US3576185A - Sleep-inducing method and arrangement using modulated sound and light - Google Patents

Sleep-inducing method and arrangement using modulated sound and light Download PDF

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Publication number
US3576185A
US3576185A US741154A US3576185DA US3576185A US 3576185 A US3576185 A US 3576185A US 741154 A US741154 A US 741154A US 3576185D A US3576185D A US 3576185DA US 3576185 A US3576185 A US 3576185A
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transistor
set forth
signal
modulated
amplitude
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Hansrichard Schulz
Oskar Meseck
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SABA GmbH
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SABA GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis

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  • OSLA R "Essa/c SLEEP-INDUCING METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT USING MODULATED SOUND AND LIGHT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • One such method consists of applying rectangular pulses to the head of the patient by means of electrodes. This method is obviously cumbersome because of the need for applying the electrodes.
  • This invention is a sleep-inducing method and the apparatus for carrying out said method.
  • the method consists of the steps of starting, without overshoot, generation of at least one perceivable signal, amplitude modulated between a perceivable minimum and a perceivable maximum with a perceivable period. It further comprises the step of continuing the generation of said signal for a determined length of time and thereafter gradually terminating said signal.
  • the signal may either be a tone or a light or both. If both are used, they may be modulated synchronously, so that they reach their maxima and their minima simultaneously, or alternatively, a phase shift may exist between the two modulations.
  • the effect of the method according to this invention probably results from the fact that the rhythm of breathing of the patient is pulled into a calming and sleep-inducing tempo by acoustical and optical means.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of the sleep-inducing arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the carrier and modulation signal generators
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the modulator
  • FIG. d is a circuit diagram of the electronic time delay switch.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes carrier signalgenerating means adapted to generate a pure sinusoidal signal whose frequency may be adjusted between 40 and 80 Hz.
  • This carrier signal is modulated in the modulator stage 2 by means of the LII sinusoidal modulation signal generated in modulation signal generator 3.
  • the period of the modulation signal is adjustable between 3 and 12 seconds.
  • the percentage modulator can be adjusted between 0 and percent in the modulation stage 2.
  • the amplitude modulated carrier signal having a range of maximum to minimum amplitude ratio extending, for example, between I01] and 2:1, may be amplified by means of a low-distortion low frequency amplifier 4 and then fed to speaker means, preferably a woofer, 5, which is preferably mounted in an acoustically absorbent speaker cabinet for optimal generation of low frequency tones.
  • Low frequency amplifier 4 has, for example, a distortion factor of less than 0.5 percent to a 15 watt output.
  • the modulation signal generator supplies a signal which is applied not only for modulating of the carrier frequency signal, but which also serves to modulate a direct current source 6 which supplies the energy for a light source 7.
  • the direct current source 6 may for example comprise a DC amplifier whose output is connected to the lamp 7. This causes the brightness of the lamp to vary in synchronism with the modulation signal. Phase shift may be introduced between the brightness variation and the tone modulation.
  • a filter 8 may be supplied for extracting a particular desired color from the light.
  • FIGS. 2 through 4 show the construction of the individual elements constituting the sleep-inducing arrangement in detail.
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit for the carrier signal generator 1, which may also be used for the modulation signal generator 3.
  • the signal generators used in this invention may be of the phase shift type. They may for example consist of a two-stage amplifier having an input transitor l3 and an output transistor 14. A phase shift circuit, consisting of at least three RC integrator stages is connected between the output of the transistor 14 and the base of the transistor 13. In the particular example shown in FIG. 2 the phase shift circuit is designated 12 and consists of six of such RC circuits.
  • the operating points of the transistors are so adjusted that amplitude limiting may be achieved by overdriving output transistor 14 below the bend in its collector current-voltage characteristic. This type of amplitude limiting operates much more rapidly than, for example the type of limiting in Wien bridge generators where temperature dependent resistance elements are used.
  • a purely sinusoidal signal may be derived at the output of the phase shift circuit 12, that is at the base of input transistor 13, and may be furnished to the remainder of the circuit by means of an impedance changing circuit, here an emitter follower stage 15.
  • the last resistance 16 of the phase shift circuit 12 may be adjustable, so that the frequency of the signal generator may be changed.
  • both the optical and the acoustical signals are switched in gradually, that is without transient light flashes or switching noise and, also, are terminated in a corresponding fashion after continuing for a predetermined time length.
  • a switching circuit for accomplishing this purpose is shown in FIG. 4.
  • First it serves to delay the generation of the perceivable signals for, for example 8 seconds, thus preventing transient overvoltages resulting from the switch-in of the carrier and modulation signal generators form reaching the output. Furthermore it allows the signals to be discontinued at a predetermined time and so gradually that the switch-out period may for example extend over several minutes. Both signals are here to be terminated without side noise or flashing light effects.
  • FIG. 4 shows the circuitry contained in block 9 of FIG. 1, it is seen that the circuit to accomplish the above-mentioned purposes comprises a delay transistor 19 having an emitter connected to ground.
  • the collector of the transistor 19 is connected to the input of modulator 2 and also to the DC current source 6.
  • the base of delay transistor 19 is connected over a resistor 18 and a condenser 17 to the power source for the apparatus via a switch 27.
