US3589289A - Printing members and methods for graphic composition - Google Patents

Printing members and methods for graphic composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3589289A
US3589289A US604027A US3589289DA US3589289A US 3589289 A US3589289 A US 3589289A US 604027 A US604027 A US 604027A US 3589289D A US3589289D A US 3589289DA US 3589289 A US3589289 A US 3589289A
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composing
cells
indicia
printing
elements
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Earl J Gosnell
Robert L Edsberg
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Standard Register Co
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Burroughs Corp
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Assigned to STANDARD REGISTER COMPANY THE reassignment STANDARD REGISTER COMPANY THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BURROUGHS CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE.
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Assigned to THE STANDARD REGISTER COMPANY reassignment THE STANDARD REGISTER COMPANY RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/46—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography characterised by the light-to-heat converting means; characterised by the heat or radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/055—Thermographic processes for producing printing formes, e.g. with a thermal print head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
    • Y10T428/24901—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material including coloring matter

Definitions

  • Separation of the two elements removes the cell-fill material from only those cells which define imaged areas corresponding to the indicia to be reproduced.
  • the empty cells are receptive to filling with an ink, while nonimaged areas of the sheet contain no printing cells, so that the composing member can then be used as a printing master.
  • the pick sheet, carrying a discontinuous, raised image, comprising a multiplicity of uniformly distributed, discrete particles of solid material bonded to the thermoplastic coating, can be employed as a relief printing plate.
  • thermographic materials and methods which overcome many of the disadvantages of priorart methods of office duplication and offer advantages heretofore available only in gravure printing processes and materials. More specific objects are to provide methods for composing intaglio images suitable for use in gravure printing and for producing printing reliefs suitable for use as letterpress printing plates and the like. A further object is to provide such methods which utilize economical materials in convenient process steps. Other objects, features, capabilities and advantages which are comprehended by the invention will be apparent from the description and claims which follow.
  • the present invention includes a composing member comprising a support having a multicellular printing surface formed of uniformly distributed cells opening onto the surface and indicia-composing elements of solid material filling each of the cells, which elements are selectively removable from individual cells.
  • a recording medium termed herein a picksheet
  • carrying the graphic representations to be reproduced is coupled with the composing member and the cellular material is removed from selected cells to define imaged areas in the cellular surface corresponding to indicia to be reproduced.
  • the empty cells are receptive to filling with a gravure ink while nonimaged areas of the cellular surface contain no printing cells, so that the composing member can be used as a printing master.
  • a relief printing member comprising a discontinuous raised image consisting of a multiplicity of spaced, minute protuberances uniformly distributed over the areas defined by the image.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a composing unit showing a pick sheet coupled with a composing member to produce a composed printing plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the printing plate of FIG. 1, showing the emptied cells inked for printing;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sectional view of a printing plate taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2',
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a pick sheet taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 1, showing the discontinuous raised image bonded to the coated side of the pick sheet opposite indicia placed on the recording surface of the sheet;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the raised image carried by the pick sheet shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a pick sheet coupled with a composing member during the process of composing indicia to be reproduced;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the composing member shown in FIG. I after composition has been completed and the two sheets have been separated;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged side elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the Composing Member Apparatus used in the practice of the present invention includes a composing member, which :may be in the form of a sheet, cylinder, plate, belt, or the like, comprising a support having a multicellular printing surface formed of uniformly distributed cells opening onto the surface, and indicia-composing elements formed of solid material which fill each of the cells and which are selectively removable therefrom under the influence of localized treatment initiated by the application of external agents. By removing composing elements only from selected cells, imaged areas which correspond to indicia to be reproduced are formed in the cellular surface.
  • the multicellular printing surface is formed on a moldable support made of a solid nonmetallic material which is not deformable at temperatures used in practicing the invention, such as for example, a synthetic plastic.
  • the material of the cellular surface must be tough, resistant to scratching or marring during processing operations and essentially chemically inert to other substances used in the composing or printing processes of the invention. Also this material should have a low coefficient of friction across its surface to facilitate the movement of a doctor blade thereacross. In addition, it must have a bonding affinity for the solid material filling each of the cells so that selected indicia-composing elements can be removed from the composing member while the remainder will remain firmly secured in the cellular surface during the operation of the invention.
  • a composing unit for use in a thermiographic process which comprises, in combination, a composing member 10 combined with an overlying pick sheet 40 to form an assembly in which the two elements utilized in the composing process are coupled together at a common edge 11.
  • the composing member 10 is shown as a generally rectangular sheet of plastic having a multicellular surface 20 of individual cells each initially filled with a solid material 25.
  • the assembly also includes a pick sheet 40 consisting of an original sheet 42 of paper or the like coated with a coating 45 of polymer-containing, thermoplastic material having a latent specific affinity for the solid material 25 filling the cells of the composing member.
  • thermoplastic material operatively associated with the solid material in the filled cells 20, whereby infrared absorbent indicia 64 placed on the original sheet 42 can be heated preferentially to raise the temperature of the thermoplastic coating 45 to an active state in areas underlying the indicia, so
  • Suitable plastic sheet is made from one or more of the following resins which may be modified with plasticizers or other modifying agents in accordance with conventional plastics technology:
  • acrylic resins i.e. thermoplastic polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile, e.g. polymethylmethacrylate.
