US3566582A - Mass contact between media of different densities - Google Patents

Mass contact between media of different densities Download PDF

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US3566582A
US3566582A US813634A US3566582DA US3566582A US 3566582 A US3566582 A US 3566582A US 813634 A US813634 A US 813634A US 3566582D A US3566582D A US 3566582DA US 3566582 A US3566582 A US 3566582A
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chamber
droplets
vortex
water
air
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Eugene S Yankura
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Entoleter Inc
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Entoleter Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/102—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components wherein the vortex is created by two or more jets introduced tangentially in separate mixing chambers or consecutively in the same mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/104—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components characterised by the arrangement of the discharge opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/104—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components characterised by the arrangement of the discharge opening
    • B01F25/1041—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components characterised by the arrangement of the discharge opening the mixing chamber being vertical with the outlet tube at its upper side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/753—Discharging at the upper side of the receptacle, e.g. by pressurising the liquid in the receptacle or by centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/919—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/9191—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component

Definitions

  • the one of said media that is of lesser density is caused to obtain a vortical flow pattern, by means of a circular vaned chamber.
  • the second medium, the one having the greater density is entrained in said How pattern in particulate form, and is thereby caused to form a dense cloud of particles within said vortical flow.
  • An upper limit on particle size within the cloud is established by the diameter of the chamber, and by an apertured wall construction therefor, whereby oversize particles are caused to migrate outwardly from the chamber under the influence of centrifugal force.
  • the present invention relates to the field of mass contact between two or more media.
  • Mass contact between a plurality of media is utilized for many purposes, such as to transfer material, or physical or chemical energy between the media.
  • These transfer functions are exemplified by such illustrations as the scrubbing of dust laden gas by contact with water, humidifying air by contact with water, distillation of volatile components of a liquid by contact with a gas, heating or cooling a gas by contact with a liquid of higher or lower temperature, and the chemical reaction of a gaseous material with a liquid material by contact therebetween.
  • mass contact is also utilized where contact between two media is designed to effect only a change in one medium, as where one of the media is a catalyst for the reaction of one or more components in the other medium.
  • a primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a mode of mass contact between two or more media that is highly efficient, and that makes such mode of contact available for purposes for which it has heretofore not been practical. It is known, for example, to scrub a gas by passing it through a chamber having a water spray, to react a gas with a liquid by bubbling the gas through the liquid, to distill volatiles from a liquid by a countercurrent flow of the liquid against a gas in a fractionation tower, and to effect catalytic reactions by passing a gaseous reactant material through a bed of catalytic powder or granules. All of the foregoing procedures suffer from inefficient mass contact because the area of surface contact between the two media is small compared with the volumes or masses of the media involved.
  • mass contact is effected by establishing a vortical flow of a fluid medium, and entraining minute particles of a second medium in the first medium.
  • the first medium may be air
  • the second medium may be Water
  • the contact may be for the purpose of scrubbing, humidifying, heating, or cooling the air.
  • cloud droplets are propelled by forces established by the vortical air flow, but because of inertia and the relative densities of the materials, the air moves at a greater rate than the water particles and therefore can be viewed as passing through the cloud or mist.
  • the water particles move generally with the vortical air flow, a particle size distribution of droplets tends to develop across the vortex, with the smallest particles seeking the center of the vortex, the largest particles seeking the periphery, and a particle size gradient between these two extremes.
  • This distribution is effected by the competing forces of centripetal drag caused by the air flow, and centrifugal force imparted by the circular motion of the vortex.
  • Each droplet seeks the orbit at which the centripetal and centrifugal forces acting on it are balanced, while working its way axially along the 'vortical flow.
  • the conditions of operation so that the vortex has as large a diameter as is required to provide balanced orbits for the largest droplets encounter, or define the conditions of operation so that droplets exceeding a given size are promptly broken up to smaller sizes.
  • relatively large droplets have a relatively small surface to volume ratio, and therefore present a relatively inefficient mass contact property.
  • the basic design of the vortex system is selected to afford a maximum of smaller droplet sizes, with the small end of the size distribution being limited by the size range at which the droplets would simply be carried to the eye of the vortex and away with the air flow. It is inefficient and impractical to design the vortex system with a diameter large enough to accommodate the larger particle sizes.
  • the problem of oversize droplet population of the cloud is remedied in a manner entirely differently than has heretofore been suggested.
  • the concept of the present invention is to withdraw and discard .the oversize droplets from the region of vortex operation.
