US3353920A - High severity pyrolysis apparatus - Google Patents
High severity pyrolysis apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3353920A US3353920A US411079A US41107964A US3353920A US 3353920 A US3353920 A US 3353920A US 411079 A US411079 A US 411079A US 41107964 A US41107964 A US 41107964A US 3353920 A US3353920 A US 3353920A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- cracking
- furnace
- products
- high severity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 14
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000276498 Pollachius virens Species 0.000 description 2
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000306729 Ligur Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
Definitions
- This invention relates to high severity pyrolysis .and more particularly to a high severity hydrocarbon cracking apparatus.
- FIG. l is a schematic illustration of one specific form of radiant furnace installation constructed for high se- Verity pyrolysis according to this invention.
- FIGS. 2-6 are graphic illustrations based on actual high severity pyrolysis runs showing the inter-relationship of the operating variables according to this invention.
- the high temperature furnace preferably equipped with gas-fired radiant heating burners 3,353,920 Patented Nov. 21, 1967 ICC as at 2, 2 (a) is itted with serpentine coiled tubes 3 which vpermit the introduction of raw hydrocarbon material at 4 and emit the reaction products in a uent stream at 5.
- the furnace is fitted with thermocouple-containing thermowells at Various positions, TW-l, TW-2, TW-3, 'IW-4 and TW-S.
- steam is introduced into the coiled tubing through a tube6.
- the burners 2 (a) are connected to sources of fuel and combustion supporting medium such, for example, as fuel oil and air. Controls are provided (not shown and conventional per se) for selectively feeding oil plus air (for heating) or air alone (for cooling), and these connections maybe as shown in the patent to Hess No. 2,638,879, for example.
- a predetermined charge rate is established with a feed stock of naphtha, having an initial boiling point range from about 29 C. to about 33 C. and a final boiling point range from about 175 C. to about 205 C.
- the naphtha feed stock is diluted by steam introduced at 6 in Zone A. This step, combined with the other steps in the operation of the apparatus, reduces coking problems associated with the use of the relatively heavy feed stock, naphtha, and breaks up the naphtha into a fog-like mist thereby providing for more uniform heat absorption and additional control of crossover temperature.
- the temperature sensing devices TW-1 and TW-Z are utilized in conjunction with automatic controls (which are conventional per se and are therefore not shown) for adjusting the fuel-air ratio in the feed to the radiant burners 2, thereby producing close control of the heating of the feed stock under an extremely wide range of possible charging rates.
- automatic controls which are conventional per se and are therefore not shown
- the close control of temperature in Zone B is the close control of temperature in Zone B.
- thermowell TW-3 schematically represents the position where the temperature of the feed stock is carefully maintained at about 525 C.
- This temperature hereinafter referred to as the crossover temperature, occurs at a predetermined -point within Zone B, preferably at the transition from the small tubes in Zone B to the larger cross-sectioned serpentine coiled tubes shown entering Zone C.
- the effect of maintaining this crossover temperature upon this high severity pyrolysis process will hereinafter become apparent, when referring to the examples.
- the firebox temperature of Zone C is maintained in a temperature range of from about 1170 C. to about ll80 C.
- residence time refers to the time required for the fluent materials to travel from the approximate point of incipient cracking to the material outlet at the base of the furnace at 5.
- FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are graphs constructed from 'the data presented as indicated.
- the following data variables such as the charge rate of the feed stock, the steam dilution rate, the crossover temperature and the outlet temperature were maintained at essentially constant values for each run.
- the ring of the radiation burners in the different zones of the furnace was closely controlled so as to establish the desired heating curve. In this manner it was possible to record the effect of residence time alone on the yield distribution of the cracked components, especially ethylene, methane and propylene.
- the interrelationship of the residence time and the crossover and outlet temperatures can be graphically seen. In the table (see FIG.
- both the data and the graphs of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show variable outlet temperatures compared to variable feed stock charge rate with other xed experimental conditions.
- the charge rate data was used for convenience here in place of the more conventional residence time characterization. This choice is purely arbitrary and does not affect the signicance of the data.
- Residence time can easily be calculated for the particular furnace chosen for use in the high severity pyrolysis process of this invention. By definition, residence time is the length of time the fluent stream of reactant is exposed to a temperature at or above its incipient cracking temperature. In the case of naphtha, that temperature is about 1100 F. or about 600 C.
- T o calculate the above factors which include a weight term for simplicity and for convenience, the assumption has been made that the average molecular weight of the constituents in the uent stream, including the steam, is equal to the molecular weight of the stream at the crossover temperature point plus the molecular weight at the outlet, divided by two.
