing material from the source of radiant heat.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a layer of light-transmitting, radiant heat-reflecting material between a layer of light-transmitting, radiant heat-absorbing material and the source of radiant heat.
  • a light-transmitting article for providing protection against radiant heat which article is composed of at least two layers.
  • the first of these layers is made of transparent material and is provided for absorbing radiant heat at least when subjected to the illfilldliu: of .nt energy having a predetermined intensity level.
  • the second layer also of transparent material, is provided for at least temporarily reflecting radiant heat, the second layer disposed between the first layer and the principal so radiant heat to which the first layer is exposed.
  • the second layer of transparent material acts to shield the first layer of material from a substantial portion of the incident thermal radiation.
  • layer employed herein is used broadly to cover both selfsupporting layers or sheets and coating layers applied to other self-supporting sheets.
  • embodiments of the present invention include any article having a first layer of transparent material which has, or which is capable of temporarily acquiring under the action of sufficiently intense radiant energy, radiant heat-absorbing properties, and a second layer of transparent material which has, or which is capable of temporarily acquiring, radiant heat-reflecting properties and which is disposed to shield the first layer from incident thermal radia tion.
  • units produced according to the present invention are primarily intended for affording protection from solar radiation
  • the condition that the first layer, or layer to be protected, have, or be capable of acquiring, radiant heat-absorbing properties is satisfied if, under the action of heat radiation or of intense sunlight, the layer becomes capable of absorbing a significant proportion of the incident thermal radiation.
  • the second layer, or protecting layer In order for the second layer, or protecting layer, to satisfy the condition of having, or of being capable of acquiring radiant heatreflecting properties, it is not necessary that this layer be capable of reflecting all of the incident heat radiation. It is only necessary that this layer be capable of reflecting a significant proportion of the incident radiation, and not just an incidental proportion such as may be reflected by the protected layer itself. It is preferable for the permanent or temporary radiant heat-reflecting properties of the protecting layer to be as good as possible, and in general, this layer should be capable of reflecting at least the major part of the incident solar thermal radiation.
  • the material used for the layers according to the present invention may also be of the type which normally possesses thermal radiation absorbing or reflecting properties to some degree, but which possesses these properties in a greater degree under certain conditions, such as when subjected to strong sunlight or to an electric field, for example.
  • the material or article incorporates a protecting layer at only one side of a layer or layers to be protected then care must be taken when the material or article is used to ensure that the protecting layer is located between the layer or layers to be protected and the source of potentially harmful thermal radiation.
  • the primary intended field of use of the invention is the field of windows comprising a transparent pane or panes or one at least of which is colored and/or bears a phototropic layer which acquires coloration or a deeper coloration than normal when exposed to strong sunlight.
  • a phototropic layer which acquires coloration or a deeper coloration than normal when exposed to strong sunlight.
  • windosvare often used when it is desired to shield the interior of a building from strong sunlight.
  • the advantage of providing a phototropto layer is th the layer can be constituted so as not materially to reduce the transparency of the windowo light when the prevailing daylight is weak.
  • a material or article according to the invention may incorporate one or more light-transmitting sheets of plastic composition, e.g., plastics sold under the trademarks of "Perspex” or “Plexiglas,” acetate or acrylic resins, and vinyl resins, and such sheet or sheets may be rigid or flexible.
  • plastics sold under the trademarks of "Perspex” or “Plexiglas” acetate or acrylic resins, and vinyl resins, and such sheet or sheets may be rigid or flexible.
  • the invention is more particularly concerned with materials and articles comprising sheet glass.
  • the invention has the advantage of permitting a greater freedom of choice as regards the color of the material.
  • the colored material is at least to some extent relieved of its function of affording protection against thermal radiation, the color can in any given case by chosen to be paler or more pleasing.
  • a material By using a radiant heat-reflecting coating layer in association with a light-transmitting sheet having a dominant tint complementary to that of the light transmitted by such layer in daylight, a material can be prepared which has a neutral tint or a tint approaching neutral.
  • a material is of potential value for glazing buildings in which it is desirable for objects to be seen in their natural colors, c.g., for buildings in which textile materials for decorative or clothing purposes are exhibited.
