US3573012A - Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3573012A
US3573012A US801020A US3573012DA US3573012A US 3573012 A US3573012 A US 3573012A US 801020 A US801020 A US 801020A US 3573012D A US3573012D A US 3573012DA US 3573012 A US3573012 A US 3573012A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
tubes
straight
furnace
cracking
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Expired - Lifetime
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US801020A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice R Kitzen
Fraser M Wall
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Linde GmbH
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Selas Corp of America
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Assigned to FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION reassignment FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA
Assigned to SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA reassignment SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK
Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C07C4/04—Thermal processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means

Definitions

  • Hydrocarbon feed stocks are cracked by passing them in a straight linear path through elongated externally heated tubes of open cross-section, with a residence time at about 650 C. or higher of less than 0.5 second, preferably less than about .1-.4 second, a pressure drop of about 3-5 p.s.i. per tube, and a tube skin temperature of about 1000 -1200 C.
  • This invention relates to a cracking of hydrocarbon feed stocks and more particularly to a straight-through hydrocarbon cracking apparatus and process which produces a product having enhanced ethylene content.
  • Kitzen patent points out that various problems are overcome, when using a furnace having tubes arranged in a serpentine or coiled path, by using the so-called high severity process, in which the reactants are treated severely and then quenched before they have a chance to reach equilibrium conditions.
  • coils in a high severity type furnace has always been considered highly advantageous because these coils present maximum exposure to heat exchange surface to the source of heat, and provide maximum dwell time for the reactants in the furnace because of the tortuous nature of the path through which the reactants flow.
  • the furnace shown in the drawing has a plurality of elongated straight tubes 10, extending vertically through the combustion zone 11 of the furnace 12. Heat is provided by a multiplicity of spaced apart burners B located on the inner surfaces of the furnace walls 13. Preferably the burners B are located on both opposed front and back walls of the furnace, in a manner to direct heat at opposite faces of each tube.
  • the feed materials are introduced into the upper header 14 and are withdrawn through lower header 15 and pipe 16, to quench.
  • the' tubes in accordance with this invention are straight-through, and are arranged to carry the reaction products once through, and only once, and that the tubes all have open cross-sections. They are not filled with catalysts or any other solid materials, such as the tubes that are referred to in the patent to Fleischer No. 3,062,167, assigned to the assignee hereof.
  • the tubes are subjected to controlled heating so that the inner wall temperature of each tube is substantially constant fromone end of the tube to the other. This is accomplished by the spaced arrangement of the radiant heat burners B and by providing variable firing rate equipment for each burner, along with control means for controlling each firing rate, the latter being well known per se.
  • serpentine tubes provide at least three times as much pressure drop, largely because of the bends, and that great operating improvements are surprisingly obtained in a once-through straight line system according to this invention.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A full series of tests was conducted, using a full range naphtha, at a predetermined throughput rate and at outlet temperatures varying between 740" C. and 840 C.
  • NAPHIHA CRACKING RUNS PRODUCT ANALYSESPERCENT BY WEIGHT Run Number Product! Sum of 0 compounds and lighter 42. 35 48. 65 56. 25 58. 59. 1 61. 1
  • Run Number The number of burners B in operation was varied from 40 (during run 33) to 48 (during run 44), all burners operating at equal burner pressure of approximately 1 atmosphere and burner banks on both sides of the tubes being fired. At the bottom rows, near the outlet, no burners were used except during runs 42 and 43 when two burners were used for each run. When the tube skin temperature approached the maximum allowable temperature of about 1200 C., the two burners at the bottom rows were shut off during run 44.
  • the average actual temperature profiles taken along the lengths of the tubes are shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. In every case, the material residence time in the tubes, during Which the material was at a temperature of 650 C. or above, was less than 0.5 second and even in the range of 0.l0.4 second.
  • Tube skin temperature as referred to herein is intended to indicate the temperature measured at the out- FEED SPECIFICATIONS Test; Number The characteristics of the gas oil feed stock were as follows;
  • Tubes can be from 20-60 in length depending upon process requirements.
  • steam is introduced withthe hydrocarbon feed Steam dilution peroen 780? C. to 800 C. and that at higher temperatures ethpropylene and C production.
  • a pressure drop of 0.5 p.s.i. has been measured.
  • the pressure drop can go up to as high as about 2 p.s.i. during the operation of the apparatus, particularly if some coking is experienced after an extended period of operation.
  • hydrocarbon partial pressure changes as the reaction proceeds and also varies depending upon the amount of dilution steam that is incorporated into the feed. An increased dilution proportion produces more olefins and less methane in the product.
  • the feed stock in accordance with this invention can be essentially any feed stock which is known to be useful for the production of olefins such as ethylene and the like, and includes all the feed stocks referred to in the aforesaid Kitzen Pat. No. 3,353,920.
  • Typical of such feed stocks are gas oils, naphtha, liquid petroleum gas feeds, ethane, protane, butane, etc.
  • a method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed stock comprising feeding said stock in a substantially straight linear path through an elongated tube, maintaining said linear path free of any obstruction, establishing a velocity of feed and a velocity of withdrawal of product, to provide a material residence time in the tube at a temperature above about 650 C. of less than about 0.5 second, maintaining a total pressure drop in the tube from inlet to outlet of about 0.3-5 p.s.i., maintaining a tube skin temperature of about 1000-1200 C. and suddenly quenching. the reaction product as it emerges from the tube.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US801020A 1969-02-20 1969-02-20 Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US3573012A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80102069A 1969-02-20 1969-02-20

Publications (1)

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US3573012A true US3573012A (en) 1971-03-30

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US801020A Expired - Lifetime US3573012A (en) 1969-02-20 1969-02-20 Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons

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US (1) US3573012A (https=)
BE (1) BE745061A (https=)
CA (1) CA928727A (https=)
DE (1) DE2007012A1 (https=)
FR (1) FR2031548B1 (https=)
GB (1) GB1250123A (https=)
NL (1) NL7000741A (https=)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764634A (en) * 1969-04-23 1973-10-09 Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins
US4454839A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-06-19 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Furnace
AU2014350603B2 (en) * 2013-11-15 2017-11-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for steam reforming and for steam cracking of hydrocarbons

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3361118A (en) * 1966-04-08 1968-01-02 Selas Corp Of America Tube heater

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3764634A (en) * 1969-04-23 1973-10-09 Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng Process and apparatus for preparing lower olefins
US4454839A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-06-19 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Furnace
AU2014350603B2 (en) * 2013-11-15 2017-11-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for steam reforming and for steam cracking of hydrocarbons
US10207235B2 (en) * 2013-11-15 2019-02-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for the steam reforming and steam cracking of hydrocarbons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1250123A (https=) 1971-10-20
FR2031548A1 (https=) 1970-11-20
NL7000741A (https=) 1970-08-24
FR2031548B1 (https=) 1974-05-03
DE2007012A1 (de) 1970-09-10
BE745061A (fr) 1970-07-28
CA928727A (en) 1973-06-19

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A 19TH FL.CENTRE SQ WEST

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA;REEL/FRAME:003997/0981

Effective date: 19820217

AS Assignment

Owner name: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004096/0520

Effective date: 19821231

AS Assignment

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY,GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT WIESBADEN, GERMANY A CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523