  • vortical mass contact systems utilize a cylindrical vortex generating chamber.
  • the circular Wall of the chamber is provided with louvers oriented to impart a tangential component to the air entering the chamber, and the air exits through a central opening at one end of the cylindrical chamber.
  • air forced through this chamber is caused to flow in a vortical path, and the water droplets entrained in this flow are caused to establish the orbiting and axial pattern of movement hereinabove described.
  • the circular wall of the chamber confines the oversize droplets within the chamber, and these accumulate adjacent the chamber louvered wall until they are broken into smaller droplets by the incoming air.
  • this operation results in a disproportionate consumption of energy, and is disruptive to efficient operation of the vortical system with respect to the droplet size range for which the system is designed.
  • the oversize droplets and any resultant accumulation of water along with the louver wall is caused to pass outwardly of the vortex chamber through apertures provided in the chamber wall for this purpose.
  • the apertures in the vortex chamber wall not only function to relieve the chamber of oversize droplets, but also function to relieve the vortex cloud of any localized excessive accumulation of water. Occasionally, perturbations in the system cause a slugging condition in the cloud, where a portion of the cloud obtains a higher concentration of water than another portion of the cloud.
  • the aforementioned apertures function to relieve such concentration differences, and generally can be considered to dampen this slugging effect.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide for efiicient mass contact between two media having substantially different densities.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide for efficient mass contact between a continuous phase fluid medium and a second medium in discontinous phase particulate form.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide for efficient mass contact between a continuous phase fluid medium and a second medium in discontinuous phase particulate form, utilizing a vortical flow of the continuous phase fluid and suspending particles of the second medium therein.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide for the suspension of particles of a first medium in the vortical flow of a second medium, and to provide further for the removal of particles exceeding a selected size from said flow.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a one-stage embodiment of a mass contact apparatus utilizing the principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of said embodiment taken along the line 33 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of said embodiment taken along the line 4-4- of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of said embodiment taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is an isolated perspective view of a fragment of a vane assembly utilized in the practice of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged top plan vie-w of the fragment of vane assembly of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of the embodiment schematically illustrating the mode of operation of the system
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention, illustrating one form of a two-stage system
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional View of the embodiment of FIG. 9, taken along the line 1010 thereof;
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged detailed view of a vane element employed in the present embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged detailed view of a modified vane element employed in certain forms of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view of an additional embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 through 7 illustrate a single stage mass contact system in the form of a gas or air scrubber, which has the following basic units: an input scroll or volute 21, surrounding a louvered vortex generating chamber 41, which opens upwardly into an expansion chamber 61, which in turn opens upwardly into a stack 81.
  • the louvered vortex generating chamber 41 is generally cylindrical in shape, having a closed bottom 42, and a central opening 43 in its upper end.
  • a generally circular louvered wall 44 is formed by a number of vanes 45 arranged in a circular configuration.
  • the louvered wall 44 is formed only by the vanes 45, with adjacent vanes providing the louver openings 46 therebetween, and no wall structure other than these vanes is used to define the circular structure of the vortex chamber 41.
  • At the top of chamber 41 there is an inwardly extending flange or lip 47, and a second inwardly extending lip is provided by annulus 48.
  • the inner rim of annulus 48 extends farther inwardly of the chamber 41 than does the lip 47, although the outer part of annulus 48 overlaps a portion of lip 47.
  • Annulus 48 is spaced upwardly from lip 47 by the mounting posts 49.
  • the inner rims of lip 47 and annulus 48 define the opening 43 in the upper end of the cylindrical chamber 4-1.
  • Input scroll or volute 21 surrounds the cylindrical wall 44 of the vortex chamber 41, and extends the full height of the vortex chamber so as to encompass the entire louver structure thereof.
  • the outer wall 22 of the input scroll defines a spiral starting with a zero point at 23 and continuing circumambiently around the vortex chamber 41 with a continuously decreasing radius, until the outer wall 22 attains its closest relation to the louver wall 44 when it returns to a point almost corresponding to the zero point of the scroll.
  • Opening 43 connects the upper end of the vortex chamber 41 with expansion chamber 61.
  • Expansion chamber 61 has a cylindrical portion 62 that surrounds the opening 43, and has a diameter substantially greater than that of the chamber 41, and above the cylindrical portion the expansion chamber wall tapers inwardly at 63 to connect with stack 81.