  • FIG. l is a side, cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side, cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partly cutaway, perspective view of the unit shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a side, cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side, cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side, cross-sectional view showing of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side, cross-sectional view showing another further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the unit shown in FIG. I includes a tinted glass sheet 1 coated on one side with a transparent radiant heat-reflecting film 2.
  • the sheet 1 is preferably made of an athermanous soda-lime containing a high proportion of iron oxide to give it a blue-green tint.
  • the glass sheet 1 is a soda-lime glass which has incorporated therein at least one of the following substances as a coloring agent: Fe 0 C00, Nit), MnO, or Se, in order to give to the unit a neutral tint or a tint approaching neutral.
  • any of these coloring agents can be used individually or in combination of two or materials.
  • the use of a single substance will only permit, in general, an imperfect neutral tint to be attained.
  • composition of the layer 2 must be selected to ensure adequate adherence to the surface by which it is carried, and so that it can form a thin film which will not be impaired by exposure under the intended conditions for use.
  • an inherent radiant heat-reflecting film While any substance which has these properties and has the requisite radiant heat-reflecting properties can be used, it is in general preferred to use a metal or metal containing film. Such films generally show good ultraviolet and infrared ray-reflecting properties. Also compounds of various metalloids can be used. Oxide coatings have the advantage that they are in general very resistant to abrasion.
  • a metal which is very appropriate for forming a film on glass is gold.
  • a preferred metal oxide for forming a radiant heat reflecting film is titanium oxide which is easy to deposit and which adheres very well to glass surfaces.
  • a radiant heat-reflecting coating layer a material of which the refractive index is different from, and preferably higher than, that of the material on which the layer is deposited so as to promote good reflection of radiant heat rays at both surfaces of the layer.
  • Titanium dioxide has a high refractive index, appreciably in excess of 2, which is another factor in its favor.
  • This material may be readily deposited on glass sheet I by any one of the known processes, such as by hydrolyzing titanium chloride.
  • the optical thickness of the transparent radiant heat-reflecting film have a value equal to a quarter of one of the wavelengths of the thermal radiation to which the material is to be exposed, or equal to an odd numbered multiple of such a value. This ensures a very strong reflection of rays whose wavelengths are equal or close to such one wavelength, so that the thermal rays will be reflected more strongly than the light rays.
  • the above-mentioned interference phenomena are brought into play by giving the oxide film an optical thickness which is equal to a quarter, or an odd numbered multiple of a quarter, of a selected wavelength in the infrared band.
  • the selected wavelength normally lies between 1 and 1.2 a, which corresponds with a wavelength region in which the solar heat energy is relatively intense.
  • the product which has just been described can be advantageously used for glazing buildings. It is inexpensive and affords a high standard of thermal comfort, as well as effectively protecting the eyes against solar glare.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 there is shown a laminated, multilayer pane one outer layer of which is constituted by a sheet 3 of blue glass whose tint is created by the addition of C00 to glass.
  • the other outer layer of the pane is constituted by a sheet 4 of transparent glass.
  • Between the sheets 3 and 4 are disposed an intervening layer 5 polyvinylbutyral and a silver film 6 which is sufiiciently thin to pass an appreciable portion of the incident light.
  • Such a laminated pane is particularly suitable for use as an inspection window in furnaces and for welders spectacles and helmets.
  • the pane is arranged in use so that the radiation to be reflected and absorbed strikes the film 6 before reaching the sheet 3.
  • the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can also be constructed by omitting the bonding layer 5 and by soldering the sheets together along their edges. If both the sheets 3 and 4 are tinted, the composition of one of the sheets will in general have to be such that it does not absorb thermal radiation to any appreciable extent unless the outer surface of this one sheet is coated with a protecting, heat'reflecting layer. When two sheets are employed, the tint of one of them can be selected, for example, so as to vary the overall tint of the pane in a predetermined manner, or so as to selectively absorb radiation in a predetermined wavelength band.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown another embodiment according to the present invention in the form of a double pane composed of the sheets 7 and 9 separated from each other by a space 13.
