US3582702A - Thermionic electron-emissive electrode with a gas-binding material - Google Patents

Thermionic electron-emissive electrode with a gas-binding material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3582702A
US3582702A US811846A US3582702DA US3582702A US 3582702 A US3582702 A US 3582702A US 811846 A US811846 A US 811846A US 3582702D A US3582702D A US 3582702DA US 3582702 A US3582702 A US 3582702A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
emissive
electrode
gas
coating
thermionic electron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US811846A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Hermann Raymun Almer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3582702A publication Critical patent/US3582702A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01J7/18—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
    • H01J7/186—Getter supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/94—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01J61/26—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope

Definitions

  • the sheet may be formed into a tube and the electron-emissive coating may be on the outside or inside and the gas-binding material on the opposite side.
  • Such cathodes may be employed in electric discharge tubes, such as cathode-ray tubes and low-pressure gas-discharge lamps.
  • the invention relates to a thermionic electrode which includes a metal support one side of which is provided with an electron emissive coating. Furthermore the invention relates to an electric discharge tube provided with such an electrode.
  • Electrodes for electric discharge tubes starting from a supporting body for example, from metal strip or sheet are known from literature.
  • This starting material is preferably chosen because it is advantageous to have a support having a large surface and a small volume.
  • Usually at least one side of the supporting body is provided with an electronemissive coating.
  • many methods are known, for example, spraying, immersing, compressing or combinations thereof.
  • the electrode Prior to or after providing the emissive coating the electrode is formed into its ultimate shape.
  • the discharge space of an electric discharge tube contains different gaseous impurities. These are partly residual gases which have remained after exhausting of the tube and partly these are gases which are bound to or in the wall of the discharge tube, the electrodes or the current supply wires and the like, and which evolve during operation of the tube. These gaseous impurities are mostly disturbing for the satisfactory operation of the tube, because they may give rise to a poisoning of the emissive coating. in the case of low-pressure gas discharge lamps the gaseous impurities may also influence the efficiency of the lamp in an unfavorable sense. ln addition they may considerably increase the ignition voltage of the lamp.
  • gas-binding materials sometimes also called getters, in the discharge space. It is, for example, known to form a gasbinding surface on a portion of the wall of the tube, or to place a sheet or strip of a gas-binding material in the vicinity of an electrode.
  • a getter material for a discharge tube.
  • the getter materials In the first place the material must be able to bind the unwanted gases to a sufficient extend; in the second place the gases must be bound sufficiently quickly.
  • the getter materials have, however, a selective action, that is to say, they bind only very specific gases in sufficient quantities and at a sufficient velocity.
  • the operation of most getters is dependent on the temperature.
  • a barium coating will operate at a comparatively low temperature (lower than 100 C.) whereas a solid zirconium or titanium plate operates satisfactorily only at considerably higher temperatures (higher than b C.)
  • a thermionic electrode according to the invention is provided with a support consisting of metal sheet, one surface of which has an electron-emissive coating and is characterized in that the other surface of the support has a gas-binding coating.
  • the result of providing a getter coating on a thermionic electrode is that the coating is brought to a high temperature during the operation of the discharge tube. This is very advantageous if gas-binding materials are used, whose gas-binding properties enhance at comparatively high temperatures.
  • One or more of the elements zirconium, titanium, lanthanum, cerium or thorium are preferably used as gas-binding materials. All mentioned elements have excellent gasbinding properties at a high temperature. Particularly oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are bound to a sufficient extent and at a sufficient velocity by these elements. Especially these gases have been found to be disturbing during the operation of the discharge tube.
  • An advantage of the said gas-binding elements is that they have a great affinity for hydrogen at a comparatively low temperature. Prior to the discharge tube being ignited, substantially all hydrogen in the discharge space is thus bound to the gas-binding coating. As is known, too high a hydrogen pressure in the discharge space gives rise to an increase of the ignition voltage.
  • the form of the gas-binding coating is important for the gasbinding properties.
  • a foil of, for example, zirconium provided on the support, or a zirconium layer having a small pore volume will have a smaller gas-binding power than a layer of zirconium granules which are only weakly sintered together.