  • a fan 82 is located in the stack conduit to draw gas or air into the mouth 24 of the scroll 21, through the scroll, through the louver openings 46 into the vortex chamber 41, through the opening 43 in the top of the vortex chamber, through the expansion chamber 61, and into the stack 81.
  • a water inlet pipe 25 enters through the top of the volute 21 at a point near its intake mouth 24.
  • a shelf 26 is positioned in the volute 21 substantially midway between its top and bottom, and extends completely around the circular periphery of the vortex chamber 41.
  • a water drain pipe 26' is located in the bottom wall 27 of the scroll chamber 21 at the end of the volute, within a water trap formed by the deflector walls 28.
  • a second water drain pipe 64 is located in the bottom wall 65 of the expansion chamber 61.
  • the area of the mouth 24 of the scroll 21 is approximately equal to the sum of the areas defined by the louver openings 46 between the vanes, and the effect of the scroll is to cause a balanced or equal air flow through the openings 46 for all points around the vortex chamber.
  • Water is injected into this air flow through inlet pipe 25. Some of the water is broken up into droplets of various sizes directly by the action of the gas flow, and some forms a flowing film along the top of shelf 26 and along the side wall 22 of the scroll, as indicated at 30. This water film eventually finds its way between the inner edge of the shelf and the vanes into the lower section of the scroll, where again, some of it is broken up into droplets of various sizes, and some of it accummulates on the bottorn and side wall of the scroll as a flowing film indicated by numeral 31. When the water film 31 reaches the end of the scroll, it is trapped by deflectors 28 and drained ofl' via pipe 26.
  • the suspended droplets in the upper and lower sections of scroll 21 are of various sizes, but for illustration, the smaller range of sizes are denoted by dots 50, and the larger range by small circles 29.
  • the centrifugal force of the circular flow causes the larger drops 29 to move outwardly against the side wall 22, and there join the flowing films of water 30 or 31.
  • the smaller size range of droplets 50 are carried inwardly by the air flow and through the vane openings 46. Some of these droplets may be further reduced in size by reaction with the vanes.
  • These smaller droplets 50 enter the vortical flow of the air in chamber 41, and seek to distribute themselves in size related orbits and move upwardly through chamber 41, as previously explained.
  • the air flows through the cloud of droplets, and in this process is brought into intimate and extensive contact with the water droplets.
  • the dust contained in the air is collected and removed by the water, the larger dust particles being removed simply by centrifugal action in the scroll 21 and collected by the films 30 and 31, and the finer dust particles being collected by the dense mist of fine droplets 50 in the vortex chamber 41.
  • the scrubbing efliciency of the system of course depends in part on the ability to sustain a dense mist of droplets whose particle size range is closely related to that of the dust in the air being scrubbed.
  • the eflluent water from drains 26' and 64' may, if desired, be filtered or otherwise separated from the dust, and circulated back to the system through inlet pipe 25.
  • a droplet size gradient tends to become established across the cloud in the vortex chamber 41, with smaller particles traveling in orbits closer to the center of the chamber, and larger droplets traveling in orbits farther from the center. Also, as the droplets change size, both increasing and decreasing, by reaction with the air flow and collision, and as new droplets seek their appropriate orbits, there is a con tinuous migration of droplets inwardly and outwardly relative to the center of the chamber 41. Through reagglomeration of droplets, a small percentage of droplets are formed in the vortex cloud whose appropriate orbit, where centrifugal and centripetal forces would be balanced under the conditions of air flow established, is at a diameter larger than that aflorded by the louvered wall 44.
  • these large droplets 29 are permitted to migrate outwardly through the louver wall 44 into the scroll chamber 21, where they may continue their outward migration to the scroll wall 22 and join water films 30 or 31; or they be broken up into smaller droplets by the air flow, and once again carried back into the vortex chamber 41.
  • the slots 52 are located at a position on their respective vanes 45 where they can be reached by a spiral outward movement of droplets, without obstruction from an upstream vane; and once through the aperture, these droplets can continue movement outwardly into the scroll chamber 21 without obstruction from a downstream vane. Obviously, not all of these outwardly migrating oversize droplets arrive at the apertures 52. Some hit non-aperture portions of the vanes and form a film on the vanes which is broken again into droplets and carried back into the vortex chamber by the in-rushing air entering between the vanes 45. The proportion of aperture to non-aperture area will vary for optimum operation, depending upon all the other parameters of the system.
