US3572078A - Variable orifice, zero friction draw die - Google Patents

Variable orifice, zero friction draw die Download PDF

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Publication number
US3572078A
US3572078A US649975A US3572078DA US3572078A US 3572078 A US3572078 A US 3572078A US 649975 A US649975 A US 649975A US 3572078D A US3572078D A US 3572078DA US 3572078 A US3572078 A US 3572078A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
die
peripheries
disc
workpiece
dies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US649975A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clifford F Kennedy
Thomas M Shelton
Hugh N Chu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing North American Inc
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North American Rockwell Corp
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/06—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with adjustable section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/08—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof with section defined by rollers, balls, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/16—Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction
    • B21C37/18—Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction conical tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B21/00—Pilgrim-step tube-rolling, i.e. pilger mills

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tapering elongated workpieces, and more specifically to tapering tubular or solid rod workpieces by drawing them through a variable die orifice.
  • variable draw die orifice arrangement e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,240,045 to Sellars et al.
  • a plurality cylindrical rollers having variable depth die grooves formed on one end.
  • the cylinders are arranged so their grooves coact to constitute a variable die orifice.
  • the cylindrical axes are eccentric relative to the die orifice resulting in poor force distribution, the need for complex gearing, severe vibrations, and potential disruption.
  • Arranging the dies to fully circumscribe the workpiece results in sliding between the cylinders with concomitant severe friction. As opposed to rolling contact, this sliding con tact hampers high quality tapering.
  • the instant invention is a variable die orifice tapering arrangement for tapering tubular or solid rod workpieces.
  • At least three circular disc dies are arranged equiangularly with their circumferences identically contoured with variable depth die peripheries.
  • the die peripheries may be generally flat or concave.
  • the edges of the die peripheries are aligned contiguously to constitute a variable die orifice.
  • the planes of the discs intersect in a mutual straight line that passes through the die orifice center.
  • the discs are rotated synchronously to impart the desired taper to the workpiece.
  • the discs are driven by separate and simultaneously movable shafts.
  • the discs are formed with bevel gears that intermesh so that rotary movement of one disc rotates the other discs through the same motion.
  • the workpiece is pulled through the die orifice at a speed equivalent to the rotary speeds of the discs so that zero friction results between the die and the workpiece. This zero friction eliminates the risk of galling.
  • FIG. 1 is a front and partially fragmented view showing a variable draw die assembly including four disc dies
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective and exploded view showing one disc die and gearing for rotating the disc die;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the junction of the four disc dies shown in FIG. 1 that defines the variable orifice;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a section of a workpiece tapered by the device shown in FIG. ll;
  • FIG. 5 is a front and partially fragmented view of another variable draw die assembly having three disc dies
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a section of a workpiece tapered by the device shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an assembly for tapering a continuous supply of workpiece under zero friction conditions.
  • FIG. 1 shows the essential components of a variable draw die assembly 12 constituting one embodiment of this invention.
  • Draw die assembly 12 incorporates four parallel equally spaced racks that may be fixed to a common support frame (not shown).
  • the teeth of racks 20 intermesh with the teeth of four identical spur gears 25.
  • Spur gears are arranged so that the plane of each gear perpendicularly intersects the planes of its two adjacent gears.
  • each spur gear 25 is rigidly connected to a drive shaft by way of a bearing 32.
  • each drive shaft 30 At the opposite end of each drive shaft 30 is a bearing 34 for connecting each shaft 30 to a circular disc die 40.
  • Two of the four disc dies 41 and 43 lie in the same plane and in a similar manner the other two discs 45 and &7 lie in the same plane, the planes being mutually perpendicular.
  • FIG. 3 which is an enlarged view of the junction of disc dies 40 the circumference of each disc die l0 converges outwardly terminating in a tapered periphery 52.
  • a concave die periphery 55 that curves through and an arc of 90.
  • Individual die peripheries 55 are aligned contiguously to constitute a die orifice 56, which, as will be explained, is variable in size to taper a workpiece to the desired configuration.
  • Die orifice 56 substantially fully circumscribes workpiece 60, i.e., the gaps between adjacent die peripheries 55 are negligible.
  • the discs at) are designed to rotate synchronously which may be accomplished by simultaneous movement of the racks 20 or alternatively by movement of the die assembly carriage (not shown) over stationary racks. During this rotation the tapered peripheries 52 of adjacent discs 40 make smooth rolling contact with one another.
  • the die peripheries 55 are contoured identically, varying from maximum to minimum depths.
  • the minimum depth portions of all the die peripheries 55 constitute a die orifice 56 for deforming tube 60 to a minimum diameter.
  • the maximum depths are diametrically opposite the minimum depths.
  • the discs 40 are equiangularly spaced and their planes intersect in a mutual straight line that passes through the center of die orifice 56. The angular spacing between adjacent discs need not be equal.
  • the die peripheries 55 need not be constantly tapered over the entire circumference of the discs 40 but in fact may be of constant depths for certain segments and may also have portions of stepped contouring.