  • cellulose resins e.g. ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cel
  • polyolefins e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene and copolymers thereof.
  • polycarbonates which are resins produced by reacting polyphenols such as bisphenol A with phosgene, e.g. Lexan.
  • polystyrene polyformaldehyde resins derived by the polymerization of anhydreous formaldehyde in a hydrocarbon solvent with the aid of an ionic catalyst.
  • the composing member will be made from a synthetic plastic sheet material having a thickness of at least 0.003 inch.
  • polypropylene or cellulose acetate sheet materials having a thickness in the range of about from 0.005 to about 0.040 inch will be employed.
  • plates, cylinders or belts made from thin synthetic plastic sheet material can be prepared by continuous or even automated processes involving compression molding the overall cellular pattern of any predetermined screen size and depth into the plastic film or sheet surface.
  • the multicellular surface 20 contains in the range of from about 10,000 to about 160,000 individual cells per square inch uniformly distributed over the surface. As is more clearly shown in FIG.
  • all of the cells are substantially the same depth and have a depth in the range of about from to 50 microns.
  • Each of the cells are uniformly separated from each other by the cell walls 24 of the composing member with a separation in the range of about 2 to 20 microns.
  • all of the cells will have substantially the same shape and dimensions although it is understood that a pattern of variable-shaped cells can be utilized.
  • the plastic sheet material having a multicellular printing surface is to all intents and purposes a gravure printing member which when all the cells are empty would print as a solid, overall color by virtue of the fact that all of the cells in the printing surface are receptive to filling with ink.
  • all of the cells forming a cellular printing surface on a composing member are filled with indicia-composing elements 25 of solid material which are selectively removable from individual cells under the influence of localized treatment initiated by the application of external agents.
  • the composing elements must adhere to the inner cell wall surfaces under normal conditions of use of the composing member, but can be removed from selected cells under special conditions to create imaged areas in the printing surface consisting of empty cells 26 which are than available for inking.
  • the composing elements 25 are adapted to withstand repeated exposure to a fluid ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade without dislodgment from the cells in which they are contained.
  • any solid material capable of meeting the above requirements can be utilized as a suitable cell-fill material in the fabrication of composing members in accordance with the present invention.
  • the material used to fill the cells is a viscous essentially nonvolatile organic fluid dispersion having a high solids content which can be knife coated over the multicellular surface and which is capable of being hardened after deposition in the cells. It should also be thixotropic so that it can hold a predetermined shape during the preparation of the composing member. it should have a hardening temperature below the distortion point of the material of the cellular surface in which it is to be cast and should maintain a stable viscosity over prolonged storage periods. After hardening the cell-fill material must be tough.
  • Suitable organic materials include meltable resins, fused plastisols, cross-linked thermoset polymers and mixtures of these.
  • the preferred material in accordance with this invention is a fused vinyl plastisol.
  • a plastisol is defined as a paste dispersion of one or more resins in a suitable liquid plasticizer and optionally containing other ingredients such as stabilizers, fillers, wetting agents, gelling agents and the like.
  • Resins employed include polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride, or copolymers of these.
  • Polyethylene possessing an extremely fine (approximately 1 micron) particle size is also suitable.
  • the plasticizer at room temperature is a nonaqueous liquid that does not dissolve the resin. At an elevated temperature the resin undergoes solvation and goes into solid solution in the plasticizer.
  • any equivalent composition which meets the requirements of the present invention is to be ineluded in this definition. Since plastisols become solid solutions at relatively moderate temperatures, fusing can be carried out uniformly by any suitable heating technique by which the temperature and time of fusing can be accurately ascertained and controlled.
  • a preferred primary resin for use in preparing a suitable plastisol is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) having a molecular weight of more than about 10,000, preferably soap free and finely divided having a particle size in the micron and submicron range.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • polyvinyl chloride as used herein is inclusive not only of polyvinyl chloride homopolymers of all types, but also of copolymers of vinyl chloride, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with maleic or fumaric acid esters, copolymers of vinyl chloride with styrene, and copolymers of vinyl chloride with acrylonitrile, as well as mixtures of polyvinyl chloride resins in a major proportion with a minor proportion of other synthetic resins conventionally used to modify vinyl dispersions, such as chlorinated polyethylene, or copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.
  • copolymers of vinyl chloride such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with maleic or fumaric acid est
  • the viscosity and flow characteristics of the plastisol are dependent upon the nature of the particular resin, the plasticizing or solvating efficiency of the plasticizers employed, the plasticizer concentrations, the quantity and type of fillers, and the stabilizer system used. Of all the components mentioned, the plasticizers appear to exert the largest influence on plastisol viscosity and flow behavior. It has now been found that the type and concentration of plasticizers employed can be selected to achieve optimum degrees of viscosity, thixotropy, cohesiveness and infrared radiation reflectance, while at the same time producing a fused plastisol having a specific bonding affinity for a specific thermoplastic material.
  • Plasticizers employed in plastisol formulations should have negligible volatility at the fusion temperature of the plastisol, favorable viscosity so that the other components can be added without affecting adversely the workability of the plastisol, and be a good solvent for the plastisol resin at fusion temperature, yet must provide viscosity stability for considerable periods at room temperature.