  • a weakly sintered layer has a large active surface.
  • a method of manufacturing an anode for electric discharge tubes provided with a gas-binding coating is known from British Pat. Specification No. 995,82l.
  • the gas-binding coating is preferably provided on an electrode according to the invention in accordance with this known method.
  • metal particles are provided on a metal strip from a holder, whereafter the strip provided with the particles is introduced into a furnace where the particles are sintered to the strip.
  • One or more of the above-mentioned gas-binding materials are provided in the interstices between the metal particles, mostly in the form of hydrides.
  • the coating thus formed is then compressed, for example, between steel rollers so that the metal particles are deformed and this to such an extent that they largely surround the gas-binding material and therefore retains it.
  • An electrode according to the invention may now be formed, for example, by bending, welding etc. from pieces of the metal strip having a gas-binding coating and obtained in the manner as described above.
  • the emissive coating may be provided on the other side of the strip prior to or after the ultimate design of the electrode.
  • the getter material Upon so-called formation and activation of the electrode in the discharge tube the getter material is only weakly sintered so that a large active surface is maintained. If the getter material is provided in the coating as a hydride, for example, zirconium hydride, the hydrogen gas evolves during formation which enhances the activation and formation of the emissive coating.
  • a hydride for example, zirconium hydride
  • tungsten and/or nickel powder to the gas-binding material has a favorable influence on the gas-binding properties.
  • the tungsten powder prevents too strong a sintering of the material and due to the addition of the nickel powder a larger quantity of getter material is incorporated between the metal particles.
  • the overall quantity of tungsten and/or nickel is 20-60 percent by weight.
  • an electrode according to the invention the emissive coating is provided in the same manner as described above for the gas-binding coating.
  • a method of providing a thermionic coating on electrodes is known from British Pat. Specification No. 940,063.
  • An electrode is then obtained whose emissive coating has a low work function as a result of the weak sintering of the emitting material.
  • the electrode may then be operated at a temperature which need not be higher than approximately 900 C. in addition this embodiment of the electrode has the advantages of a small electric resistance and of an excellent resistance to sputtering by an ion bombardment possibly occurring.
  • the two coatings are provided in the manner described above it is recommended to form initially the gas-binding coating on one side of the strip and thereafter the emissive coating on the other side, in which the sintering of the metal particles for the formation of the last-mentioned coating must be effected in a reducing atmosphere, for example, in hydrogen or in a reducing mixture of hydrogen and an inert gas in order to protect the hydrides in the gas-binding coating. It is alternatively possible to provide the two coatings simultaneously.
  • nickel and particularly cathode-nickel are, however, preferred because these materials are cheap and do not contain unwanted impurities. In addition these materials can easily be processed.
  • the metal particles sintered to the support may consist, for example, of vanadium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt or nickel, because these metals can satisfactorily be sintered to a metal substratum.
  • nickel is preferred, inter alia because it is cheap and because it can easily be provided on the support in the desired shape.
  • when using nickel particles they can be fed to the strip from a magnetic container so that the particles are directed in such a manner that agglomerations are formed in a direction perpendicular to the strip, with mutual interstices between the agglomerations. Upon sintering along columns of nickel particles are then formed on the strip which may surround much gas-binding or electronemitting material.
  • metal strip which has a slight thickness, for example, between 20 and 100 m.
  • the electrode then has a slight heat capacity so that the time required to bring electrodes to the temperature of emission is short.
  • the electrode according to the invention is preferably provided with at least 1 mg. of emitting material per cm. ofthe emitting surface.
  • a quantity of emitting material larger than l mg./cm. is mostly not necessary.
  • One or more of the alkaline earth oxides may be used as emitter material in the manufacture of the tube. These oxides are mostly formed carbonates, for example, a mixture of barium carbonate, strontium carbonate and calcium carbonate.
  • the emitting material may advantageously be mixed with l l 0 percent by weight of one or more of the elements titanium, zirconium, hafnium or thorium. The said elements enhance the process of activation of the emitting material, particularly during the initial operating hours of the tube. When the admixed activating elements have been consumed the diffusion process of the gas-binding material has advanced so far that sufficient activators are post supplied.