  • the operation of the modulator stage 2 and the DC amplifier 6 is so chosen, that these stages are activated as long as transistor 19 is blocked, while they are blocked when transistor 19 becomes conductive.
  • the circuit of FIG. 4 also serves for the gradual termination of the perceivable signals. This is accomplished as follows: When the power source is connected to the sleep-inducing arrangement by switch 27, this also initiates the charging of condenser 20.
  • This condenser is connected on the one hand to the positive terminal of the power source, and on the other hand by means of a resistance 21 and the base-emitter circuits of first and second switch-out transistors 22 and 23 to ground.
  • the collector current of second switch-out transistor 23 causes a voltage drop in resistance 24 and the collector voltage of transistor 23 is very low, namely less than 0.5 volts. This causes transistor 19 to remain blocked.
  • transistor 19 remains blocked even after the end of the switch in period and normal functioning of the apparatus exists.
  • the diodes 25 and 26 in FIG. 4 serve solely as a protection for the transistors.
  • a further improvement of the method according to this invention may be achieved by making the acoustic signals pure sinusoids having a frequency between 40 and 80 Hz. or, more particularly 55 Hz. and causing the signals to be emitted by at least two separate speakers simultaneously with approximately equal volume.
  • the distance between the speakers should be at least 1 meter.
  • the effectiveness of the sleep-inducing effect is increased considerably when the frequency of the sine tones emitted by both speakers differ by approximately 0.5 to 2 Hz. This causes additional beat frequencies to appear.
  • This method is particularly effective when the modulation periods of the two acoustic signals are slightly different. This improvement may probably be traced to the fact that the acoustic center of the emitted sound moves from one of these signal sources to the other during the treatment period because of the differences in modulation frequency.
  • Method for inducing sleep in a subject comprising, in combination, the steps of starting at a first and a second location the generation of perceivable sound signals in the range of 40 to Hz. free of overtones and amplitude modulated between perceivable minimum and a perceivable maximum with a predetermined perceivable constant period within a perceivable distance of said subject, said sound signals at said first and second location being continued with substantially equal volume and the frequency of said sound signals at said second location differing from the frequency of the sound signals at said first location by approximately 0.5 to 2 Hz. and gradually terminating the generation of said sound signals after the same have been continued for a predetennined length of time.
  • amplitude variation is a sinusoidal variation, and wherein said eriod is between 3 and 12 seconds.
  • Apparatus for inducing sleep in a subject comprising, in combination, carrier signal generating means for generating a sinusoidal carrier signal in the frequency range between 40 and 80 Hz.; modulation signal-generating means for generating a sinusoidal modulation signal having a predetermined modulation period; modulator means for combining said sinusoidal carrier signal and sinusoidal modulation signal to generate an amplitude-modulated signal; speaker means adapted to convert said amplitude-modulated signal to an audible tone; delay means for delaying the generation of said amplitude-modulated signal for a predetermined time period after activation of said carrier signal generating means and said modulation signal-generating means; and electrical means for automatically and gradually terminating the generation of said amplitude-modulated signal after a predetennined time length.
  • a system as set forth in claim 7 also comprising a power source, switching means connecting said sleep-inducing apparatus to said power source when operated; wherein said delay means comprise a delay transistor connected to said modulator in such a manner that said modulator is operative when said transistor is in the blocked state and inoperative when said transistor is in the conductive state; and a delay capacitor connected between said switching means and the base of said delay transistor in such a manner that the base current of said delay transistor causes said capacitor to become charged, blocking said delay transistor when sufficient charge has accumulated after said predetermined time period.
  • said electrical means comprise a first switch-out transistor; a switch-out resistance-capacitance circuit connected between the collector and base of said switch-out resistor and adapted to determine the switch-out time of said sleep-inducing arrangement; a second switch-out transistor having a base connected to the emitter of said first switch-out transistor, an emitter connected to ground, and a collector connected to the base of said delay transistor.
  • said carrier signal generating means and said modulating signal-generating means each comprise transistor amplifier means having an input and an output; a plurality of RC stages connected between said output and said input; and an emitter-follower circuit having an input connected to the input of said transistor amplifier means, and an output furnishing said carrier signal or said modulation signal.
  • said transistor amplifier means comprise an input transistor and an output transistor and means for overdriving said output transistor.
  • said modulator means generates an amplitude modulated signal whose degree of modulation is adjustable between 0 and 90 percent.
  • a system as set forth in claim 7 also comprising a lowfrequency amplifier for amplifying said amplitude-modulated signal.
  • said speaker means comprise a speaker in an acoustically absorbtive conventional speaker cabinet.
  • a system as set forth in claim 7 also comprising a source of direct current; means for applying said modulation signal to said direct current source, thus generating a modulated direct current; and a light source energized by said modulated direct current, thus generating an intensity-modulated light.
  • a system as set forth in claim 16 also comprising filter means arranged in front of said light, said filtering means permitting passage of one color only.
  • said modulator comprises a transistor having an emitter, collector and base; feedback means, independent of frequency, providing feedback from the collector circuit to the base circuit; and an emitter resistor, R, having a value substantially equal to l/Sa, where Sa is the slope of the curve of collector current plotted against base voltage at the operating point of said transistor.