  • the primary plasticizing component of the vinyl plastisols preferably consists essentially of a major proportion of a monomeric plasticizer pivoted from the class consisting of simple esters and mixtures thereof capable of solvating vinyl dispersions at a temperature which is less than 160 C., in admixture with a minor but shrinkage-reducing proportion of a polymeric plasticizer.
  • Suitable monomeric plasticizers include citrate esters such as acetyl tributyl citrate; phthalate esters such as dioctyl, butyl benzyl, dibutoxyethyl, and diisodecyl phthalate; phosphate esters such as octyl diphenyl, tris (dichloropropyl), and cresyl diphenyl phosphate; adipate esters such as benzyl octyl adipate; azelate esters such as di-2-ethyl hexyl azelate; sebacate esters such as dibenzyl sebacate; dibenzoate esters such as dipropylene glycol and hydrogenated terphenyl dibenzoate.
  • Suitable polymeric plasticizers include polyesters such as Harflex 340 and epoxidized oils such as Plastolein 9717 and Paraplex G-62.
  • the plastisol will contain from about 45 to about 80 parts by weight of the primary plasticizing component per hundred parts by weight of primary resin, depending upon the particular plasticizer, the particular resin and the particular properties desired in the final product.
  • Stabilizers conventional fillers, thickening agents and surface active agents, if employed, can be used in minor quantities, in accordance with conventional procedures. Where any particular color is desired, pigments having a relatively high refractive index are preferred so as to provide opacity to the material filling the cells. Particles of pigment filler in amounts in the range of from about I to weight percent also assist in providing hardness and cohesiveness after the plastisol has been fused.
  • Stabilizers in amounts up to about 1.5 weight percent can be used to prevent heat deterioration of the plastisol during processing
  • Suitable stabilizers include metal salts of organic acids such as lead carbonate, barium-cadmium laurate and stearate, zinc laurate, zinc stearate, as well as organic tin compounds, epoxies, organic phosphites and chelators.
  • Conventional thickening agents, such as, the colloidal silicas and aluminum silicates are generally employed to provide thixotropy and other necessary rheological characteristics to the composition prior to fusion. Preferably, from about 0.3 to 8 weight percent of thickening agent will be utilized.
  • a suitable surface active agent will be incorporated into the plastisol composition.
  • Such agents promote the particulate dispersion of resin and pigment in the liquid plasticizer phase by destroying the tendency of the small particles to cluster together.
  • These surfactants also help to stabilize viscosity and by lowering the interfacial tension between plasticizer and air bubbles, aid in the removal of entrapped air from the plastisol. Because the surface characteristics of the various primary resins used in plastisol formulations are often quite different, it may be necessary in some instances to experiment with various anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants in order to select the proper agent to obtain the optimum effect.
  • the polyglycol ethers and esters of fatty acids have been found to be generally effective with any of the resins referred to above.
  • the method of formulating the organic material used to fill the cells of the composing member is in accordance with conventional practice. If a vinyl plastisol is utilized, a preferred method involves the use of a shear-type mixer having a cooling jacket to prevent excessive buildup of heat which might cause premature solidification of the plastisol. Generally the resin is added to the mixing apparatus first, after which a quantity of plasticizer is added slowly, with agitation. The filler and other modifying agents are generally disbursed in the remainder of the plasticizer and added to the mixture in that manner. The components are then mixed until the plastisol is homogeneous and a stable emulsion or dispersion formed.
  • the entire amount of plasticizers can be combined with the resin and the additional fillers, stabilizers and the like can then be added as finely divided solids. Deaeration is accomplished in accordance with conventional practice through the application of vacuum on a thin layer of plastisol or on a larger scale by mastication of the mixture on a three-roll paint mill.
  • a semifluid plastisol composition is formulated to achieve optimum degrees of viscosity, thixotropy, cohesiveness and infrared radiation reflectance.
  • the composition is doctored across the cellular surface of the plastic sheet 10 to fill each cell so that its meniscus is convex without coating the surfaces of the surrounding cell walls 24. Thereafter, the plate or cylinder with its plastisol filled cells is subjected to a temperature sufficient to permit fusion of the resin.
  • the required fusion temperature will depend upon the particular components of the plastisol and the mass of material in each cell, but it is generally of the order of about 160 C. or less.
  • Exposure of the plastisol filled cells to the fusion temperature for a sufficient period of time results in plastisol fusion to a solid mass and a slight shrinkage of the plastisol in each cell so that its surface is plane with the surrounding cell wall surfaces.
  • a heating period of from about 1 to 5 minutes will be required depending upon the formulation and thetemperature employed.
  • the apparatus of the present invention also includes a recording medium which conveniently canbe termed a pick sheet.
  • the pick sheet is used with the composing member 10.
  • the recording medium 40 comprises an original sheet 42 having an indicia-receiving surface 44.
  • the back of the sheet carries a coating 45 of polymer-containing thermoplastic material having a latent specific affinity for specific indicia-composing elements 25 and is adapted to bond to the solid material of the composing elements when the thermoplastic material 45 is activated at selected sites under the influence of localized heat treatment.