  • An electrode according to the invention in an electric vacuum discharge tube is preferably formed as an indirectly heated cathode having a hollow cylindrical supporting body.
  • the emissive coating is then provided on the outer side of the cylinder opposite the anode.
  • the getter coating is provided on the inner side of the cylinder and binds the gases evolved from the filament so that these cannot penetrate the discharge space.
  • At least one end of the cylinder has an aperture so that also the gases evolved elsewhere in the discharge space may be bound by the getter coating.
  • the permanent supply of activators from the getter coating to the emissive coating plays a great part so that tubes having a very long lifetime can be manufactured.
  • the electrode is preferably formed as an indirectly heated cathode having a hollow cylindrical supporting body one end of which is closed by a metal sheet whose outer side is provided with an emissive coating.
  • the getter coating is provided on the inner side of the sheet and possibly on the cylindrical portion of the support.
  • An electrode according to the invention may very advantageously be used, in a low-pressure gas discharge tube, for example, a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp.
  • the electrode preferably has the shape of a hollow cylinder at least one end of which has an aperture
  • the emissive coating is provided on the inner side of the cylinder.
  • the electrode material possibly sputtered by an ion bombardment then will not escape easily from the electrode.
  • the getter coating is now provided on the outer side of the cylinder which is advantageous for the gas-binding action because the getter coating is then easily accessible to the impurities.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an electrode according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of nickel strip provided with a gas binding and an emissive coating which strip can be used in the manufacture of an electrode according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of an electrode according to the invention for use in cathode-ray tubes
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a vacuum discharge tube according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a cathode-ray tube according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 finally shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 indicates the supporting body from nickel strip of a hollow cylindrical electrode which may be used in vacuum discharge tubes.
  • the dimensions of the support are dependent on the purpose for which the electrode is used. In a rectifier diode, for example, the length of the cylinder may be 60 mm. and the diameter may be 5 mm. The thickness of the strip is 75 am. in this case.
  • the gas-binding coating 2 is provided on the inner side and the emissive coating 3 is provided on the the outer side of the electrode.
  • a lock seam is indicated by 4 which in this embodiment of the electrode is located on the inner side.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section of a hollow cylindrical electrode for use in a low-pressure gas discharge lamp
  • the supporting body 1 of nickel is 15 mm. long and has a diameter of approximately 2.5 mm. while the thickness of the nickel strip is approximately 50 m.
  • the gas-binding coating 2 is provided on the outer side and the emissive coating 3 is provided on the inner side of the support.
  • the lock seam 4 now extend along the outer side of the electrode.
  • FIG. 3 shows on an enlarged scale a cross section of part of an electrode according to the invention.
  • Reference numeral 1 indicates a strip of cathode-nickel which contains, for example, 0.030.09 percent by weight of magnesium, and which serves as a support for the gas-binding coating 2,5 and the emissive coating 3,6. In this case the strip has a thickness of approximately 50 pm. The two coatings are approximately 10 m. thick.
  • the gas-binding material 2 consists of zirconium to which approximately 30 percent by weight of nickel is added and it is largely surrounded and retained by the columns 5 of nickel particles and the nickel strip 1.
  • the emitting material consists of a mixture of alkaline earth oxides to which 1-10 percent by weight of titanium and/or zirconium is added and it is largely surrounded by the columns 6 of nickel particles and the nickel strip 1.
  • the nickel support will contain a small quantity of zirconium.
  • the concentration of the zirconium in the support decreases, while going from the gas-binding surface to the emitting surface.
  • a stationary state sets in, the supply of zirconium to the emitting coating being exactly sufficient for an optimum action of this coating.
  • FIG. 4 shows the support 1 from nickel strip of an electrode which is used in a cathode-ray tube, for example, for the display of television pictures.
  • the support consists of a hollow cylinder closed at one end and formed from one one piece of the nickel strip by deep drawing.
  • the gas-binding coating 2 is provided across the entire inner surface of the electrode.