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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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US741154A 1968-06-19 1968-06-19 Sleep-inducing method and arrangement using modulated sound and light Expired - Lifetime US3576185A (en)

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GB (1) GB1233438A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3773049A (en) * 1970-11-13 1973-11-20 L Rabichev Apparatus for the treatment of neuropsychic and somatic diseases with heat, light, sound and vhf electromagnetic radiation
US3884218A (en) * 1970-09-30 1975-05-20 Monroe Ind Inc Method of inducing and maintaining various stages of sleep in the human being
FR2385409A1 (fr) * 1976-07-16 1978-10-27 Badens Gerard Stimulateur rythmique visuel pour provoquer le sommeil
US4141344A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-02-27 Barbara Louis J Sound recording system
US4191175A (en) * 1978-01-16 1980-03-04 Nagle William L Method and apparatus for repetitively producing a noise-like audible signal
US4282864A (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-08-11 Pizer Robert S Method and apparatus for inducing a pre-hypnotic state
US4289121A (en) * 1978-11-26 1981-09-15 Kupriyanovich Leonid I Method for controlling functional state of central nervous system and device for effecting same
US4315502A (en) * 1979-10-11 1982-02-16 Gorges Denis E Learning-relaxation device
US4335710A (en) * 1980-01-16 1982-06-22 Omnitronics Research Corporation Device for the induction of specific brain wave patterns
US4355644A (en) * 1978-12-12 1982-10-26 Iwao Saito Heart rate bio-feedback system
WO1987001044A1 (en) * 1985-08-13 1987-02-26 Ilan Samson A baby calmer
US5123899A (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-06-23 James Gall Method and system for altering consciousness
US5167610A (en) * 1989-05-25 1992-12-01 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Sleep inducing system
US5197941A (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-03-30 Barbara Whitaker Portable device for controlling Circadian Rhythm disorders
US5213562A (en) * 1990-04-25 1993-05-25 Interstate Industries Inc. Method of inducing mental, emotional and physical states of consciousness, including specific mental activity, in human beings
US5356368A (en) * 1991-03-01 1994-10-18 Interstate Industries Inc. Method of and apparatus for inducing desired states of consciousness
US5709645A (en) * 1996-01-30 1998-01-20 Comptronic Devices Limited Independent field photic stimulator
US20010045889A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-11-29 Hooberman James D. Virtual sound system
DE10100663A1 (de) * 2001-01-02 2002-07-04 Stielau Guenter EEG Stimulation durch modulierten binaurale Laufzeitdifferenz sowie Biofeedback
US20030231495A1 (en) * 2002-06-15 2003-12-18 Searfoss Robert Lee Nightlight for phototherapy
US20040260367A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-12-23 Luis De Taboada Device and method for providing phototherapy to the heart
US20050209504A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Elliott Stephen B Method of presenting audible and visual cues for synchronizing the breathing cycle with an external timing reference for purposes of synchronizing the heart rate variability cycle with the breathing cycle
US7749155B1 (en) 1996-08-30 2010-07-06 Headwaters R+D Inc. Digital sound relaxation and sleep-inducing system and method
CN103768698A (zh) * 2014-01-15 2014-05-07 黄汝逸 一种催眠器音效处理电路
US10758743B2 (en) 2001-11-01 2020-09-01 Pthera LLC Method for providing phototherapy to the brain
US11097079B2 (en) 2017-11-28 2021-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Cognitively inducing sleep cycles by leveraging wearables