  • the original sheet 42 can be compose-d of any suitable heat-resistant, near-infrared nonabsorbing material such as for example a synthetic plastic film or a thin, lightweight paper capable of being coated on one side with a film of polymer-containing thermoplastic material.
  • the original sheet 42 shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is a thin sheet of paper of sufficient density to provide heat transfer but having sufficient rigidity or stiffness that it will handle well in a typewriter.
  • a well-calendered ll-pound paper is suitable, this paper being defined as one of which 500 l7 22-inch sheets will weigh 11 pounds.
  • the thickness of the sheet generally will be of the order of 0.002 inch.
  • Carbonizing tissue of the dense type can also be used in a sheet having a thickness of for example about 0.0016 or 0.0017 inch.
  • the polymercontaining thermoplastic material 45 will be coated on one side of the recording medium 40 in a thickness in the range of from about 0.05 to about 2.0 mils and -more preferably in the range of from about 0.1 to 1.0 mils.
  • thermoplastic material is formulated to have a latent specific affinity for the solid material .25 filling the cells of the composing member 10 and is adapted to bond thereto when heated to activated i.e. tacky, temperature.
  • thermoplastic material having an activation temperature above 50 C. will be employed.
  • any polymer-containing thermoplastic material having a specific bonding affinity at its tackifying temperature for the cell-fill material can be employed in accordance with this invention.
  • suitable thermoplastic coating material is polyvinylacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, homo and copolymers of polyvinyl and polyvinylidene chlorides, and ethyl cellulose.
  • thermoplastic resin is cellulose acetate butyrate which is a thermoplastic resin formed by the reaction of purified cellulose with acetic and butyric anhydridcs in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst and glacial acetic acid as solvent.
  • This resin is commercially available in the form of white flakes or granules readily convertible into a plastic film.
  • the ratio of acetic and butyric components can be varied over a wide range to tailor desired physical. properties.
  • a preferred thermoplastic resin which can be htilized in accordance with the present invention is a cellulose acetate butyrate having the following approximate composition:
  • the resinous material of which the thermoplastic coating is formed may be modified with softeners, plasticizers or the like to provide for a softening point within the temperature range of 50 to 200 C. It will be understood that where the conditions for developing higher temperatures are achieved, the softening range of suitable thermoplastic material may be correspondingly broadened or moved upwards.
  • plasticizers, softeners and the like for specific resinous materials can be selected readily by those skilled in the art from the data available in the plastics and resins fields.
  • polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers can be plasticized with dibutyl phthalate,
  • Polyvinylidene chloride may be plasticized to the desired degree with any one of a number of plasticizers or combinations thereof such as polychloro biphenyl, dibenzyl ether, tricresyl phosphate, and the like.
  • Acrylic acid ester polymers such as butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and the like may be plasticized with dibutyl phthalate, dibutoxy ethyl phthalate, chlorinated biphenyl, tricresyl phosphate, and the like. Amounts up to about 30 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the resin, may be successfully used with the above resins to impart the desired results.
  • the polymer-containing thermoplastic material can be coated on a paper or plastic sheet using conventional coating methods.
  • the thermoplastic resin will be applied to the sheet 42 in a solvent solution.
  • Suitable solvents include methylethyl ketone, acetone, methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl alcohols, toluene, xylene, esters such as methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl formates and acetates, and the like, low boiling point chlorinated aliphatic solvents such as methylene chloride, trichloroethylene and the like and low-boiling glycol ethers.
  • the coating will be sufficient to increase the weight of an i 1 pound paper by about i to 5 pounds.
  • a base plate is prepared by etching or molding an overall cellular pattern into sheets of flexible material such as plastic, metal, impregnated paper, fabric, or the like.
  • a plastic base plate was prepared from a l0 mil sheet of nonoriented polypropylene, one surface of which had an overall cellular pattern consisting of 90,000 cells per square inch.
  • a 300- line gravure screen was photographically transferred to a rigid copper photoengraving plate and chemically etched to a depth of 25 microns. Cell walls having a thickness of 28 microns in the film positive were reduced by the etching to approximately microns.
  • the master plate was then used to produce a phenolic resin matrix by compression molding and the matrix in turn similarly was used to produce the molded cellular pattern in the polypropylene sheet.
  • Each of the cells of the multicellular surface was then filled with an indicia-composing element of solid material which is selectably removable from individual cells.
  • the solid material in this example was a fused plastisol especially formulated to impart the desired chemical and physical properties to the finished composing member.
  • the essential constituents of a suitable plastisol formulation are given below:
  • Polyvinyl chloride (Opalon 440) 59.0 50-70 Vinyl toluene copolymer (Pliolite VT) 1. 1 0. 75-3. 0 Vinvl toluene acrylate copolymer (Pliolite VlTAc) 1.1 0. 75-30 Plasticizers:
  • Monomeric octyl dlphenyl phosphate (Santieizer l4l) 25. 5 20-35
  • Polymeric cpoxidized soybean oil (Paraplex G62) 6. 0 0-15
  • Thickening agent colloidal silica 0. 6 0.3-3
  • Filler titanium dioxide 5.