  • Each vane 45 is formed with a second aperture 53.
  • This aperture appears to play little if any role in relieving the vortex chamber of its oversize water droplets; but rather, it appears that the apertures 53 reduce the drag on the air caused by the vanes, by breaking the vacuum that would otherwise develop on the downstream side of each vane.
  • both apertures 52 and 53 assist in disintegrating droplets of water as they are carried past the vanes through the louver openings 46 into the vortex chamber 41.
  • shelf 26 vertically dividing the scroll chamber 21 is optional. With a shallow depth vortex chamber and scroll chamber, there is no purpose to the shelf, and it is normally omitted. However, when the vortex and scroll chambers are deep, the input air is caused to undergo a toroidal twist when deflected in a circular path by the outer scroll wall 22, and this twist affects the vortex generated in the vortex chamber 41, causing uneven distribution of the water droplets circularly around the cloud, and resulting in irregularities and inefilciencies in operation of the system. The shelf 26 substantially eliminates this problem. Obviously, if the depth of the vortex chamber and scroll chamber were increased still further, it would become advantageous to utilize additional spaced shelves in the scroll chamber to divide its depth into more than two levels.
  • each louver vane is skewed along its vertical axis so that the bottom end 54 is turned to a position more nearly tangent to the vortex chamber circular configuration than is the top end 55 of the louver vane. A gradual transition between the two positions is obtained by a twist or skew in the vanes along their vertical axes.
  • the radial depth of the cloud is controlled in large measure by the inwardly extending lip overhanging the top of the vortex chamber, embodied in lip 47 and annulus 48.
  • the innermost extent of the overhang i.e. the inner circle of annulus 48, essentially establishes the depth of the cloud, at least in the upper region of the vortex chamber 41.
  • the first stage is identical to that already described, and comprises the input scroll chamber 21, the louvered vortex generating chamber 41, and expansion chamber 61.
  • the expansion chamber 61 includes only the cylindrical portion 62, the tapered portion 63 being eliminated.
  • the second stage is stacked on top of the first stage expansion chamber, and it includes an annular input chamber 101, surrounding a louvered vortex generating chamber 111, which has a central top opening feeding into the expansion chamber 121, and the upper portion of the expansion chamber tapers to connect with a stack 131 containing the fan 141 for driving the two stage system.
  • the structure and operation of the vortex generating chamber 111, the expansion chamber 121, and the stack 131 are substantially identical to the corresponding units 41, 61, and 81 shown in the one stage system of FIG. 2, so further description thereof is unnecessary.
  • the input chamber 101 of FIG. 9 is different from the input chamber 21 of FIG. 2.
  • the input chamber 101 is annular with a circular outer wall 102, instead of being a spiral scroll.
  • the air inlet to the input chamber 101 is a louvered bottom wall 103, occupying the entire annular area of the input chamber.
  • This louvered air inlet is formed by a series of vanes 104, with the axis of each vane oriented radially across the bottom of annular chamber 101, and each is angled upwardly at a pitch between horizontal and vertical.
  • air drawn through the first stage enters the second stage in distributed fashion through the louvered inlet bottom wall 103.
  • further circular energy is imparted to the air by the angle of louvers 104 as the air is drawn upwardly into the inlet chamber 101 of the second stage.
  • This air thus circulates in the inlet chamber 101 and is drawn spirally into the vortex chamber 111 through its louvers 112.
  • the flow oi; air through the vortex chamber 111 and the expansion chamber 121 in the second stage is the same as described above in ralation to the corresponding chambers in the first stage.
  • water is introduced into the second stage air inlet chamber through pipe 105 in the same manner as in the first stage.
  • the circular air flow distributes the added water over the bottom 103 of the inlet chamber 101, and the rates of air flow and water feed are selected so that the upward component of the air flow prevents all but very little of this water from descending through the louver bottom 103 into the first stage. That water that does descend, and is not broken up into droplets and carried back into the second stage, is collected with the water accumulation 64 in the first stage expansion chamber and removed by drain 64.
  • the air flowing into the second stage inlet chamber 101 reacts with the water accumulated on the louvered bottom 103, to entrain droplets and carry them into the vortex chamber 111.
  • a dense cloud or mist of water droplets is established in the vortical flow of chamber 111, in the same manner as in the first stage.
  • the water droplets are removed from the entraining air and are collected in the expansion chamber, and the collected water is removed through the drain 122.