  • the workpiece being tapered is subjected to biaxial forces, i.e., tensile force along its axis and compressive force exerted by the disc dies against its outer periphery.
  • the workpiece may be precut to a length which is identical to the circumferential distances of the disc dies. In this case a single cycle of simultaneous rotation by the disc dies would totally taper the workpiece to the desired shape. After one cycle the finished workpiece could be removed and replaced by another precut workpiece.
  • the die peripheries could be characterized by a repeated pattern so that a plurality of identical workpiece segments could be made during a complete revolution of the dies.
  • FIG. 1 Another tube tapering arrangement made in accordance with this invention as shown in FIG. includes three circular disc dies 61, 62 and 63 that are equiangularly spaced from one another at 120.
  • the planes of the discs intersect in a mutual straight line that coincides with the axis of a die orifice 65.
  • the circumferences of the disc dies have tapered peripheries 67 which are inclined at 60 to the planes of the disc dies. Adjacent tapered peripheries may be sloped at any suitable inclination so long as they add up to 120.
  • Centrally formed on the circumferences of the discs are substantially identical flat die peripheries 68.
  • Flat die peripheries 68 are identically tapered to form tapered workpieces such as workpiece 69 shown in FIG. 6 that has a triangular cross section. Die peripheries 68 are aligned contiguously and combine to constitute variable die orifice 65. It should be noted that the number of flat walls of the tapered workpiece may be dictated by the number of disc dies used. For example, any desired polygonal shape may be formed such as an octagonal cross section if eight disc dies were used. For some applications, it may be economical or otherwise desirable to dispose a mandrel within a hollow workpiece to define the interior wall of a completed workpiece. However, when the workpiece is held in tension the need for using a mandrel as a support against flattening and rupturing is eliminated.
  • the outer sections of the circumferences of the discs are formed with bevel gears 71.
  • Bevel gears 71 of adjacent discs intermesh so that rotation of any one disc automatically produces simultaneous and synchronous movement of the other two discs.
  • Rotary movement of drive shaft 73 transmits rotary motion to disc 63 which in turn automatically rotates discs 61 and 62 thereby achieving the synchronous rotation.
  • the rack and plural drive shaft assembly disclosed in FIG. 1 could be used in the disc die assembly shown in FIG. 5.
  • the four disc dies of FIG. 1 could be formed with intermeshing beveled gears so as to achieve synchronous rotation.
  • the die peripheries are either concave or fiat, it is possible that the die peripheries in a single die pattern may be different, i.e., in the case of four disc dies, oppositely facing pairs may be fiat and concave to form an irregular cross section.
  • the prior art problem of digging into the workpiece by edges of the die peripheries is avoided.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a tapering system for tapering a continuously supplied workpiece 81 as distinguished from tapering precut workpiece sections as described above.
  • the tubular or solid rod workpiece 81 to be tapered is spirally wound and upon a supply reel 83 from which workpiece 81 is pulled by a friction head draw mechanism 85.
  • Workpiece 81 is first drawn through a pretensioning device 87 that may, for example, be a hydraulically actuated pair of pretension blocks that frictionally engage workpiece 81 from opposing sides.
  • the programmed tension may be monitored and regulated by a suitable regulator 89 which may include a conventional strain gauge system for measuring the tension.
  • a suitable regulator 89 which may include a conventional strain gauge system for measuring the tension.
  • the workpiece is pulled through a variable die orifice assembly 91 which includes at least three synchronously disc dies such as those described in conjunction with FIGS. 1 or 5. Die assembly 91, rather than being slid or moved by a carriage, remain stationary. Thus workpiece 81 moves relative to stationary die assembly 91.
  • Die assembly 91 is powered by a single drive shaft 95 connected to a gear box drive 99.
  • draw mechanism is operated by a drive shaft 97 that is also connected to gear box drive 99.
  • the rotations of shafts and 97 are correlated by gear box drive 99 so that the speed at which workpiece 81 is pulled by draw mechanism 85 is always identical with the rotational speeds of discs 92.
  • With the linear speed of that portion of workpiece 81 which is being tapered made identical with the rotational speeds of the plural die peripheries, all sliding and rubbing is eliminated and therefore zero friction is achieved.
  • the chief advantage of this is the elimination of galling.
  • the tapered workpiece egressing from draw mechanism 85 passes through a conventional saw.
  • the saw is designed to sever the tapered workpiece 81 into predetermined segments.
  • Apparatus for tapering elongated workpieces comprising:
  • die peripheries formed on the circumferences of the disc dies wherein the die peripheries constitute a substantially uninterrupted die orifice and the planes of the disc dies intersect in a mutual straight line that passes through die orifice center;
  • rotating means for synchronously rotating the disc dies when the workpiece is being tapered
  • each disc die is formed with beveled peripheries on opposite sides of th die peripheries, the beveled peripheries of adjacent dies being in rolling contact.
  • the rotating means comprises beveled gears formed on the beveled peripheries, the adjacent beveled gears being intermeshed so that rotary movement of one disc rotates the other discs.
  • rotary means comprises a drive shaft connected to each disc die, all of the drive shafts being connected to a common actuator capable of rotating the drive shafts simultaneously.
  • Apparatus for tapering elongated workpieces comprismg:
  • die peripheries of substantially identical variable-depth contouring formed on the circumference of the disc dies wherein the die peripheries constitute a substantially uninterrupted die orifice and the planes of the disc dies intersect in a mutual straight line located in the center of the die orifice;
  • rotating means for synchronizing the rotations of the disc dies when the workpiece is being tapered

