US3559597A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3559597A
US3559597A US795126*A US3559597DA US3559597A US 3559597 A US3559597 A US 3559597A US 3559597D A US3559597D A US 3559597DA US 3559597 A US3559597 A US 3559597A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
incinerator
refuse
secondary combustion
gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US795126*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Heiny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19681601294 external-priority patent/DE1601294C3/de
Priority claimed from DE19681601295 external-priority patent/DE1601295C3/de
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3559597A publication Critical patent/US3559597A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/14—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in revolving cylindrical furnaces

Definitions

  • Incinerator furnace is gravity fed and includes a secondary combustion chamber beneath the primary chamber.
  • the fire pot of the latter and the outer wall of the furnace stack are rotated.
  • Auxiliary burners in the second chamber ensure complete burning of the refuse.
  • An exhauster draws the combustion gases through a boiler, and through a preheater for combustion air, and keeps the furnace at a negative pressure.
  • the chief object of the invention is to produce an incinerator of the aforesaid kind and which ensures the continuous and complete burning of any kind of refuse, including industrial waste, even where the refuse is partly solid and partly fluid, or, indeed, where it is entirely composed of synthetic plastics.
  • Another object of the invention is an incinerator of which those parts subject to great thermal and mechanical stress have a long service life and require attention only after prolonged intervals ofuse, thereby reducing maintenance costs.
  • a further object of the invention is an incinerator in which the refuse slides continuously from the stack into the primary "combustion chamber, from which latter it moves continuously, partly as a fluid ash and partly as an incompletely burned pasty or lumpy mass, into the secondary combustion chamber, and then, after it is completely burned, it is continuously removed in a fluid state and treated in a known manner, such as granulation in the water bath of an ash remover.
  • a still another object-of the invention is an incinerator that completely burns refuse with a minimum amount of heat and which enables the economical burning of refuse with very high moisture contents.
  • the invention in its novel essentials, is characterized by a the bottom and the ash discharge openingof the secondary combustion chamber; and by an exhauster connected to the combustion-gas outlet of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • An incinerator so constructed enables the continuous and complete burning of refuse of any kind, with only aminimum amount of maintenance of the installation.
  • an incinerator having a daily capacity of 60 tonsv (2,000 pounds/ton)v of industrial waste it became apparent that the construction of the primary and secondary combustion chambers was of crucial importance.
  • the primary combustion chamber is enclosed by the lower part of a stationary cylindrical refractory wall, and the roof of this chamber is conical and incorporates a plurality of nozzles for introducing air for combustion into the chamber, the nozzles being angled with respect to the axis of the chamber so as to create a cyclonelike flow of air and of h c s the height of the refuse charged into the primary combustion chamber.
  • a series of water-cooled refuse deflectors on the lower part of the cylindrical refractory wall for forcing the refuse radially towards the center of the tire pot when the latter turns.
  • These deflectors are expediently so constructed that their deflecting angle is adjustable and that they can be easily replaced.
  • the water-cooled refuse deflectors. together with the inclined fire pot ensure a trouble-free movement of the refuse out of the stack and onto the tire pot, and the movement of the partly burned refuse down the inclined surface of the fire pot towards the central opening that leads to the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the refuse charged into the annular stack is further encouraged to slide down the latter by providing an outer metal wall, rotatable about the stack axis, and positioned above the cylindrical refractory wall.
  • the incinerator is operated at a pressure below the atmospheric.
  • Water seals are advantageously used to provide seals between the rotating and stationary parts of the furnace.
  • the complete burning of the refuse in the secondary combustion chamber is obtained by laterally shifting the ash discharge opening, with respect to the central opening, in the direction of flow of the combustion gases, and by arranging a gas-deflecting surface in the secondary combustion chamber for causing at a least part of the combustion gases to blow against the bottom and the ash discharge opening of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the gas-deflecting surface is arranged so that it projects downwardly from the top of the chamber and its lower edge lies approximately vertically above the end of the chamber bottom where it borders on the ash discharge opening.
  • a plurality of nozzles for introducing hot air into the primary combustion chamber are arranged in the 1 upper part of the cylindrical refractory wall at a height below bustion chamber and/or the hot air that is blown into the refuse-loaded primary combustion chamber is advantageously heated by a preheater, which is arranged after a waste-heat boiler and through which the combustion gases pass.
  • a preheater which is arranged after a waste-heat boiler and through which the combustion gases pass.
  • the secondary combustion chamber Downstream of the ash discharge opening the secondary combustion chamber is constructed to form a combustion-gas duct that rises at an angle of about 20 towards the waste-heat boiler.
  • the cross-sectional area through which'the gases are free to flow in the latter is such that the combustion gases lose most of their speed, whereby the fly ash settles out of the gases and can be collected at the floor of the boiler.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified lateral elevation of the incinerator of the invention; the waste-heat boiler is removed;
  • FIG. 2 is a side view in cross section ofthe fire pot of the primary combustion chamber