  • the effect of the second stage is, of course, the same as the first stage, in that it provides for intimate and elficient mass contact between the water droplets and the air, to scrub the air and remove dust or other foreign matter therefrom.
  • the structure of the vortex chamber 111 and its apertured vaned louver wall tend to provide a similar droplet size gradient, and permit the same outward escape of the oversize droplets as in chamber 41, to afford the same dense, uniform and eificient mass contact cloud of droplets.
  • each stage of the multistage system operates substantially independently, and the mass contact relationship is always co-current in effect.
  • the water drained from outlet 122 from expansion chamber 121 in the second stage of the two stage embodiment can be utilized as the water input feed of the first stage through water inlet 25. In this manner, countercurrent operation would be effected as between the series of stages of a multistage system.
  • the water can be introduced in the center of the vortex chamber adjacent the bottom wall, instead of being introduced into the scroll chamber.
  • This modification is illustrated in FIG. 13, where the water input pipe 25' enters the system through the bottom wall 42 of vortex chamber 41, in the center thereof.
  • a deflector cap 25a is provided over the pipe 25' to direct the water flow outwardly across the bottom wall 42.
  • the film of Water on the bottom of the vortex is driven in an outward spiral path by the air flow in the chamber, and water droplets are picked up from this film of Water to form the cloud of droplets in the vortex chamber.
  • any excess Water passes out into the air intake scroll through the apertures in the vortex chamber vanes 45, where some is converted to droplets and entrained in the incoming air, while the remainder fiows into the scroll drain.
  • the cloud formed in the vortex chamber ascends with the vertical air flow, and seeks to establish the orbital pattern and inward and outward droplet migration previously described.
  • the apertures in vanes 45 relieve the vortex chamber of oversize droplets and excess water in the cloud.
  • the mass contact system shown in FIG. l3 functions in the same manner as the previously described embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 9, except for the manner by which one obtains the initial entrainment of water droplets in the air flow.
  • the relief of water outwardly from the vortex chamber into the air inlet scroll not only improves the cloud contact efficiency as previously described, but in addition, the water thus passed outwardly functions to flush the vanes and the air inlet scroll walls clean of accumulated dust and sludge.
  • the air inlet scroll chamber and the outer portions of the vanes would all be dry or only damp, and dust and sludge accumulations would result in blockage and breakdown of the system's operation.
  • skewing the vortex chamber vanes along their vertical axes is used to establish a substantially uniform annular cloud depth along the axis of the vortical cloud.
  • Appropriate skewing of these vanes can be used for accomplishing other cloud configurations. For example, if one skews these vanes oppositely than as above-described, i.e. to provide a greater radial component to the air flow at the bottom than at the top of the vortex chamber, the vortical cloud can be forced into a configuration where it has a large annular thickness at the bottom that tapers outwardly to essentially no thickness at the top of the vortex chamber.
  • a method of effecting mass contact between a first material in continuous phase and a second material in discontinuous phase particulate form having a substantially greater density than said first material comprising feeding said first material into a generally cylindrical chamber having a louvered wall of substantially circular overall configuration with louver surfaces oriented at an angle between orthogonal and tangent to said circular confiuration, said chamber having an exit port at one end, said first material being fed into said chamber through said louvered wall and being caused by said louver surfaces to flow spirally in said chamber to said exit port, entraining said second material in said flow of said first material, whereby centrifugal and centripetal forces are imparted to the particles of said second material in said chamber, and increasing the net average centripetal force of said entrained particles by removing particles of said second material having a high net centrifugal force outwardly from said chamber through said louvred wall.
  • a method of effecting mass contact between a first material in continuous phase and a second material in discontinuous phase particulate form having a substantially greater density than said first material comprising feeding said first material into a generally cylindrical chamber having a louvered wall of substantially circular overall configuration with louver vanes oriented at an angle between orthogonal and tangent to said circular configuration, said chamber having an exit port at one end, and said vanes having apertures therethrough, said first material being fed into said chamber through said louvered wall and being caused by said vanes to flow spirally in said chamber to said exit port, entraining said second material in said flow of said first material, whereby centrifugal and centripetal forces are imparted to the particles of said second material in said chamber, and relieving the chamber of particles of said second material having a high net centrifugal vector force by passage thereof from the interior to the exterior of said chamber through said apertures in said vanes.