  • the auxiliary resins vinyl toluene copolymer and vinyl toluene acrylate copolymer were mixed with the octyl diphenyl phosphate plasticizer and dissolved at approximately l20 C. After cooling, the polyester resin and the surface active agent were blended into the mixture. Thereafter, the polyvinylchloride resin was added with stirring and finally the titanium dioxide filler and the silica pigment thickening agent were blended into the mixture. The final mixture was ground on a three-roll mill to achieve optimum dispersion and to eliminate entrapped air.
  • the semifluid plastisol composition was then doctored across the cellular surface of the polypropylene sheet to fill each cell so that its meniscus was convex without coating the surfaces of the surrounding cell walls.
  • This can be accomplished by using a beveled, stainless steel doctor blade designed so that the angle between the lower surface and the upper surface of the beveled portion of the blade is approximately 35.
  • the lower surface of the doctor blade should be oriented at an angle of approximately 30 to the cellular surface.
  • the composing member was heated to a temperature in the range of about 300 to 380 F. for about 1 to 5 minutes during which time the resin components were completely solvated and fused.
  • the quantities of plastisol had solidified and shrunk so that each had a substantially flat surface which was level with the surface of the sheet.
  • each quantity of plastisol had good mechanical adherence to the depressed surfaces of the cell in which it was seated.
  • the composing member is converted into a printing plate for transferring an image simply by removing the solid material 25 from selected cells to define imaged areas 15 in the surface 20 corresponding to indicia 64 to be reproduced.
  • image is used herein to designate any form of graphic representations, such as writing, lettering, pictures, designs, etc. Creation of such images by removal of selected indiciacomposing elements can be accomplished in any desired manner so long as the composing elements which are left in place 25 are not disturbed and will continue to adhere to the walls of the cells in which they are contained under normal conditions of use of the composing member as a printing plate.
  • the composing elements which remain in the printing plate will be able to withstand repeated exposure to an ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade without dislodgment from the cell.
  • the composed printing plate can be secured by any suitable means in a flat bed press or curved over the plate cylinder of a rotary press and secured thereto by suitable fastening means.
  • the flexibility of the printing member depends largely upon the material employed as the support.
  • the composing member described above is converted into a printing plate utilizing a recording medium 40 comprising an original sheet 52 coated on one side with a coating 45 of polymer-containing, thermoplastic material, which has a latent specific affinity for the solid material 25 filling the cells of the composing member and is adapted to bond thereto when the thermoplastic material is raised to its activated, i.e., bonding, temperature.
  • a suitable recording medium is fabricated in accordance with the following procedure.
  • a well-calendered, ll-pound paper in which each sheet was approximately 2 mils thick was coated with a solvent solution of the cellulose acetate-butyrate resin previously described.
  • the coating solution was formulated by mixing 25 weight percent of-celluloseacetate-butyrate with 25 weight percent of heptane and 50 weight percent of ethyl acetate. Solutions of the above composition together with from about l'to 30 weight percent (based upon the weight of the thermoplastic resin) of dibutyl phthalate have been successfully employed to produce suitable coatings in accordance with the present invention.
  • the coatings were applied by conventional techniques including reverse roll, knife overroll, or the air knife process.
  • the dried coatings were nonblocking and nontacky at ambient temperatures but exhibited a specific adhesive attraction to the plastisol cell-fill material at elevated temperatures while exhibiting essentially no attraction for the material of the composing member.
  • thermoplastic resin coated recording medium produced according to the method outlined above can then be used to image a suitable composing member in the following manner.
  • the indicia or copy 64 to be reproduced is typed, written or printed on the uncoated side 44 of the recording medium 40 using graphic representations that are infrared absorbent.
  • the ribbon, printing ink or writing material composition must contain a substantial amount of carbon, metallic pigment or other infrared absorbing substance.
  • the printed recording medium, from. which it is desired to produce a master sheet is then placed coated side down over a plastisol-filled gravure plate or cylinder so that the thermoplastic coating 45 of the original sheet is in contact with the plastisol filled cells 20 of the gravure plate or cylinder.
  • the printed surface 44 of the assembled composing unit 60 is then subjected to infrared radiation 62 in the manner exemplified by FIG. 6 of the drawing.
  • Radiant energy capable of the phenomenon of heat generation upon absorption in the materials comprising the representations 64 placed on the recording medium can be derived from the light sources rich in infrared which includes sources producing rays having a wave length in the range of from about 7,500 to 30,000 angstroms. These are above the visible range but below the extreme end of the infrared range. Radiant energy capable of the phenomenon of the type described may be found in the rays of the sun and therefore exists in ordinary daylight. However, they can only be developed in sufficiently high concentration by infrared sources such as a tungsten filament in a glass bulb or quartz tube operating at 3,000--4,000 F. Most advantageously, an infrared source producing radiation in the range of from about 10,000 to 20,000 angstroms will be utilized.
  • the amount of heat developed depends chiefly upon the duration of exposure and the intensity of the usable radiant energy of the infraredemitting source. It also depends upon the depth and character of the material in which it is formed.
  • the two components, the composing member 10 and the recording medium d0 will be held in close contact with each other as for example by the use of pressure, such as can be supplied by the use of a roller and a tightly tensioned, infrared transparent belt or tape.
  • a satisfactory source of radiation and pressure is a conventional thermo-type copier.