  • the sheet 7 is made of gray tinted glass and has its inner surface coated with a thin gold film 8.
  • the edges of the inner surfaces of sheets 7 and 9 have copper bands 11 and 12, respectively, deposited thereon and these copper bands are connected together by a metal strip 10 which is soldered to both bands.
  • the sealed space 13 is preferably filled with a dry gas.
  • Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous for use in homes because it combines the beneficial features of a double pane with the improvements resulting from the present invention.
  • a thin gold layer such as the layer 8 has the property of reflecting thermal radiation more intensely than it does light radiation.
  • the sheet 7 may be given a dominant tint which is complementary to that of the film 8 so that the overall tint imparted to light by the arrangement 7, 8 will be substantially neutral.
  • the sheet 9 may be made of colorless glass, it is also possible to make this sheet of a glass which is slightly tinted to have a tint which is complementary to that of the film 8 or which harmonizes particularly well with the colors of the building facade.
  • the sheet 9 will only be heated to a small degree because its tinting is of such a nature that it will not absorb any substantial amount of thermal radiation.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 can also be constructed to have a colorless glass sheet constituting the sheet 7 and a suitably tinted glass sheet for the sheet 9, with the arrange ment being installed so that sheet 7 is disposed to the outside of the building.
  • the sheet 9 may be given a dominant tint which is complementary to that of the film 8 so that the assembly imparts a neutral tint to the light passing therethrough.
  • the gold film 8 will have a gray-green color when interposed between the viewer and sunlight and a tinted glass sheet 9 having an appropriate complementary dominant tint may be fabricated from a conventional soda-lime glass composition to which 0.0065 percent C has been added.
  • a double-pane unit constructed from these materials has a transmission coefficient of the order of 40 percent for waves having a wavelength between 0.4 and 0.6 and a transmission coefficient of approximately 33 percent for waves having a wavelength between 0.6 and 0.75 p.
  • a dominant tint substantially complementary to that of the gold film can also be produced by fabricating the soda-lime glass to have 0.0065 percent C00 and 0.0133 percent Se.
  • a double pane made of these materials exhibits an almost uniform transmission of light in the visible range, the transmitted light being subjected to a substantially neutral tinting. It is also possible to obtain a good neutral tint by using a colored glass prepared by adding'to a soda-lime mass of ordinary composition a mixture of M0 and C00, or a mixture of Fe,t) and M0, or a mixture of Fe,0, and C00, or a mixture of C00, Fe,0, and M0.
  • FIG. 4 A modification of the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. to include a gray-tinted glass sheet 14 and a spaced glass sheet 15 assembled with the sheet 14 by means of bands 11 and 12 and strip in a manner similar to that for the arrangement of FIG. 4.
  • a film 16 of titanium oxide is deposited on the outer surface 17 of sheet 15, this being the surface which is exposed to the radiation to be absorbed.
  • the sheet may either be tinted or untinted.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 has the advantage that the radiant heat-reflecting film 16 is positioned to protect both of the glass sheets 14 and 15, thus pennitting a wider range of possible tints to be imparted to sheet 15. It should be noted that when a transparent film, such as the film 8 of H6. 4 or the film 16 of FIG. 5, is applied to a colorless glass sheet, it is easier to inspect the film to assure that it has the desired properties than when this film is applied to a tinted sheet.
  • the window panes can be provided with at least one phototropic layer. Such a layer permits the illumination level within the building to be maintained at a substantially constant level despite relatively large fluctuations in the intensity level of the incident sunlight.
  • Such a phototropic layer may be arranged for reducing the light transparency of the material when the incident light intensity is high, this layer being shielded by a radiant heat reflecting layer from thermal radiation which might reduce its efficiency.
  • the phototropic layer can also be arranged to reflect a portion of the incident light and much of the thermal radiation under conditions of high intensity incident light. This layer may be so constituted that its light-transmitting properties are varied automatically under the action, either direct or indirect, of the incident light.
  • a phototropic layer may be composed of a material, which, when exposed to sufficient light or heat,
  • any heating of the colored sheet directly participates in increasing the reflecting property of the phototropic layer.