  • a method of effecting mass contact between a first material in continuous phase and a second material in discontinuous phase particulate form having a substantially greater density than said first material comprising feeding said first material into a generally cylindrical chamber having a louvered wall of substantially circular overall configuration with louver vanes oriented at an angle between orthogonal and tangent to said circular configuration, said chamber having an exit port at one end, and said vanes having apertures therethrough, said first material being fed into said chamber through said louvered wall and being caused by said vanes to flow spirally in said chamber to said exit port, entraining said second material in said flow of said first material, whereby centrifugal and centripetal forces are imparted to the particles of said second material in said chamber, relieving the chamber of particles of said second material having a high net centrifugal vector force by passage thereof from the interior to the exterior of said chamber through said apertures in said vanes, and increasing the average ratio of centrifugal force to centripetal force imparted to the particles of said second material as they traverse
  • a mass contact apparatus comprising a substantially cylindrical chamber having a peripheral louvered wall of substantially circular overall configuration and having louver vanes oriented at an angle between orthogonal and tangent to said circular configuration and extending axially of said chamber, said vanes having apertures therethrough, whereby particles of a circulating mass of material contained in said chamber having a high net centrifugal vector force can escape from the interior of said chamber to the exterior thereof through said apertures.
  • a multi-stage mass contact apparatus comprising two substantially cylindrical chambers, each being substantially closed at one end and substatnially open at the opposite end, each having a peripheral louvered wall of substantially circular overall configuration and having louver vanes oriented at an angle between orthogonal and tangent to said circular configuration and extending axially of said chamber, said vanes having apertures therethrough, whereby particles of a circulating mass of material contained in either of said chambers having a high net centrifugal vector force can escape from the interior of the respective chamber to the exterior thereof through said apertures, said two vaned chambers being positioned in substantially axially aligned and spaced relation to each other with the closed end of one adjacent the open end of the other, an intermediate chamber interposed between said two vaned chambers and interconnecting them and being substantially cylindrical in overall configuration and having a diameter larger than said two vaned chambers, a substantially annular input chamber surrounding the louvered wall of said one chamber, and a substantially circular louvered wall common between said input chamber and said intermediate chamber for the
  • a multi-stage mass contact apparatus as set forth in claim 27, and further including an additional chamber having a substantially cylindrical portion with a larger diameter than said one vaned chamber adjacent the open end of said one vaned chamber, and said additional chamber having an inwardly tapering substantially conical portion adjacent said substantially cylindrical portion remote from said one vaned chamber.
  • a multistage mass contact apparatus as set forth in claim 26, and further including an additional chamber having a substantially cylindrical portion with a larger diameter than said one vaned chamber adjacent the open end of said one vaned chamber, and said additional chamber having an inwardly tapering substantially conical portion adjacent said substantially cylindrical portion re mote from said one vaned chamber.
  • a method of effecting mass contact between a first material in continuous phase and a second material in discontinuous phase particulate form having a substantially greater density than said first material comprising feeding said first material into a generally cylindrical chamber having a louvered wall of substantially circular overall configuration with louver vanes oriented at an angle between orthogonal and tangent to said circular configuration to provide louver openings in said wall, said chamber having an exit port at one end, and said wall having additional apertures therethrough, said first material being fed into said chamber through said louver openings and being caused by said vanes to flow spirally in said chamber to said exit port, entraining said second material in said flow of said first material and imparting by said spiral flow centrifugal and centripetal forces to the particles of said second material in said chamber to cause said particles to seek circulating orbits in said chamber where said centrifugal and centripetal forces are substantially equal, and relieving the chamber of particles of said second material having a centrifugal force re quiring a said circulating orbit outside said chamber by passage thereof from