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2403802A1 (fr) * 1977-09-22 1979-04-20 Bjedic Jean Dispositif personnalise procurant un effet somnifere
DE3338649A1 (de) * 1983-10-25 1985-05-02 Harald Dr.rer.nat. 6238 Hofheim Wiebking Vorrichtung zum aussenden akustischer signale als einschlafhilfe

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304095A (en) * 1939-01-09 1942-12-08 Maury I Hull Method of and apparatus for inducing and sustaining sleep
US2425538A (en) * 1946-06-06 1947-08-12 Chester W Johnson Method and means for producing sleep by creating the illusion of a winking eye
US3014477A (en) * 1956-08-16 1961-12-26 Robert L Carlin Hypnotic inducer
US3183453A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-05-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tunable phase shift oscillator with variable rc filter
US3213851A (en) * 1960-05-03 1965-10-26 Jose A Currea Dental analgesia processes and devices
US3316502A (en) * 1965-06-07 1967-04-25 Itt Sinewave ringing generator including a phase shift oscillator operated in a saturated mode
US3436607A (en) * 1966-11-21 1969-04-01 Gen Time Corp Delay on de-energization electronic timer circuit
US3440450A (en) * 1965-07-28 1969-04-22 G V Controls Inc Electronic timer

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DE888601C (de) * 1949-03-22 1953-09-03 Brunhilde Reiss Geraet zur Herbeifuehrung des hypnotischen Zustandes von Behandlungsbeduerftigen
DE1019055B (de) * 1949-03-22 1957-11-07 Brunhilde Reiss Geb Grohmann Geraet zur Herbeifuehrung des hypnotischen Zustandes von Behandlungsbeduerftigen
DE1168608B (de) * 1959-10-27 1964-04-23 Etienne Giordano Vorrichtung, um einem Patienten einen Atmungszyklus aufzuerlegen
GB1015114A (en) * 1960-09-24 1965-12-31 Harold William Butland A device for the inducement of natural sleep
FR1338175A (fr) * 1962-10-24 1963-09-20 Appareil déclenchant la décontraction et le sommeil par réflexe conditionné

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304095A (en) * 1939-01-09 1942-12-08 Maury I Hull Method of and apparatus for inducing and sustaining sleep
US2425538A (en) * 1946-06-06 1947-08-12 Chester W Johnson Method and means for producing sleep by creating the illusion of a winking eye
US3014477A (en) * 1956-08-16 1961-12-26 Robert L Carlin Hypnotic inducer
US3213851A (en) * 1960-05-03 1965-10-26 Jose A Currea Dental analgesia processes and devices
US3183453A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-05-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tunable phase shift oscillator with variable rc filter
US3316502A (en) * 1965-06-07 1967-04-25 Itt Sinewave ringing generator including a phase shift oscillator operated in a saturated mode
US3440450A (en) * 1965-07-28 1969-04-22 G V Controls Inc Electronic timer
US3436607A (en) * 1966-11-21 1969-04-01 Gen Time Corp Delay on de-energization electronic timer circuit