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the structure seen in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4a, 4b is a side view, in cross section, of the complete installation, in including the waste-heat boiler and the air preheater.
  • the incinerator illustrated is essentially composed of a pair of charging hoppers I, an annular furnace stack 3, and a primary combustion chamber 6.
  • the latter incorporates a fire pot 5 that rotates about the axis of the furnace, the pot 5 embodying a central opening 7.
  • the partly burned refuse, or waste passes through this opening and into a secondary combustion chamber 20, where the refuse is completely burned with the aid of several oil burners 26a.
  • the fluid ash falls through an opening 25 and is granulated in an ash remover having a water bath 30.
  • the combustion gases flow from the secondary combustion chamber 20 through the duct 20:: to a waste-heat boiler (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the incinerator in accordance with the invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 4a, 4b.
  • the refuse is loaded into two charging hoppers I, from where conveyor rollers 2 move it down into the annular stack 3, of which the outer wall 4 is arranged to rotate, whereby to ensure that the refuse is evenly distributed throughout the stack 3.
  • the outer wall 4 is mounted on rollers 4a. Laterally arranged rollers 4b keep the wall in its circular path.
  • the refuse slides down the furnace stack 3 and into the fire pot 5 of the primary combustion chamber 6.
  • the fire pot is rotatably mounted on rollers 5a and laterally guided in its circular path by rollers 5b.
  • the fire pot embodies an upper surface, in the shape of an inverted cone, made of a suitable refractory material.
  • This surface slopes towards the opening 7 at an angle of about 30.
  • the downwardly expanding discharge opening 7 is located in the center of this upper surface, and is designed and shaped to diffuse the matter and gases passing through it.
  • the opening is provided with a water-cooled, metal-clad circular shell 8 made of a suitable high-temperature steel, and the inner wall of which shell serves as the wall of the opening.
  • the water for cooling the opening 7 is moved by a pump 81; from a reservoir 812 into the hollow of the shell 8 and then back into the reservoir.
  • the outer wall of the shell 8 is provided with a water seal 9, which makes a gastight seal between the rotatable fire pot 5, or the shell 8, and the base of the furnace, since the installation operates at a pressure below atmospheric.
  • the water seal 9 also acts to conduct away heat from the greatly heated opening 7 and the shell 8.
  • the refuse continuously slides down the stack 3 and distributes itself over the rotating fire pot 5, where the slope and rotation of the latter, as well as the stationary water-cooled, replaceable deflectors 10, cause the refuse to slide towards the discharge opening 7.
  • the angular position of the refuse deflectots can be adjusted by a handcrank (not shown) to correspond to the desired rate of feed towards the center of the fire pot 5.
  • the furnace is filled with refuse up to the lower edge of the stack inner wall II, which latter can be made of steel plate. When at this height, the refuse begins to burn at a rate that depends on its composition and its moisture content.
  • a burner 26 in the roof of the primary combustion chamber 6 begins the combustion.
  • the refuse spread over the rotating fire pot 5 burns throughout its entire height, the burning temperature increasing from the outside of the refuse towards the center of it.
  • the primary combustion chamber is covered by a cone-shaped roof 12. That part of the roof which is touched by the flames is composed of a pipe-on-pipe construction, which is filled with cooling water or steam. This pipe construction is made gastight by plugs and packing.
  • the space I3 above the roof I2 is used as a distribution chamber for the combustion air heated by an air preheater l4 in the waste-heat boiler IS.
  • the injection nozzles 16 for the preheated combustion air extend from within the distribution chamber I3 to the primary combustion chamber6.
  • the nozzles are so angled with respect to the chamber axis that the combustion air injected into the chamber 6 causes a cyclonelike propagation of the combustion, thereby ensuring that the combustion gases remain longer in the chamber 6 to obtain a more intensive combustion of the refuse.
  • the unburned part of the refuse because of the high temperature in the central zone of the rotating fire pot 5, moves as a fluid or pasty mass, together with the combustion-gas current, through the diffusing discharge opening 7 and into the secondary combustion chamber 20.
  • the higher temperature in this space completes the combustion.
  • the incinerator of the invention operates at a negative pressure.
  • an exhaust fan 21 is arranged after the waste-heat boiler 15 and the preheater 14.
  • Water seals are arranged between the rotating and stationary parts of the furnace to prevent air from being sucked into the furnace.
  • a water seal 23a is located on the outer wall 4 of the stack 3; another, 22, between the stationary refractory wall 17 and the rotating fire pot 5-of the chamber 6; and the previously mentioned waterf seal 9 between the discharge opening 7 and shell 8, on the-one hand, and the furnace base, on the other.
  • Closable flaps 24, arranged below the conveyors 2, prevent air from entering the furnace when the hoppers l are empty.
  • the secondary combustion chamber 20, including the opening 25, has hot-cooled walls composed of a pipe-on-pipe construction, and the chamber opens, through the duct 20a, into the waste-heat boiler 15.
  • the ash discharge opening 25 of the chamber 20 is laterally displaced, with respect to the opening 7, in the direction of the combustion gas current.
  • the bottom 27 of the chamber 20 slopes downwards at an angle of a about 20 towards the opening 25.
  • the auxiliary oil burners 26a, mounted in oneend of the chamber 20, are tilted at approximately the same angle.
  • a deflecting surface 28 for the combustion gases slants downwards from the roof of the chamber 20 so that its lower edge is positioned approximately vertically above the end of the sloping bottom 27, where the latter borders on the opening 25.
  • the surface 28 is advantageously formed by cooling pipes.
  • the mutual arrangement ofthe bottom 27 and the surface 28 reduces the cross section of the chamber 20 in front of the opening 25.
  • This construction of the chamber 20 causes the ash and the still incompletely burned part of the refuse to remain longer in the chamber.