- an apparatus for high severity cracking of a hydrocarbon including a furnace section having radiant heating means therein, and having tubing disposed in said furnace section to conduct said hydrocarbon material through said furnace section, said furnace tubing being disposed to receive heat from said radiant heating means, said apparatus having an exhaust section substantially free of radiant heat for exhausting the products of combustion and heat generated in said furnace section and having a preheat section disposed between said furnace section and said exhaust section, the combination which cornprises: preheater tube means disposed in said exhaust section and said preheat section and connected to receive said hydrocarbons from their source and to introduce said hydrocarbons into said furnace tubing, steam tube means extending into said exhaust section and connected to said preheater tube means for introducing steam into said preheater tube means to form a hydrocarbon-steam mixture, radiant heating means located in said preheat section to transfer heat to said preheater tubing means to heat said hydrocarbon-steam mixture to a point above its incipient cracking temperature, control means comprising a temperature sensing means in said exhaust section
Description
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US411079A US3353920A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1964-11-13 | High severity pyrolysis apparatus |
GB35746/65A GB1121528A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-08-20 | High severity pyrolysis apparatus |
DE19651493115 DE1493115A1 (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-10-27 | Selective Cracking Apparatus and Process |
FR36479A FR1451819A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1965-10-28 | Severe pyrolysis process and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US411079A US3353920A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1964-11-13 | High severity pyrolysis apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3353920A true US3353920A (en) | 1967-11-21 |
Family
ID=23627465
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US411079A Expired - Lifetime US3353920A (en) | 1964-11-13 | 1964-11-13 | High severity pyrolysis apparatus |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3353920A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1493115A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1451819A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1121528A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3413217A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1968-11-26 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Steam cooling of alkylate fractionator |
US3922189A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1975-11-25 | Hubertus Carolus Marie Penders | Drying of liqueform materials |
US3970511A (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1976-07-20 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Expolsifs, Antar Petroles De L'atlantique: Antargaz | Process and installation for concentrating dilute solutions of corrosive products |
US4231753A (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-11-04 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Control of a cracking furnace |
US4469587A (en) * | 1983-09-02 | 1984-09-04 | Intevep, S.A. | Process for the conversion of asphaltenes and resins in the presence of steam, ammonia and hydrogen |
US4592827A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1986-06-03 | Intevep, S.A. | Hydroconversion of heavy crudes with high metal and asphaltene content in the presence of soluble metallic compounds and water |
US5078857A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1992-01-07 | Melton M Shannon | Delayed coking and heater therefor |
US5394837A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-03-07 | Tsai; Frank W. | High-efficiency furnace |
US6852294B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2005-02-08 | Conocophillips Company | Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement |
US20060188417A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-24 | Roth James R | Radiant tubes arrangement in low NOx furnace |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2090504A (en) * | 1933-10-09 | 1937-08-17 | Alco Products Inc | Method and apparatus of heating hydrocarbon oils |
US2208123A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1940-07-16 | Solvay Process Co | Process for the manufacture of ethylene |
US2263557A (en) * | 1937-12-30 | 1941-11-25 | Du Pont | Conversion of hydrocarbons |
US2638879A (en) * | 1947-06-30 | 1953-05-19 | Selas Corp Of America | Apparatus for heat treatment of fluent substances |
US2736685A (en) * | 1953-01-02 | 1956-02-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process of petrolatum cracking in liquid and vapor phase |
US2904502A (en) * | 1954-02-19 | 1959-09-15 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of cracking hydrocarbons |
US2917564A (en) * | 1959-01-05 | 1959-12-15 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Hydrocarbon cracking furnace and its operation |
US2994724A (en) * | 1958-08-14 | 1961-08-01 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Cyclodiene dimer vapor phase cracking method and furnace |
US3112880A (en) * | 1962-11-21 | 1963-12-03 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Furnace control |
US3124424A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | high temperature thermal cracking |
-
1964
- 1964-11-13 US US411079A patent/US3353920A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-08-20 GB GB35746/65A patent/GB1121528A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-10-27 DE DE19651493115 patent/DE1493115A1/en active Pending
- 1965-10-28 FR FR36479A patent/FR1451819A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3124424A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | high temperature thermal cracking | ||
US2090504A (en) * | 1933-10-09 | 1937-08-17 | Alco Products Inc | Method and apparatus of heating hydrocarbon oils |
US2208123A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1940-07-16 | Solvay Process Co | Process for the manufacture of ethylene |
US2263557A (en) * | 1937-12-30 | 1941-11-25 | Du Pont | Conversion of hydrocarbons |
US2638879A (en) * | 1947-06-30 | 1953-05-19 | Selas Corp Of America | Apparatus for heat treatment of fluent substances |
US2736685A (en) * | 1953-01-02 | 1956-02-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process of petrolatum cracking in liquid and vapor phase |
US2904502A (en) * | 1954-02-19 | 1959-09-15 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Method of cracking hydrocarbons |
US2994724A (en) * | 1958-08-14 | 1961-08-01 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Cyclodiene dimer vapor phase cracking method and furnace |
US2917564A (en) * | 1959-01-05 | 1959-12-15 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Hydrocarbon cracking furnace and its operation |
US3112880A (en) * | 1962-11-21 | 1963-12-03 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Furnace control |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3413217A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1968-11-26 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Steam cooling of alkylate fractionator |
US3922189A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1975-11-25 | Hubertus Carolus Marie Penders | Drying of liqueform materials |
US3970511A (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1976-07-20 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Expolsifs, Antar Petroles De L'atlantique: Antargaz | Process and installation for concentrating dilute solutions of corrosive products |
US4231753A (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-11-04 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Control of a cracking furnace |
US4592827A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1986-06-03 | Intevep, S.A. | Hydroconversion of heavy crudes with high metal and asphaltene content in the presence of soluble metallic compounds and water |
US4469587A (en) * | 1983-09-02 | 1984-09-04 | Intevep, S.A. | Process for the conversion of asphaltenes and resins in the presence of steam, ammonia and hydrogen |
US5078857A (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1992-01-07 | Melton M Shannon | Delayed coking and heater therefor |
US5394837A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-03-07 | Tsai; Frank W. | High-efficiency furnace |
US6852294B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2005-02-08 | Conocophillips Company | Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement |
US20050098477A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2005-05-12 | Doerksen Brian J. | Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement |
US7524411B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2009-04-28 | Conocophillips Company | Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement |
US20060188417A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-24 | Roth James R | Radiant tubes arrangement in low NOx furnace |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1493115A1 (en) | 1969-03-06 |
FR1451819A (en) | 1966-01-07 |
GB1121528A (en) | 1968-07-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A 19TH FL.CENTRE SQ WEST Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA;REEL/FRAME:003997/0981 Effective date: 19820217 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004096/0520 Effective date: 19821231 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT WIESBADEN, GERMANY A CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552 Effective date: 19830523 Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY,GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552 Effective date: 19830523 |