  • the composing unit 60 After an exposure time of frohTabout 2 to 10 seconds the composing unit 60 is removed and the two components separated at which time it will be seen that the plastisol component 25 of each composing member cell, which was directly under an infrared-absorbent character 64 on the surface 44 of the recording medium 40, has been removed and is now adhering tightly to the coated side of the recording medium 40.
  • the indicia facing the infrared source have been copied as direct-reading images 15 in the multicellular surface of the composing member 10.
  • the indicia facing the infrared source have been copied in reverse on the coated side of the recording medium in the form of a discontinuous raised image 15' comprising a multiplicity of minute protuberances 46 uniformly distributed over the areas defined by the image.
  • the infrared radiation does not generate heat until it is absorbed by the representations 64 on the indicia receiving surface 44 of the original sheet 42. Therefore, if the infrared radiation is directed onto the original sheet which is in surface contact with the plastisolfilled cells of the composing member 10, the radiation is absorbed by the representations of the original sheet and converted into heat only in the indicia.
  • the heat generated by the absorbed radiation in the indicia penetrates the recording medium to the underlying layer of thermoplastic material 45 which is heated to its bonding temperature in areas corresponding to the indicia areas of the top surface of the recording medium.
  • the cells in the printing surface of the composing member which define the imaged areas to be reproduced are now empty and receptive to filling with a gravure ink while the nonimaged areas of the composing member effectively contain no printing cells.
  • the composed member can then be mounted in a gravure offset press or duplicator or the like designed to flood the cell surface with ink, doctor the surface to remove all excess ink from nonprinting areas, transfer the ink image to a rubber or other transfer roll, and then transfer the ink image to a sheet or web of copy paper.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates diagrammatically, such a printing plate in which the empty cells have been filled with ink 27 in preparation for printing.
  • the recording medium used to remove cell-fill material from selected cells of the composing member can be used directly as a relief printing plate.
  • the printing plate comprises a multiplicity of discrete, indicia-composing elements of preselected shape 46, bonded to the surface of a suitable substrate to define a discontinuous, raised image 15', corresponding to indicia 64 recorded on the record face 44 of the sheet.
  • This sheet alone or carried on a suitable support can be used with a transfer member of the carbon ribbon or carbon paper type to produce direct reading copies of the indicia recorded on the upper surface of the sheet.
  • the relief printing member can be attached to a suitable support and be inked for use as a marking stamp or the like.
  • a polypropylene printing plate produced in the manner described above has been used to produce high-quality copies using a nonvolatile, nondrying ink comprising hexylene glycol containing from about 2 to 10 percent of maleic anhydride rosin condensate resin (Arochem 404 made by Archer- Daniels-Midland Corporation).
  • This resin is water insoluable but because of its high acid number is quite polar. Further it is highly soluble in glycol which is itself water soluble and somewhat hydroscopic.
  • the ink is stable on an applicator felt but will precipitate the resin on absorption of moisture from the paper.
  • relief printing plates 80 of the type described herein can be produced by bonding to the activated areas of the recording medium discrete particles 82 of solid material having essentially the same dimensions, such as for example nonfriable particles having a diameter in the range of from about to 80 microns. Suitable particles are for example, ceramic or glass beads of suitable dimensions which can be applied to the tacky areas of the recording medium.
  • indicia-composing elements having a liquidfilled synthetic resin structure comprising a porous resin base and liquids expressible therefrom under pressure or the use of micro capsules containing ink.
  • suitable printing plates can be prepared utilizing a plastic sheet having a multicellular surface prepared in the manner described above in which only selected cells are filled with solid material and the unfilled cells define imaged areas in the printing surface.
  • Such printing plates can be prepared, for example, by the use of masking techniques in which selected cells are masked so that these will remain empty when the plastisol is doctored across the multicellular surface.
  • a composing member for use in a process for transferring an image of indicia to be reproduced comprising I a support having a multicellular nonmetallic printing surface formed of uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface,
  • each of said cells being filled completely with a composing element of solid material substantially nonabsorbing of near-infrared radiation having a wave length in the range of from 7,500 to 30,000 Angstroms,
  • said composing elements being adapted to withstand repeated exposure to fluid ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade, but being selectively removable intact from individual cells under the influence of localized heat treatment initiated by the application of near-infrared radiation,
  • said composing elements can be removed from selected cells to define imaged areas in said surface corresponding to indicia to be reproduced.
  • the method of making a printing plate for reproducing indicia comprising, providing a support having a multicellular nonmetallic printing surface formed of uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface, each of said cells being filled completely with a composing element of solid material which is capable of withstanding repeated exposure to fluid ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade, but which is selectively removable intact from an individual cell under the influence of localized treatment initiated by the application of external agents, bonding selected composing elements to a layer of thermoplastic material which, when heated to an activated temperature, has a specific adhesive affinity for said elements and removing said bonded composing elements from selected cells to define imaged areas corresponding to indicia to be reproduced, whereby the cells thus emptied are accessible for inking.
  • the method of making a printing plate for reproducing indicia comprising, providing a support having a multicellular nonmetallic printing surface formed of uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface, each of said cells being filled with a composing element of solid material which is capable of withstanding repeated exposure to a fluid ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade, but which is selectively removable from individual cells under the influence of localized treatment initiated by the application of external agents, providing a layer of thermoplastic material which when heated to an activated temperature has a specific affinity for said composing elements, raising selected areas of said layer of thermoplastic material to an activated temperature by localized heat treatment initiated by the application of infrared radiation, bonding composing elements from selected cells to said layer of thermoplastic material, and removing composing elements from said selected cells to define imaged areas corresponding to indicia to be reproduced, whereby the cells thus emptied are accessible for inking.