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
US649975A 1967-06-29 1967-01-29 Variable orifice, zero friction draw die Expired - Lifetime US3572078A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US64997567A 1967-06-29 1967-06-29

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US (1) US3572078A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1752657A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1571150A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1225995A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3668916A (en) * 1970-01-19 1972-06-13 Wean Ind Inc Drawing of metal tubing
RU2337773C1 (ru) * 2007-02-22 2008-11-10 Государственное общеобразовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский государственный технический университет - УПИ" Роликовая волока
RU2453387C1 (ru) * 2010-12-29 2012-06-20 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента Б.Н. Ельцина" Роликовая волока для производства круглых труб
US9481024B1 (en) * 2013-03-21 2016-11-01 Davor Petricio Yaksic Pipe joining
US10035179B2 (en) 2014-10-23 2018-07-31 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Apparatus and method for the continuous and progressive shaping of metal strips to give a profile with longitudinally varying cross section

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US281978A (en) * 1883-07-24 Rolling-mill
US324867A (en) * 1885-08-25 Rolling-mill
US1891904A (en) * 1927-09-12 1932-12-27 George E Barnhart Tube drawing machine
US2019081A (en) * 1931-10-27 1935-10-29 Koppel Rudolf Heinrich Universal rolling mill
US2145125A (en) * 1936-10-06 1939-01-24 Mark E Moore Can forming machine
US3044331A (en) * 1959-01-05 1962-07-17 Dalmine Spa Device for drawing or rolling, especially for the production of frustoconically shaped bodies and the like
US3240045A (en) * 1962-10-15 1966-03-15 Prec Sheet Metal Inc Arrangement for contouring tubes
US3360974A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-01-02 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for treating metal

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US281978A (en) * 1883-07-24 Rolling-mill
US324867A (en) * 1885-08-25 Rolling-mill
US1891904A (en) * 1927-09-12 1932-12-27 George E Barnhart Tube drawing machine
US2019081A (en) * 1931-10-27 1935-10-29 Koppel Rudolf Heinrich Universal rolling mill
US2145125A (en) * 1936-10-06 1939-01-24 Mark E Moore Can forming machine
US3044331A (en) * 1959-01-05 1962-07-17 Dalmine Spa Device for drawing or rolling, especially for the production of frustoconically shaped bodies and the like
US3240045A (en) * 1962-10-15 1966-03-15 Prec Sheet Metal Inc Arrangement for contouring tubes
US3360974A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-01-02 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for treating metal

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3668916A (en) * 1970-01-19 1972-06-13 Wean Ind Inc Drawing of metal tubing
RU2337773C1 (ru) * 2007-02-22 2008-11-10 Государственное общеобразовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский государственный технический университет - УПИ" Роликовая волока
RU2453387C1 (ru) * 2010-12-29 2012-06-20 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента Б.Н. Ельцина" Роликовая волока для производства круглых труб
US9481024B1 (en) * 2013-03-21 2016-11-01 Davor Petricio Yaksic Pipe joining
US10035179B2 (en) 2014-10-23 2018-07-31 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Apparatus and method for the continuous and progressive shaping of metal strips to give a profile with longitudinally varying cross section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1225995A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-24
FR1571150A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-13
DE1752657A1 (de) 1971-05-19

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