  • a protecting layer may be in the form of a thin metallic or semiconductive layer whose radiationreflecting property is varied by the application of an electric field.
  • the intensity of this field may itself be controlled by sunlight through the agency of a photoelectric cell, or by a thermostatic cell.
  • a material or article according to the invention may comprise a phototropic substance of which the light transmission varies automatically under the action of variations in the intensity of incident light, so as to afford an illumination level in the interior of a room which is substantially constant, for example.
  • a phototropic substance may be provided for example, between two sheets of glass or plastic material or may be in the form of a thin transparent coating layer or film which is applied to a sheet of glass or other lighttransmitting material (which may be colorless) and whose nature and thickness are chosen in order to preserve a sufficient interior illumination level during periods of feeble sunlight, the phototropic layer functioning to reduce the light transmission during periods of strong sunlight.
  • the transformation of the light-transmitting properties of such a phototropic layer may occur, for example, under the action of variations in the intensity of the incident sunlight or under the action of such heat rays as penetrate to such layer through a protecting radiant heat-reflecting layer.
  • Phototropic layers with variable light transmission coefficients include layers of organic phototropic substances, for example substances which pass reversibly from a sol to a gel state with accompanying change of transparency, or of color, under theaction of heat radiation.
  • organic phototropic substances for example: polyvinyl methyl ether, alkaline earth metal salts of polyacrylic acid, and polymerized polyvinyl partial acetals or cetals having the ether oxygen atoms associated with water or hydrated salts.
  • a material or article according to the invention may equally well comprise a phototropic layer comprising a compound, or compounds, which reversibly dissociates under the action of light, one of the elements of dissociation becoming absorbed reversibly on a support and being subsequently released when the exciting light radiation is reduced or terminated, while the other element restricts the passage of visible light and heat rays.
  • Such compounds are for example light-sensitive halogenides to which are added catalysts such as copper halogenides, cadmium halogenides or nickel halogenides.
  • the sheet 18 is made of an athennanous soda-lime glass containing between 1 and 2 percent Fe0.
  • the film 19 is composed of four successively applied layers constituted by: a first layer 20 of silver having a thickness of A; a second layer 21 of SiO having a thickness of 2 a; a third layer 22 of SnO, having a thickness of 3 p, and containing selenium in such a concentration that the ratio of selenium atoms to tin atoms is 1:100; and a final layer 23 of silver having a thickness of l00 A.
  • the SnO, layer constitutes a layer having a variable reflection coefficient.
  • the reflection coefficient of this layer is caused to vary by varying the potential of an electric field applied across it between the two silver layers, which constitute electrodes, and the voltage between these silver layers is preferably controlled by a photoelectrical cell 24.
  • the SiO layer is provided as an insulating layer which prevents the passage of current through the SnO, layer between the silver layers.
  • the photoelectric cell After the installation of such a pane, the photoelectric cell is placed so as to be exposed to the prevailing sunlight.
  • the voltage across the SnU- layer will assume a value such that the layer will only reflect a small percentage of the visible light and thermal radiation.
  • the athermanous glass sheet can readily absorb the low intensity heat rays without becoming unduly heated, so that there is no risk of breakage of the glass under these conditions.
  • the photoelectric cell when the sunlight is very strong, the photoelectric cell will apply a potential between the silver electrodes whose value is such as to give the S210 layer a high heat-reflecting coefficient. in fact, this layer can be made to reflect all of the incident infrared radiation, together with a small percentage of the visible light.
  • the atherinanous glass sheet can absorb any small residual heat radiation not reflected by the SnO film without becoming unduly heated.
  • the first glass sheet 25 is constituted by a colorless sheet carrying a gold film 265 having a thickness of 150 A and having a high coefficient of reflection with respect to thermal radiation.
  • the thickness of this tilm is such that even in periods of weak sunlight a sufficient level of illumination will be maintained within the building.
  • a sheet 27 of soda-lime glass coated with a 200 A thick transparent layer 233 of a mixture of 50 percent AgCl and 50 percent Agllr is employed.
  • This silver halide layer is in turn coated with a layer 29 of SiO 500 A thick and then with a protective impermeable calcium silicate layer 30.