  • the unburned refuseand the ash slide down the bottom 27 towards the discharge opening 25.
  • the increased temperature, produced by the burners 26a helps to burn the refuse completely.
  • the flow of ashes down the floor 27 is encouraged, because the flames of the oil burners 26a act in a direction parallel to the floor and are directed towards the opening 25.
  • the arrangement of the surface 28 and the manner in which it reduces the cross sectionof the chamber 20 in front of the opening 25 are such that the combustion gases move at an increased velocity over the floor 27 and the opening 25.
  • the fluid ashes fall out of the opening 25. through a discharge container 29, and into an ash remover having a water bath 30, from which latter an endless conveyor 3] removes them in the form of granules.
  • the discharge container 29 is partly submerged into the water bath 30 in order to provide an air seal between the furnace and the ash remover.
  • the chamber 20 forms a duct 20a for the combustion gases.
  • This duct slopes upwardly towards the waste-heat boiler 15 at an angle of about 20. so that the ash particles, carried along by the gaseous current, can fall back into the opening 25.
  • the combustion gases move from the secondary combustion chamber 20, through the duct 20a, and into the first chamber 15a of the waste-heat boiler 15.
  • This chamber which is designed as a radiation space has its walls formed by pipes. It is sufficiently large so that the speed of the gases is reduced from about 15 meters/second in the secondary combustion chamber 20 to about 2 to 3 meters/second. As a consequence, some of the fiy ash carried by the gases settles and falls through a funnel 32 into an ash remover having a water bath and an endless conveyor 33. The tube of the funnel 32 dips into the water bath.
  • the combustion gases move out of the first chamber 15a through a very coarse grid of pipes into a second chamber 15b.
  • the walls of this chamber can also be built of pipes, for the purpose of extracting heat from the gases, or the walls can be used as a preheater, as is the third chamber 15c, for the combustion air. Funnels mounted underneath the second and third chambers catch the falling fly ash and lead it into the water bath of the the aforesaid ash remover.
  • a cyclone filter mounted between the boiler 15 and the exhaust fan 21, cleans the combustion gases of all particulate matter larger than ;.t.
  • the steel frame and body 35 of the incinerator serves to mount and support various parts of the furnace and the boiler.
  • Several circular platforms 36, located at various heights of the furnace, are also mounted on the incinerator frame and body 35.
  • the preheater c is advantageously located at a position in the boiler 15, and has a cross section for the gases of such a size, so that the temperature of the combustion gases lies below the softening point of the ash.
  • An incinerator comprising:
  • a primary combustion chamber having a central refuse burning chamber, a refuse inlet and outlet, and burner means for producing combustion gases within said central refuse burning chamber for burning refuse within said primary combustion chamber;
  • a secondary combustion chamber having a refuse inlet and outlet, a sloping base, and an auxiliary burner means for producing combustion gases within said secondary combustion chamber for burning refuse within said secondary combustion chamber, said secondary combustion chamber inlet being positioned below said primary combustion chamber outlet and said secondary combustion chamber outlet being laterally offset with respect to said primary combustion chamber outlet in the direction of flow of the combustion gases in said secondary combustion chamber.
  • An incinerator including a furnace, said furnace having an annular stack for receiving refuse, a primary combustion chamber connected to said annular stack to receive refuse sliding down the latter, a fire pot comprised by said primary combustion chamber including a burner means for producing combustion gases within said fire pot, a central opening in said fire pot, a secondary combustion chamber fed burned and unburned refuse through said opening, auxiliary burner means for the latter said chamber for producing auxiliary combustion gases within said secondary combustion chamber, and an ash discharge opening in said secondary combustion chamber, and wherein the improvement comprises:
  • said fire pot having an upper refractory surface, said surface being conical and sloping downwardly toward said central opening;
  • said ash discharge opening is laterally shifted, with respect to said central opening, in the direction of flow of the combustion gases in said secondary combustion chamber;
  • a gas deflecting surface arranged in said secondary combustion chamber to cause at least a part of the combustion gases to blow against said bottom and ash discharge opening;
  • incinerator as defined in claim 6, including an outer cylindrical wall for said annular stack positioned above said stationary cylindrical refractory wall, and means for mounting and rotating said stack outer wall about the axis of said stack.
  • the incinerator as defined in claim 6, including a stationary cylindrical refractory wall that at its lower part encloses said primary combustion chamber, a conical roof for the latter said chamber, and a plurality of combustion-air nozzles in said roof for introducing air for combustion into said primary combustion chamber.
  • the incinerator as defined in claim l2. including a plurality of water-cooled refuse deflectors provided at the lower part of said cylindrical wall for forcing the refuse radially towards the center of said firc pot when the latter rotates.
  • the incinerator as defined in claim 12. including an outer cylindrical wall for said annular stack p'ositioned about said stationary cylindrical refractory wall, and means for mounting and rotating said stack outer wall about the axis of said stack, and water seals arranged between said stationary cylindrical wall and said outer cylindrical wall, between said fire pot and said stationary cylindrical wall, and between said central opening and the immediately neighboring stationary part of said furnace.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US795126*A 1968-01-30 1969-01-29 Incinerator Expired - Lifetime US3559597A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681601294 DE1601294C3 (de) 1968-01-30 1968-01-30 Nachverbrennungskammer für eine Verbrennungsanlage für Abfallstoffe
DE19681601295 DE1601295C3 (de) 1968-02-16 1968-02-16 Drehboden für eine Müllverbrennungsanlage

