US3587221A - Variable denier yarn - Google Patents

Variable denier yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3587221A
US3587221A US799796A US3587221DA US3587221A US 3587221 A US3587221 A US 3587221A US 799796 A US799796 A US 799796A US 3587221D A US3587221D A US 3587221DA US 3587221 A US3587221 A US 3587221A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
yarns
stretching
zones
percent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US799796A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel Buzano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rhodiaceta SA
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Rhodiaceta SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
    • Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]

Definitions

  • Textile articles comprise yarns of a synthetic thennoplastic material, especially polyethylene terephthalate, in which the individual filaments comprise zones of at least three different thicknesses, the thickest having the lowest crystallinity and orientation and vice versa; the filaments also have a nonspiral three-dimensional crimp, and they, and the yarns comprising them, have a high apparent volume.
  • the yarn is made by only partially stretching the initial yarn in at least two stages, during at least one of which the yarn is in contact with a crack or fillure promoting agent, and subsequently giving the yarn, before or after it is made up, a heat treatment while it is in a relaxed state.
  • This invention relates to new textile articles comprising textured yarns of high apparent volume having a three-dimensional nonspiral crimp, and a high dimensional stability and to a process and a devicefor the manufacture of such yarns.
  • the nonspirally crimped yarns have crimps of various configurations and are generally much less elastic, which is usually not undesirable. They are obtained by various processes using mechanical, pneumatic or mechanical-pneumatic devices. These processes suffer from the disadvantage of a relatively limited production speed as a result of the fact that moving elements are used.
  • polyamide yarns can be cold-drawn more easily when moistened with water or with a hydroxylic nonsolvent such as lower aliphatic alcohol, a glycol or a hydroxy-ester.
  • All these methods either produce a product such as a slub yarn which cannot pretend to replace a textured yarn, or pro vide a textured yarn but using, at some stage, another conventional process for obtaining a textured yarn such as asymmetric cooling of the yarn during spinning, which is an operation ters of the fine and thick zones respectively and also of intermediate crystallinity and molecular orientation, the filaments furthermore possessing transverse grooves of attenuated relief at least in the thickest zones, and a nonspiral three-dimensional crimp and a high apparent volume.
  • textile articles can be made of any synthetic thermoplastic material, they are preferably made of a polyester e.g. polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the thick parts are unoriented and relatively crystalline, their crystallinity index being preferably less than 30 percent and their angle of molecular orientation 1) about
  • the thin parts are relatively crystalline and well oriented, having a crystallinity index which is preferably above 20 percent and advantageously between 30 and 60 percent and an angle of molecular orientation which is less than 40".
  • the yarns of the invention show crystal-- lization and molecular orientation phenomena which are irreversible in character, as is shown by the breakage of the yarn during additional stretching.
  • the new yarns also have good dyeing afiinity.
  • the overall crystallinity index value is determined by the method of W. O. Statton [Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 7, pages 803-( l963)], the values for the angle of orientation by the method of W. A. Sisson [Journal of Textile Research, vol. 7, page 425-(l937)].
  • the values of the crystallinity indices and of the angles of orientation for the various zones are determined, taking into account the crystallinity indices and overall orientation of the yarn, the proportions by volume of the various zones, the appearance of the X- ray crystallograms, comparisons of fluorescence after dyeing of the various zones of one and the same yarn or of several yarns, and the morphology of these zones.
  • the invention also consists in a process for the manufacture of a textured continuous multifilament yarn of a synthetic thermoplastic material such as a polyester, by partial stretching of such a yarn in at least two stages, of which at least one is carried out while it is in contact with a crack or fillure promoting agent, followed by a heat treatment in the relaxed state.
  • a synthetic thermoplastic material such as a polyester
  • the degree of stretching in the first stage is greater than that in the second.
  • the degree of stretching in the first stage is advantageously between 2 and 3, that of the second stage then advantageously being betwee L1 and 2.
  • the second stretching stage can be a cold stretching or a hot stretching.
  • the crack or fillure promoting agent can of any known type, such as an alcohol, a glycol, dimethylformamide, kerosene, perchlorethylene, a polyoxyethylenic liquid of the Carbowax type, or pyridine. Such compounds are described in the literature. Preferably relatively cheap agents such as the lower alcohols are employed.
  • the heat treatment in the relaxed state can be carried out continuously with the stretching, or as an independent operation on the yarn or on a fabric, e.g. a woven fabric made therefrom, and may for example be combined with a dyeing treatment or a postsetting treatment of the woven fabric. This treatment can be carried out in one or more stages.
  • the agent used may for example be steam, hot air, or a hot liquid bath.