  • a method of eifecting mass contact between a first material in continuous phase and second material in discontinuous phase particulate form having a substantially greater density than said first material comprising establishing an inwardly spiralling vortical fiow of said first material, passing said flow through an apertured circumambient Wall surrounding the center axis of said vortical flow, entraining said second material in said How whereby centrifugal and centripetal forces are imparted to the entrained particles of said second material to establish a suspension thereof within the confines of said wall, and increasing the net average centripetal force of said entrained particles contained in the suspension within the confines of said wall by removing therefrom suspended particles having a high net centrifugal force by movement of such suspended particles outwardly from said axis through the apertures in said wall.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
US813634A 1969-04-04 1969-04-04 Mass contact between media of different densities Expired - Lifetime US3566582A (en)

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US (1) US3566582A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS543154B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7017963D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2016126B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2042871A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1309796A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651619A (en) * 1970-03-30 1972-03-28 Mitsugi Miura Apparatus for purification of gas
JPS4849074A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-10-20 1973-07-11
US3817696A (en) * 1972-08-09 1974-06-18 H Hereth Method of and apparatus for fluidized bed treatment of solids or liquids
US3838523A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-10-01 Motch Merryweather Machinery Multi-stage drying apparatus and method
US3871111A (en) * 1972-08-09 1975-03-18 Hischmann Maschinenfabrik Geb Device for drying moist material to be ground
US3881895A (en) * 1972-12-26 1975-05-06 Entoleter Multistage vortical mass contact between media
US3933450A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-01-20 Emile Henri Gabriel Percevaut Purifier for the physical-chemical treatment of combustion gases and other gases containing polluting or noxious constituents
DE2437750A1 (de) * 1974-08-06 1976-02-26 Huenlich Hans Werner Dipl Ing Ein- und mehrstufiges verfahren zur trockenen absorption und abscheidung gasfoermiger schadstoffe aus abgasen als trockene rueckstaende
US4062663A (en) * 1976-02-04 1977-12-13 Deuterium Corporation Contact apparatus for multiphase processing
US4065527A (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-12-27 Graber David A Method and apparatus for interaction of gas and liquid
US4092013A (en) * 1974-09-13 1978-05-30 Gustaf Adolf Staaf Mixer with no moving parts
US4117714A (en) * 1977-05-12 1978-10-03 Midwest Research Institute Method and apparatus for continuously extracting trace contaminants from air and monitoring the contaminant content thereof
US4171961A (en) * 1976-08-27 1979-10-23 Babcock-BSH Aktiengesellschaft Buttner-Schilde-Haas AG Arrangement for intercepting entrained contaminants from a gaseous medium in a scrubbing liquid
US4244921A (en) * 1978-06-01 1981-01-13 Przedsiebiorstwo Projektowania I Dostaw Kompletnych Obiektow Przemyslowych "Chemadex" W Warsawie, Oddzial W Krakowie Contact node of a system for production of sulphuric acid
US4255410A (en) * 1976-02-04 1981-03-10 Deuterium Corporation Contact method for multiphase processing
US4489501A (en) * 1982-07-01 1984-12-25 Seiichiro Aigo Spin drier for silicon wafers and the like
US4489502A (en) * 1982-11-03 1984-12-25 Seiichiro Aigo Spin drier for silicon wafers and the like
US4600410A (en) * 1984-12-19 1986-07-15 Atlantic Richfield Company Process and apparatus for separating particulate matter from a gaseous medium
US4880451A (en) * 1988-03-03 1989-11-14 Shell Oil Company Gas/liquid contacting apparatus
US5653776A (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-08-05 Entoleter, Inc. Apparatus for de-entraining liquid in gas scrubbers and the like
US5866046A (en) * 1996-07-25 1999-02-02 Cosmo Ec Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing ultra-fine water droplets and device for manufacturing the same
US5958360A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-09-28 Gas Research Institute Absorber for liquid redox processes
US6004364A (en) * 1992-01-23 1999-12-21 Kamyr Aktiebolag Separation device
WO2003099426A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Fluor Corporation Methods and apparatus for mixing and distributing fluids
US20080002520A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2008-01-03 Plache Paul R Fluid blending methods utilizing either or both passive and active mixing
US20080047160A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2008-02-28 Iglesias Vives Joan Method and machine for the sintering and/or drying of powder materials using infrared radiation
US7716849B1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2010-05-18 Neil Hicks Glove dryer
US20100258427A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 Towler Gavin P Vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses with vortex contacting stages
FR3154330A1 (fr) * 2023-10-23 2025-04-25 Toni Küpfer Sa Dispositif de melange, notamment pour un systeme de traitement de boues