  • the gold'film on sheet 25 acts to reduce the intensity of the transmitted light.
  • the silver halide phototropic layer remains inactive and practically colorless.
  • the gold film continues to reflect the same proportion of incident light radiation and effectively reflects most of the radiation in the infrared region.
  • the silver chloride and silver bromide decompose and the liberated bromine and chlorine are absorbed reversibly by the SiO layer.
  • the composite pane becomes more opaque and prove: the tra: sion of a greater portion of the visible radiation, as well as the remainder of the heat radiation, while imparting a neutral tint to the transmitted light.
  • the level of illumination in the room is thus maintained substantially constant at a minim. ole level, while the thermal radiation is substantially entirely reflected or absorbed.
  • the present invention provides arrangements in which one layer of material effectively reflects a large portion of the incident thermal radiation, while another layer absorbs the residual thermal radiation passing through the protecting layer.
  • such protecting layer may be a layer which permanently reflects thermal radiation or which only temporarily reflects this radiation under certain conditions.
  • the layer may be of a type associated with means for creating or intensifying an electric field which serves to reduce the transparency of the layer of thermal radiation.
  • the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of sheet materials comprising a single transparent sheet having radiant heat-absorbing properties and coated with one or more transparent protecting layers, or to the' manufacture of laminated sheets comprising two or more transparent sheets bonded together and one or more coating layers applied between the sheets or on the outer surface of one or both of them.
  • the present invention is concerned not only with sheet materials as such, but also with anti cles, such as windows, incorporating a transparent layer which has or which under certain conditions acquires, thermal radiation absorbing properties, and which is protected by a protecting layer which is, or which becomes under certain conditions, radiant heat reflecting.
  • anti cles such as windows
  • a transparent layer which has or which under certain conditions acquires, thermal radiation absorbing properties, and which is protected by a protecting layer which is, or which becomes under certain conditions, radiant heat reflecting.
  • a protecting layer which is, or which becomes under certain conditions, radiant heat reflecting.
  • one sheet or a coating layer thereon being provided to protect the other sheet. or to protect a coating layer thereon, against the thermal radiation.
  • a light-transmitting article for providing protection against infrared radiation emanating from a principal source comprising, in combination:
  • a second layer of transparent material for at least tem' porarily reflecting at least a portion of the infrared radiation from such source which said first layer is capable of absorbing, and at the same time having a nonuniform visible light transmission characteristic said second layer being disposed on that side of said first layer which is to face the principal source of infrared radiation;
  • said first layer comprises a sheet of transparent material and a first transparent coating disposed on said sheet.
  • An arrangement as defined in claim l further comprising an additional sheet of transparent material, and wherein said first layer is constituted by a sheet of transparent material and said second layer is constituted by a coating disposed on one of said sheets.
  • a light-transmitting article for providing protection against infrared radiation emanating from a principal source and permanently having a substantially uniform transmission characteristic over the visible light band comprising, in combination:
  • a first layer constituted by a tinted sheet of transparent material for absorbing infrared radiation from such source at least when subjected to the influence of such radiation having a predetermined intensity level
  • a second layer constituted by a tinted coating of transparent material for at least temporarily reflecting at least a portion of the infrared radiation from such source which said first layer is capable of absorbing, said second layer being disposed on that side of said first layer which is to face the principal source of infrared radiation;
  • tint of said first layer is substantially complementary to that of said second layer.
  • a second layer of transparent material for at least temporarily reflecting at least a portion of the infrared radiation from such source which said first layer is capable of absorbing and at the same time having a nonuniform visible light transmission characteristic said second layer being disposed on that side of said first layer which is to face the principal source of infrared radiation.