  • the invention consists also in a device for carrying out the above process, comprising in sequence yam-feeding means, means for stretching the yarn in a bath containing crack or surface fillure promoting agent, means of stretching the yarn outside said bath, and winding-up means. It can moreover also comprise a heating means, such as a plate, heating box or the like, adapted to heat the yarn for the second stretching.
  • the device can also comprise means for the continuous heat treatment of the yarn in the relaxed state and/or dyeing means.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a generalized device for carryingout the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a yarn of the invention.
  • a bobbin 2 mounted on a creel 1 supplied a yarn 3 which is drawn off by feed rollers 4 and 5, after passing through a wire loop 6.
  • the yarn 3 is brought into contact with a crack or fillure promoting agent in a vat 7 and is stretched for the first time between the system of feed rollers 4 and 5 and a first set of stretching rollers 8 and 9 adapted to run at a higher peripheral speed than the feed rollers.
  • the yarn is thereafter stretched a second time between this first set of stretching rollers 8 and 9 and a second set of stretching rollers 10, 11 adapted to run at a yet higher peripheral speed.
  • the yarn subsequently passes through a wire loop 12 and is collected by the wind-up system consisting of a spindle 15 with ring and cursor.
  • a heating plate 13 is arranged between the bath 7 and the first set of stretching rollers 8, 9.
  • the yarn 3 passes through a heating box 14 situated downstream from the second set of stretching rollers 10, 11 and upstream from a set of relaxing rollers 16 and 17 adapted to run at a lower peripheral speed than the rollers 10, 11.
  • the polyethylene terephthalate used has an intrinsic viscosity in o-chlorophenol of the usual value for textile yarns of this material, namely about 0.65.
  • EXAMPLE I A 30filament polyethylene terephthalate yarn of filament denier 17.5 is treated on the above device (without the element for heat treatment in the relaxed state) using as crack or fillure promoting agent in the bath 25 percent aqueous ethanolat a temperature of 35 C.
  • the yarn is subsequently heat treated in the relaxed state in the following manner. It is dipped into water at 40 C., and the temperature of this water is then gradually raised to 100 C. and the yarn is kept at this temperature for 5 minutes. The yarn is thereafter dried under tension with free access of air, and is then treated in an oven at 180C. for 5 minutes.
  • the bulk is as determined by the Koningh test.
  • the crimp effect is determined by measuring a length 1 of the yarn under a load of 0.05 g.p.d., and then leaving the yarn for 24 hours under a load of 0.001 g.p.d., and measuring the new length 1,.
  • the crimp effect is given by the ratio
  • the shrinkage in boiling water is determined in the following manner: a length L (measured under a load of 0.05 g.p.d.) of the yarn is dipped into boiling water for two minutes, dried in an oven of 100 C. for 30 minutes, and suspended and left for minutes; the load of 0.05 g.p.d.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A 30 filament polyethylene terephthalate yarn of filament denier I8 is stretched first by a factor 0f2.1 in a vat containing 25 percent aqueous ethanol at 40 C., and continuously therewith is given a second stretch by a factor of 1.2 and is then heat-treated in the relaxed state in a stream box at 115 C.
  • the grooves are particularly well marked on the thick parts but it should be noted that their shape is very clearly attenuated compared to that observed on stretched yarns which have not been heat-treated in the relaxed state.
  • the orientation of the thin parts is good, the angle of orientation being 30, whilst the thick parts are completely unoriented, the angle p being about
  • the intermediate parts have a rather low orientation, the angle of molecular orientation being between 30 and 90.
  • the yarn is noteworthy for its crimp which gives it the properties of textured yarns, its dimensional stability and its dyeing affinity.
  • a woven fabric produced from the yarns obtained according to Example 3 and also from standard polyethylene terephthalate yarns of the same denier was dyed with a dyestuff consisting of a mixture of the following by weight:
  • the bath furthermore contains 1 cm./litre of oxethylated castor oil as a dispersing agent and 1 cmP/litre of acetic acid.
  • the dyeing is carried out in a vat with immersion at 40 C., and a progressive increase in temperature at the rate of 1 degree per minute up to 98 C., at which temperature the bath is kept for 90 minutes, followed by cooling and rinsing.
  • the yarn of the invention assumes the color perfectly whilst the standard yarn is hardly stained.
  • the yarns of the invention may be used by themselves or in mixtures, in the form of yarns of continuous lengths or of cut fibers, in the majority of textile applications, and can in particular be converted into woven or knitted fabrics.
  • each filament comprises at least three types of zones of different mean diameter, the finest zones having the highest crystallinity and the greatest molecular orientation, the thickest zones having the lowest crystallinity and the least molecular orientation, and the intermediate zones being of a diameter between the extreme diameters of the finest and thickest zones and'having a crystallinity and molecular orientation between those of the finest and thickest zones, the filaments furthermore possessing transverse grooves of attenuated relief at least in the thickest zones, having a nonspiral three-dimensional crimp and a high apparent volume.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
US799796A 1968-02-19 1969-02-17 Variable denier yarn Expired - Lifetime US3587221A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR140388 1968-02-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3587221A true US3587221A (en) 1971-06-28