  • the emissive coating 3 is provided on the outer side of the electrode and extends substantially throughout the surface of the portion closing the cylinder.
  • the electrode is mostly used in combination with a metal shaft which surrounds the filament and which is not shown in the drawing.
  • FIG. 5 shows the glass envelope 7 of a triode according to the invention.
  • the cathode l, 2, 3 has a shape as shown in FIG. 1 and is indirectly heated by a filament spiral 8.
  • a grid is indicated by 9 and an anode is indicated by 10.
  • F IG. 6 shows a cathode-ray tube according to the invention which is used for the display of pictures.
  • the indirectly heated electrode 1 provided with an emitting surface 3 and a gasbinding surface 2 is of the type as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the filament is not shown.
  • the electrode is secured with the aid of ceramic material 14 in a so-called Wehnelt cylinder 15. This cylinder and the remaining electrodes not shown in the Figure are supported by supporting columns 16.
  • the envelope, for example, of glass of the discharge space is indicated by 7.
  • reference numeral 7 indicates the wall, for example, of glass of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention which lamp consumes a power of 40 watt during operation.
  • a pinch 11 is formed at either end of the lamp through which current supply wires 12 are passed.
  • the current supply wires are connected in the discharge space to electrodes 1, 2, 3 by means of spot-welding.
  • a cross section of these electrodes is shown in FlG. 2.
  • a luminescent layer is indicated by 13. The electrode construction is cheap and does not require means to preheat the electrode upon ignition of the lamp.
  • a thermionic electron-emissive electrode comprising a support consisting of metal sheet, an electron-emissive coating on one surface of said support, and a coating of a gas-binding material on the opposite surface of said support.
  • An electric discharge tube including a thermionic electron-emissive electrode comprising a hollow cylinder at least one end of which has an aperture, an emissive coating provided on the outer surface of the cylinder, and a getter material on the inner surface of the cylinder.
  • a cathode-ray tube including a thermionic electron emissive electrode comprising a hollow cylinder one end of which is closed by a metal sheet, the outer side of said cylinder being provided with an emissive coating and the inner side of the cylinder being provided with a gas'binding coating.
  • a low-pressure gas-discharge lamp comprising a thermionic electron-emissive electrode comprising a hollow cylinder at least one end of which has an aperture, an emissive coating provided on the inner side of the cylinder, and a gasbinding coating on the outer surface of said cylinder.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US811846A 1968-04-04 1969-04-01 Thermionic electron-emissive electrode with a gas-binding material Expired - Lifetime US3582702A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6804720A NL6804720A (da) 1968-04-04 1968-04-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3582702A true US3582702A (en) 1971-06-01

Family

ID=19803234

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US811846A Expired - Lifetime US3582702A (en) 1968-04-04 1969-04-01 Thermionic electron-emissive electrode with a gas-binding material

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3582702A (da)
BE (1) BE730961A (da)
CH (1) CH495055A (da)
DE (1) DE1913071A1 (da)
ES (1) ES365598A1 (da)
FR (1) FR2007388A1 (da)
GB (1) GB1265881A (da)
NL (1) NL6804720A (da)
OA (1) OA03035A (da)
SE (1) SE339962B (da)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2125615A (en) * 1982-08-05 1984-03-07 Emi Plc Thorn H.P. discharge lamps
WO1998039791A2 (de) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-11 Marcus Thielen Kalte elektrode für gasentladungen
WO1999005694A1 (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Xrt Corp. Miniature x-ray device having cold cathode
WO1999009580A1 (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-02-25 Xrt Corp. Cathode from getter material
US6095966A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-08-01 Xrt Corp. X-ray device having a dilation structure for delivering localized radiation to an interior of a body
US6289079B1 (en) 1999-03-23 2001-09-11 Medtronic Ave, Inc. X-ray device and deposition process for manufacture
US6377846B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2002-04-23 Medtronic Ave, Inc. Device for delivering localized x-ray radiation and method of manufacture
