US3586898A - Aluminum chloride discharge lamp - Google Patents

Aluminum chloride discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3586898A
US3586898A US825661A US3586898DA US3586898A US 3586898 A US3586898 A US 3586898A US 825661 A US825661 A US 825661A US 3586898D A US3586898D A US 3586898DA US 3586898 A US3586898 A US 3586898A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
aluminum
filling
envelope
iodide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US825661A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dimitrios M Speros
William E Smyser
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
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Publication of US3586898A publication Critical patent/US3586898A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component

Definitions

  • the filling also preferably contains aluminum tri-iodide, mercury for a buffer gas, and an inert gas to facilitate starting.
  • the invention relates to a high intensity discharge lamp containing a filling of aluminum trichloride.
  • the high pressure mercury vapor lamp has in recent years been improved in color rendition and light output by the addition of certain metal iodides to the basic filling of mercury and a rare gas.
  • the addition of, for instance, NaI, Tll and [M has been the most favored and the most widely used.
  • NaI, Tll and [M has been the most favored and the most widely used.
  • the presence of Nal assures a very substantial increase in efficiency and the combination of metals, by their resonance lines, complete the mercury radiation in the blue, green and yellow range of the spectrum. Notwithstanding, the color rendition, consisting essentially of lines superimposed on a weak continuum, though much improved is not equivalent to natural daylight.
  • a quartz or vitreous silica envelope, tungsten electrodes and a filling of argon, mercury and Alcl it is found that the silica envelope reacts and devitrifies rapidly and the tungsten electrodes are destroyed in as little as minutes. Even during its operative period, the lamp is unstable due to the rapidly changing electrode configuration as tungsten is transported from cooler to hotter regions of the electrode.
  • the instability is aggravated by the introduction of impurities such as SiCl resulting from the reaction between AlCl and Si0, into the arc, changes in light transmission due to early devitrification of the silica envelope, and changes in vapor pressure of components due to alteration of the thermal configuration within the lamp.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved aluminum chloride lamp which is long lived, stable in character, and which overcomes the above-described shortcomings.
  • M is the total concentration of the metal and Cl is the total concentration of chlorine.
  • excess metal suitably aluminum, may be placed in the lamp.
  • some iodide of the metal namely All may be added to the lamp filling and this further reduces the attack upon the electrodes. 7
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an aluminum chloride lamp in an alumina ceramic arc tube embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the spectral output of an aluminum chloride are.
  • the first line in the table gives the equilibrium pressure of tungsten chlorides that will form in the presence of 10 torr or 1 micron of C1 in the absence of Al or other getter metal.
  • the reaction considered in this case is:
  • aluminum trichloride may dissociate directly and release chlorine according to the following reaction:
  • AlC1 AlC1+2Cl VI The aluminum being present in excess tends to combine with any chlorine so released and thus reduces the extent of attack on the tungsten electrodes.
  • the reverse of reaction lll above occurs and the excess aluminum metal may often be seen depositing in dendritic crystals or dark film.
  • reaction ll Chlorine liberated from AlCl by oxygen containing trace impurities (reaction ll) may attack the tungsten electrodes before it can diffuse to the excess aluminum and be gettered by it. However if there is aluminum triiodide in the lamp filling, the following reaction may take place:
  • the rate of attack of iodine on tungsten is much less than that of chlorine.
  • the iodine eventually diffuses to the excess pool of aluminum to regenerate the aluminum tri-iodide.
  • the composition of the lamp atmosphere should remain constant with only some of the excess aluminum being consumed in gettering oxygen containing trace impurities.
  • the presence of the iodide may enhance such regenerative transport cycles as may occur and thereby help to keep the lamp walls clean of tungsten deposits.
  • a lamp arc tube 1 embodying the invention is shown in FIG. 1 of the drawing and comprises an envelope 2 of ceramic tubing consisting of sintered high density polycrystalline alumina. This material tends to be translucent rather than clear like quartz but has exceedingly high light transmittance so that it is quite adaptable to lamp purposes. A central portion of the tube has been cut out to shorten the figure, and the internal construction can be seen in the sectioned portion.
  • the arc tube is about 65 millimeters long and 7 millimeters in internal diameter, the gap between electrodes being about 40 millimeters.
  • a niobium tube 5 penetrates into the thimble and is used as an exhaust tube during manufacture after which it is closed off.
  • a thermionic electrode 6 is mounted in each end of the arc tube and is supported through the niobium tube 5 from the end cap 3. As illustrated, the electrode 6 comprises an inner tungsten wire coil wound around a rodlike tungsten shank and an outer tungsten coil wound around the inner coil, the tungsten shank being seized in the niobium tube 5.
  • the filling of the arc tube consists of AlCl aluminum, mercury, argon and optionally All ln the illustrated lamp, quantities are 1 mg. AlCl 0.5 to 1 mg. Al, 5 mg. Hg, and argon at 20 torr.
  • the are tube operates with its ends at a temperature of better than 600 C. and this means that protection of the metal end caps from oxidation must be provided.
  • the arc tube is not operated in air but is mounted within an evacuated outer jacket (not shown).
  • the illustrated lamp operated at 200 volts with a current of l.6 amperes on alternating current and a reignition peak of about 600 volts was observed. To further reduce attack on the electrodes, 0.1 mg.
  • the aluminum chloride lamp may also be made using a fused silica or quartz arc tube provided with an internal protective coating of A1 0; to protect the silica against attack by the AlCl
  • A1 0 One way of coating the silica with A1 0 is to expose the hot tube to a mixture of AlCl vapor and an oxidizing gas mixture, suitably CO diluted with argon. The following reaction then takes place:
  • aluminum chloride lamps made from alumina-coated fused silica envelopes having volumes ranging from 0.2 to 1 cc. contained 2.2 mg. A1, 3.9 mg. HgCI and Ar at 40 torr. The are gap was about 4 mm. At a loading of 600 watts, current 5.1 amperes and voltage 148 volts, the efficiency was 75 lumens per watt.
  • the niobium end caps may be sealed directly to the tubing by machining them to a close fit and fitting them to the ends of the tubing in a vacuum at a very high temperature.
  • the seal areas may be coated with A1 0 in order to protect the calcia from attack by A101
  • the spectral output of the aluminum chloride lamp is represented by curve 11. Dotted line curve 12 shows the solar spectrum for purposes of comparison, and curve 13 is the eye sensitivity curve.
  • a high-intensity arc lamp comprising a light-transmissive envelope ofa material nonreactive with aluminum trichloride at an elevated temperature, tungsten electrodes sealed into the ends thereof, and a filling within said envelope comprising aluminum trichloride, aluminum, and an inert gas to facilitate starting.
  • a lamp as in claim 1 wherein the filling also includes aluminum tri-iodide.
  • a lamp as in claim 1 wherein the filling includes aluminum tri-iodide. and mercury.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US825661A 1969-05-19 1969-05-19 Aluminum chloride discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime US3586898A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82566169A 1969-05-19 1969-05-19