  • the method of making a relief printing member which comprises, providing a composing member comprising a nonmetallic support having a multicellular composing surface formed of substantially uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface, each of said cells being completely filled with an indicia-composing element of solid material substantially nonabsorbing of near-infrared radiation having a wave length in the range of from 7,500 to 30,000 Angstroms which is selectively removable intact from individual cells, providing a stream of polymer-containing thermoplastic material, and bonding an array of composing elements from selected cells of said composing member to the surface of said stratum to form a discontinuous raised image consisting of a multiplicity of spaced, minute, protuberances uniformly distributed over the areas defined by said image.
  • each of said cells is filled with a solid material having a specific bonding affinity for a thermoplastic material under the influence of localized heat treatment initiated by the application of infrared radiation.
  • a relief printing member which comprises providing a composing member comprising a support having a multicellular composing surface formed of substantially uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface,
  • said printing face having thereon a coating of polymereontaining thermoplastic material which is solid below 40C.
  • said recording medium comprises a web, one face of which is coated with a film-forming thermoplastic material.
  • said recording medium comprises an original sheet of thin, lightweight paper.
  • said recording medium comprises a heat-transmitting synthetic polymeric film.
  • thermographic process comprising, in combination,
  • a support having a multicellular printing surface formed of uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface
  • each of said elements being adapted to withstand repeated exposure to a fluid ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade without dislodgment from said cells, but each being selectively removable intact from individual cells under the influence of localized treatment,
  • thermoplastic material having a latent specific affinity for the solid material filling said cells said support and said original sheet being assembled with said coating of thermoplastic material operatively associated' with said indicia-composing elements in said cells
  • infrared-absorbent indicia placed on said original sheet can be heated preferentially to raise the temperature of the thermoplastic material to an active state in areas directly underlying said indicia, so that, upon separation of the original sheet from the multicellular surface, composing elements from cells defining imaged areas corresponding to the indicia to be reproduced are selectively removed from the multicellular surface and are bonded to the coating on said original sheet which is thereby adapted to function as a relief printing member and whereby said support is thereby adapted to function as an intaglio printing member.
  • the composing unit of claim 12, wherein the solid material of said composing elements is a composition having a specified bonding affinity for a heat-softened thermoplastic material.
  • the composing unit of claim 12, wherein the solid material of said composing elements is a fused plastisol.
  • thermoset polymer 16. The composing unit of claim 12, wherein the solid material of said composing elements is a cross-linked thermoset polymer.
  • said multicellular surface contains in the range of from 10,000 to 160,000 individual cells per square inch substantially uniformly distributed over said surface, all said cells being of substantially the same depth and having a depth in the range of from about 10 to 50 microns, and wherein said cells are substantially uniformly separated from each other by the cell walls of the composing member with a separation in the range of from about 2 to 20 microns.
  • thermoplastic material has an activation temperature above 50 C.
  • a composing member comprising a support including a cellular printing surface formed of a multiplicity of uniformly distributed cells opening onto said surface, each of said cells being filled with an indicia-composing element of solid near-infrared-transmitting material which is capable of withstanding repeated exposure to a fluid ink and the wiping action of a doctor blade, but which is selectively removable intact from individual cells under the influence of localized treatment,
  • said coating being adapted to bond, in areas underlying indicia placed upon said receiving surface, to the exposed surface of indicia composing elements filling the cells of the composing member, when the coated surface of the original sheet is placed in contact with the cellular printing surface of the composing member under the influence of localized heat and pressure,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
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US3909256A (en) * 1973-12-26 1975-09-30 Xerox Corp Electrostatographic process for preparing screen printing member
US3948655A (en) * 1973-12-26 1976-04-06 Xerox Corporation Electrostatographic process for preparing gravure printing member
US4379185A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-04-05 American Biltrite, Inc. Method for manufacture of inlaid vinyl-flooring
US4496414A (en) * 1981-02-13 1985-01-29 American Biltrite, Inc. Method of forming a backing material
US4982345A (en) * 1989-01-23 1991-01-01 International Business Machines Corporation Interactive computer graphics display system processing method for identifying an operator selected displayed object
US5370052A (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-12-06 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Method of controlling the quantity of printing ink and reconditioning used anilox rollers
EP0730953A2 (de) * 1995-02-07 1996-09-11 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung für den Tiefdruck
US6234079B1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2001-05-22 Roberto Igal Chertkow Reusable digital printing plate
US6632584B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2003-10-14 Creo, Inc. Laser-imageable printing members and methods for wet lithographic printing
US6631676B2 (en) 1995-02-07 2003-10-14 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Process and apparatus for gravure
US20070199460A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 Cyman Theodore F Jr Systems and methods for high speed variable printing
US20070264457A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2007-11-15 Kimoto Co., Ltd. Material for Decoration
US20080022870A1 (en) * 2006-07-08 2008-01-31 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Flexo printing screen roller and flexography
US20080036119A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-14 Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. Molding material, molded part, and method for manufacturing them
US20090056578A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2009-03-05 De Joseph Anthony B Apparatus and methods for controlling application of a substance to a substrate
US20090056577A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-03-05 Hook Kevin J Compositions compatible with jet printing and methods therefor
US20110132213A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2011-06-09 Dejoseph Anthony B Apparatus and Methods for Controlling Application of a Substance to a Substrate
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same