US6464625B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2002-10-15 Robert A. Ganz Therapeutic method and apparatus for debilitating or killing microorganisms within the body
US6529361B1 (en) * 1997-09-16 2003-03-04 Epcos Ag Gas-filled discharge path
US20030090202A1 (en) * 2001-11-12 2003-05-15 Alessandro Gallitognotta Discharge lamps using hollow cathodes with integrated getters and methods for manufacturing same
US6680574B1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2004-01-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Gas discharge lamp comprising an oxide emitter electrode
EP1398822A2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-17 Colour Star Limited A Mercury Gas Discharge Device
WO2005048293A2 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Cathode with integrated getter and low work function for cold cathode methods for manufacturing such a cathode
US20070064372A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-22 Littelfuse, Inc. Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore
EP1983543A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-22 ICT Integrated Circuit Testing Gesellschaft für Halbleiterprüftechnik mbH Gun chamber, charged particle beam apparatus and method of operating same
US7534635B1 (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-05-19 General Electric Company Getter precursors for hermetically sealed packaging

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1139827A (en) * 1977-12-06 1983-01-18 George L. Davis Oxide cathode and method of manufacturing powder metallurgical nickel for such a cathode
DE2924519C2 (de) * 1979-06-18 1982-11-25 Manfred 5905 Freudenberg Hoffmann Fachwerkartiger Träger, Stütze o.dgl.
EP0291123B1 (en) * 1987-05-13 1991-09-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electric lamp provided with a getter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2741717A (en) * 1951-06-14 1956-04-10 Siemens Ag Dispenser type cathode having gettercoated parts
US2843781A (en) * 1954-11-01 1958-07-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Sublimation reducing cathode connector
US3078387A (en) * 1960-09-08 1963-02-19 Philips Corp Magnetron
US3110081A (en) * 1959-01-22 1963-11-12 Philips Corp Manufacture of thermionic bodies
US3495116A (en) * 1965-06-30 1970-02-10 Siemens Ag Pump arrangement with auxiliary cathode for electrical discharge vessels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2741717A (en) * 1951-06-14 1956-04-10 Siemens Ag Dispenser type cathode having gettercoated parts
US2843781A (en) * 1954-11-01 1958-07-15 Sylvania Electric Prod Sublimation reducing cathode connector
US3110081A (en) * 1959-01-22 1963-11-12 Philips Corp Manufacture of thermionic bodies
US3078387A (en) * 1960-09-08 1963-02-19 Philips Corp Magnetron
US3495116A (en) * 1965-06-30 1970-02-10 Siemens Ag Pump arrangement with auxiliary cathode for electrical discharge vessels

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2125615A (en) * 1982-08-05 1984-03-07 Emi Plc Thorn H.P. discharge lamps
US6095966A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-08-01 Xrt Corp. X-ray device having a dilation structure for delivering localized radiation to an interior of a body
US6377846B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2002-04-23 Medtronic Ave, Inc. Device for delivering localized x-ray radiation and method of manufacture
US6417607B1 (en) 1997-03-05 2002-07-09 Marcus Thielen Cold electrode for gas discharges
WO1998039791A3 (de) * 1997-03-05 1999-03-04 Marcus Thielen Kalte elektrode für gasentladungen
WO1998039791A2 (de) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-11 Marcus Thielen Kalte elektrode für gasentladungen
WO1999005694A1 (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Xrt Corp. Miniature x-ray device having cold cathode
WO1999009580A1 (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-02-25 Xrt Corp. Cathode from getter material
US6529361B1 (en) * 1997-09-16 2003-03-04 Epcos Ag Gas-filled discharge path
US6289079B1 (en) 1999-03-23 2001-09-11 Medtronic Ave, Inc. X-ray device and deposition process for manufacture
US6491618B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2002-12-10 Robert A. Ganz Apparatus and method for debilitating or killing microorganisms within the body
US6464625B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2002-10-15 Robert A. Ganz Therapeutic method and apparatus for debilitating or killing microorganisms within the body
US6890346B2 (en) 1999-06-23 2005-05-10 Lumerx Inc. Apparatus and method for debilitating or killing microorganisms within the body