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Cited By (19)

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US3885855A (en) * 1971-08-16 1975-05-27 Battelle Memorial Institute Filtering antisolar and heat insulating glass
US3925945A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-12-16 Walter S White Heat exchanger window
US4081934A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-04-04 Ppg Industries, Inc. Seasonably adjustable window
US4082413A (en) * 1974-11-29 1978-04-04 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Selective radiation absorption devices for producing heat energy
US4381333A (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-26 Beggs James M Administrator Of High temperature glass thermal control structure and coating
US4382177A (en) * 1980-09-15 1983-05-03 Heaney James J Substantially transparent insulating anti-condensation structure
US4507547A (en) * 1982-06-01 1985-03-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Heat wave shielding lamination
EP0181963A1 (fr) * 1984-11-23 1986-05-28 Dieter Georg Redel Vitrage multiple
EP0413580A1 (fr) * 1989-08-18 1991-02-20 Pilkington Plc Panneau pour blindage électromagnétique
US5780149A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-07-14 Libbey-Ownes-Ford Co. Glass article having a solar control coating
US5792559A (en) * 1994-07-05 1998-08-11 Ppg Industries, Inc. Composite transparency
US5824401A (en) * 1994-09-28 1998-10-20 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Oil-barrier waterproofing membrance laminate
US5925453A (en) * 1996-03-19 1999-07-20 Lintec Corporation Window film
US20020182389A1 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-12-05 Doebler Martin Heat-absorbing layer system
US6787204B2 (en) * 1999-04-28 2004-09-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Multiple glazed insulating unit, especially for an aircraft window, with electromagnetic armor
US20060196350A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-07 Thierry Bouet Module structure for electrical armour plating
US20090130349A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Guardian Industries Corp. Window for preventing bird collisions
US20110299155A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-12-08 Mccarthy Derrick J Energy reflective device
US20140353283A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2014-12-04 Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Optical screening system

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DE3700076A1 (de) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-14 Flachglas Ag Mehrscheibenisolierglas fuer kuehlraeume oder dergleichen
GB2200224A (en) * 1987-01-15 1988-07-27 Bp Oil Limited Fire or heat-protective light transmitting mask having a tin oxide layer
GB8719258D0 (en) * 1987-08-14 1987-09-23 Pilkington Glass Ltd Glazine units
JPH069850Y2 (ja) * 1987-06-15 1994-03-16 日本板硝子株式会社 車両用窓ガラス
US5113527A (en) * 1989-05-23 1992-05-19 Noel Robertson-Mckenzie Fire and smoke protective hood

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DE716153C (de) * 1939-12-08 1942-01-14 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen Interferenzlichtfilter
GB755189A (en) * 1953-10-08 1956-08-15 Edgar Gretener Reflector
US2887010A (en) * 1957-09-09 1959-05-19 Ruettiger Justin Neutral density filters
US3069301A (en) * 1958-12-12 1962-12-18 Monsanto Chemicals Heat-reflecting laminates
US3078693A (en) * 1959-12-30 1963-02-26 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method and apparatus for producing filmed bent glass sheets
FR1334630A (fr) * 1962-08-21 1963-08-09 Siemens Ag Procédé et dispositif pour la modulation de la lumière, en particulier, des rayons infra-rouges
GB941976A (en) * 1959-06-09 1963-11-20 Eltro Ges Mit Besehranter Haft Infra-red filters
US3192575A (en) * 1962-07-25 1965-07-06 Perkin Elmer Corp Heat insulating window
US3202054A (en) * 1959-10-16 1965-08-24 Corning Glass Works Radiation filter with plural iridized metal oxide films
US3208860A (en) * 1962-07-31 1965-09-28 Corning Glass Works Phototropic material and article made therefrom
US3259016A (en) * 1962-11-28 1966-07-05 Rca Corp Tunable semiconductor optical modulator
US3266370A (en) * 1960-10-20 1966-08-16 Alvin M Marks Electro-thermo-phototropic compositions and apparatus

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DE716153C (de) * 1939-12-08 1942-01-14 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen Interferenzlichtfilter
GB755189A (en) * 1953-10-08 1956-08-15 Edgar Gretener Reflector
US2887010A (en) * 1957-09-09 1959-05-19 Ruettiger Justin Neutral density filters