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ID=8646177

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US799796A Expired - Lifetime US3587221A (en) 1968-02-19 1969-02-17 Variable denier yarn

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3587221A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR6906304D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1908278A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES363814A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1583697A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1238448A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683610A (en) * 1968-03-18 1972-08-15 Rhodiaceta Fancy yarn, and process and device for producing it
US3930106A (en) * 1972-10-16 1975-12-30 Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind Animal hair-like synthetic fiber
US3958406A (en) * 1970-12-01 1976-05-25 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Yarn having a basis of polyester with irregular titer
US3983684A (en) * 1972-01-28 1976-10-05 Chavanoz S.A. Textured thread and process for obtaining the same
US4059950A (en) * 1975-12-11 1977-11-29 Toray Industries, Inc. Multifilament yarn having novel configuration and a method for producing the same
US4330591A (en) * 1978-12-21 1982-05-18 Fiber Industries, Inc. Wool-like yarn with moisture transport
US4349604A (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-09-14 Fiber Industries, Inc. Continuous filament yarn with wool-like hand
US8881635B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2014-11-11 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture
US11116498B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2021-09-14 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3584960D1 (de) * 1984-12-24 1992-01-30 Teijin Ltd Garn aus polyester und daraus hergestelltes gewebe.
DE19641906A1 (de) * 1996-10-22 1998-04-23 Zinser Textilmaschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Effektgarnes aus einem endlosen, synthetischen Filamentgarn

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3683610A (en) * 1968-03-18 1972-08-15 Rhodiaceta Fancy yarn, and process and device for producing it
US3772747A (en) * 1968-03-18 1973-11-20 Rhodiaceta Process for producing textured yarn
USRE28406E (en) * 1968-03-18 1975-05-06 Rhodiaceta Process for producing textured yarn
US3958406A (en) * 1970-12-01 1976-05-25 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile Yarn having a basis of polyester with irregular titer
US3983684A (en) * 1972-01-28 1976-10-05 Chavanoz S.A. Textured thread and process for obtaining the same
US3930106A (en) * 1972-10-16 1975-12-30 Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind Animal hair-like synthetic fiber
US4059950A (en) * 1975-12-11 1977-11-29 Toray Industries, Inc. Multifilament yarn having novel configuration and a method for producing the same
US4349604A (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-09-14 Fiber Industries, Inc. Continuous filament yarn with wool-like hand
US4330591A (en) * 1978-12-21 1982-05-18 Fiber Industries, Inc. Wool-like yarn with moisture transport
US8881635B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2014-11-11 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture
US11116498B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2021-09-14 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture
US11712241B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2023-08-01 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture
US11806006B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2023-11-07 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture
US11849938B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2023-12-26 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture
US12279766B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2025-04-22 Syntorr Inc. Variable denier yarn and suture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1583697A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-28
ES363814A1 (es) 1970-12-16
DE1908278A1 (de) 1969-09-11
BR6906304D0 (pt) 1973-01-11
GB1238448A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-07

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