Publications (1)

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US3586898A true US3586898A (en) 1971-06-22

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Family Applications (1)

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US825661A Expired - Lifetime US3586898A (en) 1969-05-19 1969-05-19 Aluminum chloride discharge lamp

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3586898A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS4915414B1 (enExample)
BE (1) BE750474A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2023772C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2047427A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1253948A (enExample)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS48100992A (enExample) * 1972-04-04 1973-12-19
US3882343A (en) * 1970-10-06 1975-05-06 Gen Electric Tin chloride molecular radiation lamp
US3882345A (en) * 1971-11-22 1975-05-06 Gen Electric Metal halide discharge lamp containing tin and sodium halides
US3898504A (en) * 1970-12-09 1975-08-05 Matsushita Electronics Corp High pressure metal vapor discharge lamp
US3911308A (en) * 1974-02-07 1975-10-07 Matsushita Electronics Corp High-pressure metal-vapor discharge lamp
US3958145A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure, mercury vapor, metal halide discharge lamp
US4436762A (en) 1982-07-26 1984-03-13 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Low pressure plasma discharge formation of refractory coatings
US4480213A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-10-30 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Compact mercury-free fluorescent lamp
US4492898A (en) * 1982-07-26 1985-01-08 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Mercury-free discharge lamp
US4495435A (en) * 1982-07-26 1985-01-22 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Plasma switch
US4636692A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-01-13 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Mercury-free discharge lamp
US4647821A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-03-03 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Compact mercury-free fluorescent lamp
US4710679A (en) * 1985-12-06 1987-12-01 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Fluorescent light source excited by excimer emission
EP0714551B1 (de) * 1993-08-16 1997-08-20 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenidentladungslampe für fotooptische zwecke
US20060091812A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2006-05-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content
US20090098389A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 General Electric Company. Highly emissive material, structure made from highly emissive material, and method of making the same
US20090096342A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 General Electric Company. Highly emissive material, structure made from highly emissive material, and method of making the same

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50115519U (enExample) * 1974-03-07 1975-09-20
JPH03152852A (ja) * 1989-11-08 1991-06-28 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 高輝度放電ランプ及び無電極放電灯装置
US5256940A (en) * 1989-11-08 1993-10-26 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. High intensity discharge lamp device
DE10216092A1 (de) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-30 Schott Glas Verbundmaterial aus einem Substratmaterial und einem Barriereschichtmaterial

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882343A (en) * 1970-10-06 1975-05-06 Gen Electric Tin chloride molecular radiation lamp
US3898504A (en) * 1970-12-09 1975-08-05 Matsushita Electronics Corp High pressure metal vapor discharge lamp
US3882345A (en) * 1971-11-22 1975-05-06 Gen Electric Metal halide discharge lamp containing tin and sodium halides
JPS48100992A (enExample) * 1972-04-04 1973-12-19
US3958145A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-05-18 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure, mercury vapor, metal halide discharge lamp
US3911308A (en) * 1974-02-07 1975-10-07 Matsushita Electronics Corp High-pressure metal-vapor discharge lamp
US4436762A (en) 1982-07-26 1984-03-13 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Low pressure plasma discharge formation of refractory coatings
US4480213A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-10-30 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Compact mercury-free fluorescent lamp
US4492898A (en) * 1982-07-26 1985-01-08 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Mercury-free discharge lamp
US4495435A (en) * 1982-07-26 1985-01-22 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Plasma switch
US4636692A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-01-13 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Mercury-free discharge lamp
US4647821A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-03-03 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Compact mercury-free fluorescent lamp
US4710679A (en) * 1985-12-06 1987-12-01 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Fluorescent light source excited by excimer emission
EP0714551B1 (de) * 1993-08-16 1997-08-20 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenidentladungslampe für fotooptische zwecke
US5691601A (en) * 1993-08-16 1997-11-25 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft F. Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Metal-halide discharge lamp for photooptical purposes
US20060091812A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2006-05-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content
US7282862B2 (en) * 2002-11-26 2007-10-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content
US20080007179A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2008-01-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content
US20090098389A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 General Electric Company. Highly emissive material, structure made from highly emissive material, and method of making the same
US20090096342A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 General Electric Company. Highly emissive material, structure made from highly emissive material, and method of making the same
US7768207B2 (en) * 2007-10-12 2010-08-03 General Electric Company Highly emissive material, structure made from highly emissive material, and method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1253948A (en) 1971-11-17
DE2023772B2 (de) 1974-01-17
JPS4915414B1 (enExample) 1974-04-15
BE750474A (fr) 1970-11-16
DE2023772A1 (de) 1970-12-10
DE2023772C3 (de) 1974-08-22
FR2047427A5 (enExample) 1971-03-12

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