US3574405A - Apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels - Google Patents

Apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3574405A
US3574405A US806491A US3574405DA US3574405A US 3574405 A US3574405 A US 3574405A US 806491 A US806491 A US 806491A US 3574405D A US3574405D A US 3574405DA US 3574405 A US3574405 A US 3574405A
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United States
Prior art keywords
scoop
scooping
channel
main structure
assembly
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Expired - Lifetime
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US806491A
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English (en)
Inventor
Takao Shimada
Tsutae Honma
Mamoru Minemoto
Hiroshi Kinbara
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Japan National Railways
Nippon Kokuyu Tetsudo
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Japan National Railways
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Publication date
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries

Definitions

  • references Cited Primary ExaminerErnest R. Purser Attorneys-Robert E. Burns and Emmanuel J. Lobato ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels characterized in that: the front portion of a channel-shaped main structure of the apparatus, having a U-shaped cross section and consisting of side plates and a bottom plate, is allowed to advance to a confronting position to the facing of the tunnel; a drilling device freely movable on the upper part of the apparatus is advanced along the length of the main structure so that holes are bored in the facing of the tunnel to accommodate explosives; after detonation of the explosives, a mucking device provided on the front part of the main structure removes the resulting muck rearwardly; conveyors transport the muck through the main structure; and the main structure is again advanced forwardly for further mucking and drilling holes in the facing of the tunnel.
  • This invention relates generally to the field of tunnel excavation, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus used for practicing the method.
  • a principal object of this invention is to provide a novel tunnel excavation method and apparatus whereby the above-mentioned drawbacks are substantially overcome.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel construction of thetunnel excavation apparatus which is economical in its initial cost, efficient in its operation, and versatile in its application to various kinds of earth structures which are frequently encountered.
  • Still another object of this invention is,to provide a novel tunneling method and apparatus for practicing the method, whereby the excavation of a tunnel can be carried out continuously without dead (interrupting) time.
  • An additional object of this invention is to provide a novel tunnel excavation method and apparatus whereby the muck produced by blasting with an explosive can be transported backward by means of a device which somewhat resembles a dustpan and conveyor combination.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a novel method and apparatus whereby the above-described muck can be removed with less noise and dust than in the case of the ordinary mucking machine.
  • a novel method comprising the steps of: advancing the front portion of a channel-shaped main structure of a tunneling apparatus having a U-shaped cross section and consisting of two side plates and a bottom plate, to a confronting position to the face of the tunnel, advancing a drilling device supported freely movably on the upper part of the apparatus along the length of the main structure so that holes are bored in the face of the tunnel to accommodate explosives, detonating the explosives, removing the muck produced by the explosion by means of a mucking device provided at the front part of the main structure, transporting the muck on conveyors through the main structure, and
  • a novel device comprising: a channel-shaped main structure of the device having a U shaped cross section and consisting of two side plates and a bottom plate, rail mounted on said two side plates of the main structure, a carriage supported on said rails and movable in the longitudinal direction of said main structure, a drilling device provided to project on the front end of the carriage facing the face of the tunnel, mucking devices provided at the front end of this device facing the face of the tunnel, and a transporting device extending inside the main structure in the longitudinal direction thereof for transporting the muck rearwardly.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation in longitudinal section showing an example of a tunnel excavation device constituting a preferred embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of front part of the main structure of the tunnel excavation device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of an automotive device used in the tunnel excavation deviceaccording to one aspect of this invention.
  • a tunnel excavation device has a main structure generally designated by A and having a channel-shaped cross section consisting of two side plates and a bottom plate.
  • the main structure A is further divided into three blocks I, II and III which may be connected together as more fully described hereinafter.
  • An automotive device such as a crawler 1 and a plurality of conveyors 2, 3 and 4 are included in the main structure A, and a scoop shoe 5 and a pair of scraping plates 7a, 7b capable of digging into and removing the muck (described hereinbefore), by means of hydraulic devices, onto the conveyors 2, 3 and 4 are provided at the forward part of the foremost block I of the main structure A.
  • a plurality of protecting plates 8a, 8b, 8c are supported by springs 9a, 9b, and 9c, respectively.
  • the plat ⁇ 3a is made swingable around a supporting shaft 10 upwardly by means of a hydraulic cylinder 11 so that it may be lowered at the time when an explosive is detonated.
  • a hydraulic jack 12 is located in front of this excavation device for lifting the scoop side 5, and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 6 are provided to operate the scraping plates 7a and 7b.
  • the three blocks I, II and III of the main structure A of this tunnel excavation apparatus can be connected together by means of connecting rods 13, 13, and by properly operating the automotive device 1, the whole assembly of the main structure A can be caused to crawl forwardly.