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US3559597A true US3559597A (en) 1971-02-02

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US795126*A Expired - Lifetime US3559597A (en) 1968-01-30 1969-01-29 Incinerator

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US (1) US3559597A (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png)
BE (1) BE727638A (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png)
CH (1) CH493791A (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png)
FR (1) FR2000985B1 (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png)
GB (1) GB1215792A (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png)
SE (1) SE351713B (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS515881A (en) * 1974-07-02 1976-01-19 Ebara Infilco Haikibutsuno kaenyojuhoho oyobi sochi
US3985085A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-10-12 A/S Fredriksstad Mek. Verksted Combined incinerator for oil sludge and solid wastes
US3996862A (en) * 1975-02-13 1976-12-14 Ontario Research Foundation Waste disposal system
US4026224A (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-05-31 Trecan Limited Sludge incinerator
US4050387A (en) * 1975-03-18 1977-09-27 Von Roll Ag Fluid industrial waste incinerator and its method of operation
US4470359A (en) * 1980-08-19 1984-09-11 Suxe Combustion Limited Auxiliary furnace in combination with a boiler
US6655304B1 (en) 1999-05-21 2003-12-02 Barlow Projects, Inc. Mass fuel combustion system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH572602A5 (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png) * 1972-05-29 1976-02-13 Wotschke Johannes

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2797668A (en) * 1952-09-29 1957-07-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fuel burning apparatus
US3344758A (en) * 1963-12-05 1967-10-03 Wotschke Johannes Apparatus for the thermal decomposition of waste products

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2797668A (en) * 1952-09-29 1957-07-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fuel burning apparatus
US3344758A (en) * 1963-12-05 1967-10-03 Wotschke Johannes Apparatus for the thermal decomposition of waste products

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3985085A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-10-12 A/S Fredriksstad Mek. Verksted Combined incinerator for oil sludge and solid wastes
JPS515881A (en) * 1974-07-02 1976-01-19 Ebara Infilco Haikibutsuno kaenyojuhoho oyobi sochi
JPS556801B2 (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png) * 1974-07-02 1980-02-20
US3996862A (en) * 1975-02-13 1976-12-14 Ontario Research Foundation Waste disposal system
US4050387A (en) * 1975-03-18 1977-09-27 Von Roll Ag Fluid industrial waste incinerator and its method of operation
US4026224A (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-05-31 Trecan Limited Sludge incinerator
US4470359A (en) * 1980-08-19 1984-09-11 Suxe Combustion Limited Auxiliary furnace in combination with a boiler
US6655304B1 (en) 1999-05-21 2003-12-02 Barlow Projects, Inc. Mass fuel combustion system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH493791A (de) 1970-07-15
FR2000985A1 (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png) 1969-09-19
SE351713B (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png) 1972-12-04
BE727638A (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png) 1969-07-01
GB1215792A (en) 1970-12-16
FR2000985B1 (US20100056889A1-20100304-C00004.png) 1975-04-11

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