US3069301A (en) * 1958-12-12 1962-12-18 Monsanto Chemicals Heat-reflecting laminates
GB941976A (en) * 1959-06-09 1963-11-20 Eltro Ges Mit Besehranter Haft Infra-red filters
US3202054A (en) * 1959-10-16 1965-08-24 Corning Glass Works Radiation filter with plural iridized metal oxide films
US3078693A (en) * 1959-12-30 1963-02-26 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method and apparatus for producing filmed bent glass sheets
US3266370A (en) * 1960-10-20 1966-08-16 Alvin M Marks Electro-thermo-phototropic compositions and apparatus
US3192575A (en) * 1962-07-25 1965-07-06 Perkin Elmer Corp Heat insulating window
US3208860A (en) * 1962-07-31 1965-09-28 Corning Glass Works Phototropic material and article made therefrom
FR1334630A (fr) * 1962-08-21 1963-08-09 Siemens Ag Procédé et dispositif pour la modulation de la lumière, en particulier, des rayons infra-rouges
US3259016A (en) * 1962-11-28 1966-07-05 Rca Corp Tunable semiconductor optical modulator

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885855A (en) * 1971-08-16 1975-05-27 Battelle Memorial Institute Filtering antisolar and heat insulating glass
US3925945A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-12-16 Walter S White Heat exchanger window
US4082413A (en) * 1974-11-29 1978-04-04 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Selective radiation absorption devices for producing heat energy
US4081934A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-04-04 Ppg Industries, Inc. Seasonably adjustable window
US4477129A (en) * 1980-09-15 1984-10-16 Anthony's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Display type refrigerator/freezer cabinet
US4382177A (en) * 1980-09-15 1983-05-03 Heaney James J Substantially transparent insulating anti-condensation structure
USRE35120E (en) * 1980-09-15 1995-12-12 Anthony's Manufacturing Company, Inc. Display type refrigerator/freezer cabinet
US4381333A (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-26 Beggs James M Administrator Of High temperature glass thermal control structure and coating
US4507547A (en) * 1982-06-01 1985-03-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Heat wave shielding lamination
EP0181963A1 (fr) * 1984-11-23 1986-05-28 Dieter Georg Redel Vitrage multiple
EP0413580A1 (fr) * 1989-08-18 1991-02-20 Pilkington Plc Panneau pour blindage électromagnétique
US5147694A (en) * 1989-08-18 1992-09-15 Pilkington Plc Electromagnetic shielding panel
US5792559A (en) * 1994-07-05 1998-08-11 Ppg Industries, Inc. Composite transparency
US5824401A (en) * 1994-09-28 1998-10-20 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Oil-barrier waterproofing membrance laminate
US5925453A (en) * 1996-03-19 1999-07-20 Lintec Corporation Window film
US5780149A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-07-14 Libbey-Ownes-Ford Co. Glass article having a solar control coating
US6787204B2 (en) * 1999-04-28 2004-09-07 Saint-Gobain Glass France Multiple glazed insulating unit, especially for an aircraft window, with electromagnetic armor
US20020182389A1 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-12-05 Doebler Martin Heat-absorbing layer system
US6780515B2 (en) * 2001-04-10 2004-08-24 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Heat-absorbing layer system
US20060196350A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-07 Thierry Bouet Module structure for electrical armour plating
US7661350B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2010-02-16 Tda Armenents Sas Module structure for electrical armour plating
US20090130349A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Guardian Industries Corp. Window for preventing bird collisions
US8114488B2 (en) * 2007-11-16 2012-02-14 Guardian Industries Corp. Window for preventing bird collisions
US8389077B2 (en) 2007-11-16 2013-03-05 Guardian Industries Corp. Window for preventing bird collisions
US20110299155A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-12-08 Mccarthy Derrick J Energy reflective device
US20140353283A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2014-12-04 Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Optical screening system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL25049A (en) 1969-07-30
GB1152691A (en) 1969-05-21
AT283627B (de) 1970-08-10
LU49816A1 (fr) 1967-05-11
FI46719B (fr) 1973-02-28
LU49672A1 (fr) 1967-04-21
ES322234A1 (es) 1966-07-16
BE676679A (fr) 1966-07-18
DE1596808A1 (de) 1971-03-25
CH456062A (fr) 1968-05-15
NL6603622A (fr) 1966-09-26
FI46719C (fi) 1973-06-11
AT286522B (de) 1970-12-10

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