  • rails for supporting carriages 15, 15, are laid, and the muck transported by the conveyor t is thereby transferred to the carriages 15, 15 running on the rails 14.
  • a carriage B including means for clamping to the main structure A is supported on the rails 16.
  • a drilling device C having an arm 18 is mounted on the carriage B.
  • the arm 18 can be rotated by rotating means 17.
  • the direction and the position of the drill 21 on the drilling device C can be varied as desired.
  • movable means 23 which can be driven in forward and backward direction of the main structure A and can be clamped at a desired position.
  • a backhoe D is so mounted that it is swingable in a horizontal plane by means of a hydraulic device (not shown) and also swingable in a vertical plane by means of a hydraulic cylinder 24.
  • the total length of the backhoe can be extended or contracted by means of another hydraulic means, and a hoe 25 at the front end of the backhoe D can be pivotally moved about a transverse axis under the action of still another hydraulic cylinder 26.
  • the muck in front of the main structure A of the tunnel excavation device can be scraped into the block 1 by means of the backhoe D and other members as will be described hereinafter.
  • a winch 27 is provided at the rear of the carriage B, which can be utilized for miscellaneous kinds of work.
  • the foremost end-of the main structure A is placed at the nearest possible position to the face of the tunnel, with the scraping plates 70, 7b swung open as indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the carriage B is advanced as shown, and holes are drilled in the face of the tunnel by means of the drilling device C. Explosive devices are inserted into the holes, and the carriage B is retracted to the upper part of the block ll, the protecting plate 8a being lowered, and all operating power sources a turned off. All of the operating personnel are moved to shelter, and the explosive devices are detonated. Then the muck which has fallen and is between the facing of the tunnel and the forward end of the excavation device ,must be removed and transported to the rear.
  • the power switch is first closed, the protecting plate 8a is opened upward, and the muck is scraped into the block I of the excavation device by means of the backhoe D.
  • the heap of the muck has been reduced, the whole assembly of the main structure A is advanced with the aid of the automotive device 1, and the muck is further scraped into the block I by the scoop shoe 5.
  • some kind of muck which cannot be scraped into the dustpanshaped main structure A merely by the advance of the structure A, can be scraped also by means of the backhoe D.
  • the conveyor is appropriately designed so that, when the conveyor is extended over the two blocks, no trouble is caused by the crawling advancement of the main structure A.
  • drilling of holes for the explosive devices may be started from the portion of the facing where the muck has been removed. After the completion of drilling, the explosive devices are charged and blasted. The muck thus created is again removed in the same manner as described above, and the main structure of the excavating device is again advanced.
  • An excavating apparatus comprising: means defining an elongated channel assembly advanceable along an excavation site having a leading edge and a trailing edge; conveying means disposed within said channel assembly for conveying material from said leading edge to said trailing edge; material loading means for loading material onto said conveying means comprising a scoop shoe connected to a base portion of said channel assembly at said leading edge operative to scoop material thereon during advancement of said channel assembly, a pair of scraper plates pivotally connected to respective side portions of said channel assembly at said leading edge pivotable to an open position and a closed position cooperative with said scoop shoe to load material onto said conveying means, and means for effecting pivotal movement of said scraper plates between said open and closed positions to effect loading of material disposed on said scoop shoe onto said conveying means; and means for advancing said channel assembly along an excavation site.
  • An apparatus including a plurality of protecting plates positioned within said channel in axially spaced-apart relationship above said conveying means to protect said conveying means from falling material during a blasting operation.
  • An apparatus including spring means for resiliently supporting each of said protecting plates.
  • An apparatus including means mounting the particular protecting plate nearest to said leading edge for pivotal movement into and out of abutment with said scoop shoe; and means for effecting pivotal movement of said particular protecting plate into abutment with said scoop during a blasting operation and out of abutment with said scoop during a material loading operation.
  • An apparatus further including scooping means movably positioned on an upper portion of said channel side portions for scooping material onto said conveying means; and means for effecting movement of said scooping means along said channel assembly to a working position wherein same is operable to scoop material and to a nonworking position.
  • An apparatus further including a movably mounted drilling device mounted for movement above said scooping means; and means for effecting movement of said drilling device into and out of confronting relationship with a material surface to be drilled.
  • An apparatus including a set of rails mounted atop said channel side portions; a carriage assembly mounted for movement along said rails; scooping means mounted on said carriage assembly for scooping material onto said conveying means; a drilling device movably mounted on said carriage assembly; means for effecting movement of said drilling device to a working position to perform a drilling operation and to a nonwork ng position; and means locating said drilling (iUuLt! relative to said scooping means on said carriage assembly whereby a drilling operation can be carried out simultaneously with the operation of said scooping means.
  • An apparatus further including n. .ms defining a plurality of additional elongated channel assemblies serially connected together with said firstmentioned channel assembly to undergo advancement therewith.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US806491A 1968-03-15 1969-03-12 Apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels Expired - Lifetime US3574405A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1650868 1968-03-15