US6680574B1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2004-01-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Gas discharge lamp comprising an oxide emitter electrode
US20030090202A1 (en) * 2001-11-12 2003-05-15 Alessandro Gallitognotta Discharge lamps using hollow cathodes with integrated getters and methods for manufacturing same
US20050136786A1 (en) * 2001-11-12 2005-06-23 Alessandro Gallitognotta Hollow cathodes with getter layers on inner and outer surfaces
US20040164680A1 (en) * 2001-11-12 2004-08-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Discharge lamps using hollow cathodes with integrated getters and methods for manufacturing same
US6916223B2 (en) * 2001-11-12 2005-07-12 Saes Getters S.P.A. Discharge lamps using hollow cathodes with integrated getters and methods for manufacturing same
EP1398822A2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-17 Colour Star Limited A Mercury Gas Discharge Device
EP1398822A3 (en) * 2002-09-12 2005-01-26 Colour Star Limited A Mercury Gas Discharge Device
WO2005048293A2 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Cathode with integrated getter and low work function for cold cathode methods for manufacturing such a cathode
WO2005048293A3 (en) * 2003-11-14 2006-03-16 Getters Spa Cathode with integrated getter and low work function for cold cathode methods for manufacturing such a cathode
US20070114927A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2007-05-24 Saes Getters S. P. A. Cathode with integrated getter and low work function for cold cathode methods for manufacturing such a cathode
US20070064372A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-22 Littelfuse, Inc. Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore
US7643265B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2010-01-05 Littelfuse, Inc. Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore
EP1983543A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-22 ICT Integrated Circuit Testing Gesellschaft für Halbleiterprüftechnik mbH Gun chamber, charged particle beam apparatus and method of operating same
US20080284332A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-11-20 Ict Integrated Circuit Testing Gesellschaft Fuer Halbleiterprueftechnik Mbh Gun chamber, charged particle beam apparatus and method of operating same
US7534635B1 (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-05-19 General Electric Company Getter precursors for hermetically sealed packaging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE339962B (da) 1971-11-01
BE730961A (da) 1969-10-02
CH495055A (de) 1970-08-15
OA03035A (fr) 1970-12-15
DE1913071A1 (de) 1969-10-23
ES365598A1 (es) 1971-03-16
GB1265881A (da) 1972-03-08
NL6804720A (da) 1969-10-07
FR2007388A1 (da) 1970-01-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3582702A (en) Thermionic electron-emissive electrode with a gas-binding material
US2543728A (en) Incandescible cathode
US4594220A (en) Method of manufacturing a scandate dispenser cathode and dispenser cathode manufactured by means of the method
US3798492A (en) Emissive electrode
US4873052A (en) Method of manufacturing a scandate dispenser cathode and scandate dispenser cathode manufactured according to the method
US4894584A (en) Electric lamp provided with a getter including palladium
US3619699A (en) Discharge lamp having cavity electrodes
US2173259A (en) Active metal compounds for vacuum tubes
US3902090A (en) Short-arc gas discharge lamp
US3549937A (en) Low pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp including an alloy type getter coating
EP0698280B1 (en) Dispenser cathode and method of manufacturing a dispenser cathode
US6417607B1 (en) Cold electrode for gas discharges
US3497757A (en) Tungsten dispenser cathode having emission enhancing coating of osmium-iridium or osmium-ruthenium alloy for use in electron tube
US4836816A (en) Method of treating tungsten cathodes
US2959702A (en) Lamp and mount
JPH02186525A (ja) 貯蔵形ディスペンサー陰極及びその製造方法
US2840751A (en) Electrode coating composition and electrode for cold cathode gas discharge lamp
US2832912A (en) Electric discharge device
US3718831A (en) Cavity pellet emissive electrode
US2957231A (en) Electrode for electric discharge device
US3688150A (en) Degassing arrangement for electron beam tube including an mk dispenser cathode
GB2116360A (en) Method of making a borided dispenser cathode
US2845567A (en) Indirectly heated thermionic cathode
US5017831A (en) Glow discharge lamp with getter material on anode
US5239229A (en) Glow discharge lamp with auxiliary electrode for mounting getter thereon