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3502648A1 (de) * 1985-01-26 1986-07-31 Carl Prof. Dr.-Ing. 5100 Aachen Kramer Vorrichtung zur mischung eines haupt-gasstroms mit mindestens einem neben-gasstrom
JP5802878B2 (ja) * 2014-03-06 2015-11-04 有限会社トリビオックス・ラボラトリーズ マイクロナノバブル発生装置

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651619A (en) * 1970-03-30 1972-03-28 Mitsugi Miura Apparatus for purification of gas
JPS4849074A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-10-20 1973-07-11
US3817696A (en) * 1972-08-09 1974-06-18 H Hereth Method of and apparatus for fluidized bed treatment of solids or liquids
US3871111A (en) * 1972-08-09 1975-03-18 Hischmann Maschinenfabrik Geb Device for drying moist material to be ground
US3881895A (en) * 1972-12-26 1975-05-06 Entoleter Multistage vortical mass contact between media
US3933450A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-01-20 Emile Henri Gabriel Percevaut Purifier for the physical-chemical treatment of combustion gases and other gases containing polluting or noxious constituents
US3838523A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-10-01 Motch Merryweather Machinery Multi-stage drying apparatus and method
DE2437750A1 (de) * 1974-08-06 1976-02-26 Huenlich Hans Werner Dipl Ing Ein- und mehrstufiges verfahren zur trockenen absorption und abscheidung gasfoermiger schadstoffe aus abgasen als trockene rueckstaende
US4092013A (en) * 1974-09-13 1978-05-30 Gustaf Adolf Staaf Mixer with no moving parts
US4062663A (en) * 1976-02-04 1977-12-13 Deuterium Corporation Contact apparatus for multiphase processing
US4255410A (en) * 1976-02-04 1981-03-10 Deuterium Corporation Contact method for multiphase processing
US4065527A (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-12-27 Graber David A Method and apparatus for interaction of gas and liquid
US4171961A (en) * 1976-08-27 1979-10-23 Babcock-BSH Aktiengesellschaft Buttner-Schilde-Haas AG Arrangement for intercepting entrained contaminants from a gaseous medium in a scrubbing liquid
US4117714A (en) * 1977-05-12 1978-10-03 Midwest Research Institute Method and apparatus for continuously extracting trace contaminants from air and monitoring the contaminant content thereof
US4244921A (en) * 1978-06-01 1981-01-13 Przedsiebiorstwo Projektowania I Dostaw Kompletnych Obiektow Przemyslowych "Chemadex" W Warsawie, Oddzial W Krakowie Contact node of a system for production of sulphuric acid
US4489501A (en) * 1982-07-01 1984-12-25 Seiichiro Aigo Spin drier for silicon wafers and the like
US4489502A (en) * 1982-11-03 1984-12-25 Seiichiro Aigo Spin drier for silicon wafers and the like
US4600410A (en) * 1984-12-19 1986-07-15 Atlantic Richfield Company Process and apparatus for separating particulate matter from a gaseous medium
US4880451A (en) * 1988-03-03 1989-11-14 Shell Oil Company Gas/liquid contacting apparatus
US6004364A (en) * 1992-01-23 1999-12-21 Kamyr Aktiebolag Separation device
US5653776A (en) * 1995-07-06 1997-08-05 Entoleter, Inc. Apparatus for de-entraining liquid in gas scrubbers and the like
US5866046A (en) * 1996-07-25 1999-02-02 Cosmo Ec Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing ultra-fine water droplets and device for manufacturing the same
US5958360A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-09-28 Gas Research Institute Absorber for liquid redox processes
US7281702B2 (en) * 2002-05-28 2007-10-16 Fluor Technologies Corporation Methods and apparatus for mixing and distributing fluids
US20050167859A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2005-08-04 Jacobs Garry E. Methods and apparatus for mixing and distributing fluids
WO2003099426A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Fluor Corporation Methods and apparatus for mixing and distributing fluids
US20080047160A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2008-02-28 Iglesias Vives Joan Method and machine for the sintering and/or drying of powder materials using infrared radiation
US8015725B2 (en) * 2004-09-21 2011-09-13 Dos-I Solutions, S.L. Method and machine for the sintering and/or drying of powder materials using infrared radiation
US20080002520A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2008-01-03 Plache Paul R Fluid blending methods utilizing either or both passive and active mixing
US7716849B1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2010-05-18 Neil Hicks Glove dryer
US20100258427A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 Towler Gavin P Vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses with vortex contacting stages
US8047509B2 (en) * 2009-04-08 2011-11-01 Uop Llc Vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses with vortex contacting stages
FR3154330A1 (fr) * 2023-10-23 2025-04-25 Toni Küpfer Sa Dispositif de melange, notamment pour un systeme de traitement de boues

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7017963D0 (pt) 1973-04-12
DE2016126A1 (de) 1970-10-15
FR2042871A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-02-12
GB1309796A (en) 1973-03-14
JPS543154B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-02-19
DE2016126B2 (de) 1978-12-21
DE2016126C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-08-30

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