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US3574405A true US3574405A (en) 1971-04-13

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US (1) US3574405A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2004040A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731976A (en) * 1970-09-14 1973-05-08 Linden Alimak Ab Mining methods using equipment suspended from roof-mounted rails
US3995905A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-12-07 Consolidation Coal Company Method and apparatus for roof bolting and transferring mined material
US4026604A (en) * 1974-09-30 1977-05-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Ground excavating apparatus
US4397582A (en) * 1981-03-31 1983-08-09 Mcdermott Incorporated Method of creating a cold water conduit to be used in ocean thermal energy conversion systems
US5692807A (en) * 1995-08-09 1997-12-02 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Highwall mining apparatus
US20040251732A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Lowery Sterling Wayne Winch for coal mining system
CN102678113A (zh) * 2011-03-12 2012-09-19 刘素华 耙料破料清面装载机
EP3106608A2 (en) 2015-06-19 2016-12-21 Entreprenørfirmaet Østergaard A/S A tunneling machine and a method of excavating a tunnel

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4240665A (en) * 1977-12-20 1980-12-23 Perard Engineering Limited Conveyor mounted vehicle

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1081524A (en) * 1911-10-25 1913-12-16 Henry A Recen Tunneling-machine.
US1095786A (en) * 1910-01-17 1914-05-05 Frank Billings Mining and loading apparatus.
US1271197A (en) * 1917-11-28 1918-07-02 American Morgan Company Mining-machine.
US1992129A (en) * 1933-04-03 1935-02-19 Silas Mason Company Inc Apparatus for rock tunneling
US2164753A (en) * 1938-03-24 1939-07-04 Silas Mason Co Inc Apparatus for tunneling in consolidated material
US2990167A (en) * 1957-10-03 1961-06-27 Joy Mfg Co Loading and disposition of muck in wide tunnels using rail haulage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1095786A (en) * 1910-01-17 1914-05-05 Frank Billings Mining and loading apparatus.
US1081524A (en) * 1911-10-25 1913-12-16 Henry A Recen Tunneling-machine.
US1271197A (en) * 1917-11-28 1918-07-02 American Morgan Company Mining-machine.
US1992129A (en) * 1933-04-03 1935-02-19 Silas Mason Company Inc Apparatus for rock tunneling
US2164753A (en) * 1938-03-24 1939-07-04 Silas Mason Co Inc Apparatus for tunneling in consolidated material
US2990167A (en) * 1957-10-03 1961-06-27 Joy Mfg Co Loading and disposition of muck in wide tunnels using rail haulage

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731976A (en) * 1970-09-14 1973-05-08 Linden Alimak Ab Mining methods using equipment suspended from roof-mounted rails
US4026604A (en) * 1974-09-30 1977-05-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Ground excavating apparatus
US3995905A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-12-07 Consolidation Coal Company Method and apparatus for roof bolting and transferring mined material
US4397582A (en) * 1981-03-31 1983-08-09 Mcdermott Incorporated Method of creating a cold water conduit to be used in ocean thermal energy conversion systems
US5692807A (en) * 1995-08-09 1997-12-02 Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. Highwall mining apparatus
US20040251732A1 (en) * 2003-06-11 2004-12-16 Lowery Sterling Wayne Winch for coal mining system
WO2004110915A3 (en) * 2003-06-11 2005-05-12 Sterling W Lowery Winch for coal mining system
US7594702B2 (en) * 2003-06-11 2009-09-29 Sterling Wayne Lowery Highwall mining system for transporting mined material from a mined hole to an outside area
CN102678113A (zh) * 2011-03-12 2012-09-19 刘素华 耙料破料清面装载机
CN102678113B (zh) * 2011-03-12 2016-03-02 刘素华 耙料破料清面装载机
EP3106608A2 (en) 2015-06-19 2016-12-21 Entreprenørfirmaet Østergaard A/S A tunneling machine and a method of excavating a tunnel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2004040A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-14
DE1913183A1 (de) 1969-11-20
DE1913183B2 (de) 1977-06-23

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