US8733248B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-05-27 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Method and apparatus for transferring a principal substance and printing system
US9463643B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2016-10-11 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Apparatus and methods for controlling application of a substance to a substrate
US9701120B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2017-07-11 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Compositions compatible with jet printing and methods therefor
CN108081534A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2018-05-29 东莞万德电子制品有限公司 塑胶材料3d打印工艺及其成品

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948655A (en) * 1973-12-26 1976-04-06 Xerox Corporation Electrostatographic process for preparing gravure printing member
US3909256A (en) * 1973-12-26 1975-09-30 Xerox Corp Electrostatographic process for preparing screen printing member
US4379185A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-04-05 American Biltrite, Inc. Method for manufacture of inlaid vinyl-flooring
US4496414A (en) * 1981-02-13 1985-01-29 American Biltrite, Inc. Method of forming a backing material
US4982345A (en) * 1989-01-23 1991-01-01 International Business Machines Corporation Interactive computer graphics display system processing method for identifying an operator selected displayed object
US5370052A (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-12-06 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Method of controlling the quantity of printing ink and reconditioning used anilox rollers
EP0730953A2 (de) * 1995-02-07 1996-09-11 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung für den Tiefdruck
EP0730953A3 (de) * 1995-02-07 1997-05-21 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren und Vorrichtung für den Tiefdruck
US6631676B2 (en) 1995-02-07 2003-10-14 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Process and apparatus for gravure
US6234079B1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2001-05-22 Roberto Igal Chertkow Reusable digital printing plate
US6632584B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2003-10-14 Creo, Inc. Laser-imageable printing members and methods for wet lithographic printing
US20070264457A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2007-11-15 Kimoto Co., Ltd. Material for Decoration
US20110132213A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2011-06-09 Dejoseph Anthony B Apparatus and Methods for Controlling Application of a Substance to a Substrate
US8833257B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-09-16 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Systems and methods for high speed variable printing
US20070199462A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 Cyman Theodore F Jr Systems and methods for high speed variable printing
US10022965B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2018-07-17 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Method of operating a printing device and an image generation kit
US9505253B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2016-11-29 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Method and apparatus for transferring a principal substance and printing system
US9463643B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2016-10-11 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Apparatus and methods for controlling application of a substance to a substrate
US9114654B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2015-08-25 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Systems and methods for high speed variable printing
US8967044B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2015-03-03 R.R. Donnelley & Sons, Inc. Apparatus for applying gating agents to a substrate and image generation kit
US20070199460A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 Cyman Theodore F Jr Systems and methods for high speed variable printing
US8899151B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-12-02 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Methods of producing and distributing printed product
US8887634B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-11-18 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Methods for printing a printed output of a press and variable printing
US8402891B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2013-03-26 Moore Wallace North America, Inc. Methods for printing a print medium, on a web, or a printed sheet output
US8887633B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-11-18 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Method of producing a printed sheet output or a printed web of a printing press
US8881651B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-11-11 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Printing system, production system and method, and production apparatus
US8733248B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2014-05-27 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Method and apparatus for transferring a principal substance and printing system
US20070199457A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 Cyman Theodore F Jr Systems and methods for high speed variable printing
US20080022870A1 (en) * 2006-07-08 2008-01-31 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Flexo printing screen roller and flexography
US20080036119A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-14 Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. Molding material, molded part, and method for manufacturing them
US7803298B2 (en) * 2006-08-14 2010-09-28 Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. Molding material, molded part, and method for manufacturing them
US20090056578A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2009-03-05 De Joseph Anthony B Apparatus and methods for controlling application of a substance to a substrate
US8869698B2 (en) * 2007-02-21 2014-10-28 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Method and apparatus for transferring a principal substance
US8434860B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2013-05-07 Moore Wallace North America, Inc. Method for jet printing using nanoparticle-based compositions
US8328349B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2012-12-11 Moore Wallace North America, Inc. Compositions compatible with jet printing and methods therefor
US8894198B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2014-11-25 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Compositions compatible with jet printing and methods therefor
US20090056577A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-03-05 Hook Kevin J Compositions compatible with jet printing and methods therefor
US9701120B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2017-07-11 R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company Compositions compatible with jet printing and methods therefor
US8496326B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2013-07-30 Moore Wallace North America, Inc. Apparatus and methods for controlling application of a substance to a substrate
US20120137907A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2012-06-07 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Intaglio printing plate including supplementary pattern and method for fabricating the same
CN108081534A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2018-05-29 东莞万德电子制品有限公司 塑胶材料3d打印工艺及其成品

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1671501A1 (de) 1971-10-28
CH517598A (de) 1972-01-15
GB1226539A (de) 1971-03-31
FR1548997A (de) 1968-12-06
BE716742A (de) 1968-12-02
DE1671501B2 (de) 1976-04-29

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