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884218A (en) * 1970-09-30 1975-05-20 Monroe Ind Inc Method of inducing and maintaining various stages of sleep in the human being
US3773049A (en) * 1970-11-13 1973-11-20 L Rabichev Apparatus for the treatment of neuropsychic and somatic diseases with heat, light, sound and vhf electromagnetic radiation
FR2385409A1 (fr) * 1976-07-16 1978-10-27 Badens Gerard Stimulateur rythmique visuel pour provoquer le sommeil
US4191175A (en) * 1978-01-16 1980-03-04 Nagle William L Method and apparatus for repetitively producing a noise-like audible signal
US4141344A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-02-27 Barbara Louis J Sound recording system
US4289121A (en) * 1978-11-26 1981-09-15 Kupriyanovich Leonid I Method for controlling functional state of central nervous system and device for effecting same
US4355644A (en) * 1978-12-12 1982-10-26 Iwao Saito Heart rate bio-feedback system
US4315502A (en) * 1979-10-11 1982-02-16 Gorges Denis E Learning-relaxation device
US4335710A (en) * 1980-01-16 1982-06-22 Omnitronics Research Corporation Device for the induction of specific brain wave patterns
US4282864A (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-08-11 Pizer Robert S Method and apparatus for inducing a pre-hypnotic state
WO1987001044A1 (en) * 1985-08-13 1987-02-26 Ilan Samson A baby calmer
US4819616A (en) * 1985-08-13 1989-04-11 Ilan Samson Baby calmer
GB2179190B (en) * 1985-08-13 1989-08-16 Ilan Samson Baby calmer
US5167610A (en) * 1989-05-25 1992-12-01 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Sleep inducing system
US5213562A (en) * 1990-04-25 1993-05-25 Interstate Industries Inc. Method of inducing mental, emotional and physical states of consciousness, including specific mental activity, in human beings
US5123899A (en) * 1991-01-17 1992-06-23 James Gall Method and system for altering consciousness
US5356368A (en) * 1991-03-01 1994-10-18 Interstate Industries Inc. Method of and apparatus for inducing desired states of consciousness
US5197941A (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-03-30 Barbara Whitaker Portable device for controlling Circadian Rhythm disorders
US5709645A (en) * 1996-01-30 1998-01-20 Comptronic Devices Limited Independent field photic stimulator
US7749155B1 (en) 1996-08-30 2010-07-06 Headwaters R+D Inc. Digital sound relaxation and sleep-inducing system and method
US20010045889A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-11-29 Hooberman James D. Virtual sound system
DE10100663A1 (de) * 2001-01-02 2002-07-04 Stielau Guenter EEG Stimulation durch modulierten binaurale Laufzeitdifferenz sowie Biofeedback
US10758743B2 (en) 2001-11-01 2020-09-01 Pthera LLC Method for providing phototherapy to the brain
US20040260367A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-12-23 Luis De Taboada Device and method for providing phototherapy to the heart
US10695577B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2020-06-30 Photothera, Inc. Device and method for providing phototherapy to the heart
US6902296B2 (en) 2002-06-15 2005-06-07 Searfoss, Iii Robert Lee Nightlight for phototherapy
US20030231495A1 (en) * 2002-06-15 2003-12-18 Searfoss Robert Lee Nightlight for phototherapy
US20050209504A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Elliott Stephen B Method of presenting audible and visual cues for synchronizing the breathing cycle with an external timing reference for purposes of synchronizing the heart rate variability cycle with the breathing cycle
CN103768698A (zh) * 2014-01-15 2014-05-07 黄汝逸 一种催眠器音效处理电路
CN103768698B (zh) * 2014-01-15 2015-11-18 黄汝逸 一种催眠器音效处理电路
US11097079B2 (en) 2017-11-28 2021-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Cognitively inducing sleep cycles by leveraging wearables

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DE1491830B1 (de) 1970-06-18
GB1233438A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-26
FR1578056A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-08-14

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