US3558430A - Process for the loosening of dead hairs in fur pelts - Google Patents
Process for the loosening of dead hairs in fur pelts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3558430A US3558430A US708536A US3558430DA US3558430A US 3558430 A US3558430 A US 3558430A US 708536 A US708536 A US 708536A US 3558430D A US3558430D A US 3558430DA US 3558430 A US3558430 A US 3558430A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hairs
- pelts
- loosening
- dead
- enzyme
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 26
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 abstract description 13
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 17
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000700110 Myocastor coypus Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000228197 Aspergillus flavus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000699700 Ondatra zibethicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000001400 Tryptase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060005989 Tryptase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NSFXVRRBGNORBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzo[f]benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C2C=CC=CC2=CC2=NNN=C21 NSFXVRRBGNORBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000499489 Castor canadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011779 Menyanthes trifoliata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283216 Phocidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187180 Streptomyces sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001322 trypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
- C14C1/065—Enzymatic unhairing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for the loosening of dead hairs in fur pelts to facilitate their removal therefrom.
- the process of mechanical plucking has the disadvantage that the dead hairs are broken off by the process, leaving a residue. Shearing involves the same disadvantage. Since the dead hairs behave differently from the underfur on dyeing during later finishing, only a limited improvement in quality can be achieved using these removal processes.
- the dead hairs are so uniformly loosened over the entire skin in a short period of time that they can be plucked in a single process step.
- the hairs to be removed are not broken off by this treatment, so that a completely uniform pelt is obtained after coloring.
- a fur pelt is treated with a proteolytic enzyme in a weakly acid to weakly alkaline medium, i.e. at a pH of about 6 to about 9, until a uniform loosening of the dead hairs occurs.
- a weakly acid to weakly alkaline medium i.e. at a pH of about 6 to about 9, until a uniform loosening of the dead hairs occurs.
- pH values below about 6 the desired effect is no longer observed or is only observed after unfeasibly long treatment times.
- loosening generally requires enzyme treatment over a period of from two to six hours at a temperature from about 15 C. to about 50 C., preferably from about 20 C. to about 40 C., with shorter Patented Jan. 26, 1971 treatment times being chosen at higher temperatures.
- the enzyme can be employed in a liquid phase, in which case it is advantageously added to the soaking bath for the pelts. After soaking for about three to five hours, the skins are hung flesh side to flesh side for an additional one or two hours at a temperature of about 30 C. to 40 C. in air having a relative humidity of from 70-80 percent.
- the enzyme can also be applied in powder or paste form to the fiesh side of soaked raw pelts prior to hanging. As soon as the coarse hairs are uniformly loosened, they are plucked out. It is recommended that the removal of dead hairs be terminated before further action of the enzymes beings a loosening of the short hairs of the underfur in the flanks. Up to this point, the fastness of the underfur is not yet affected.
- the enzymes should be inactivated as soon as possible. This can be done, for example, by treatment with formaldehyde or by the usual dressing steps.
- proteolytic enzymes already known in the leather industry are employed in the present invention.
- Bacterial proteases, mold fungus proteases, pancreatic enzymes, or combinations of these materials are preferably used in the process of the invention.
- the proteolytic enzymes obtained from cultures of Aspergilli such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, or Aspergillus flavus, or from cultures of Streptomyces sp. or Clostridium acetobutylz'cumr, can be named as exemplary.
- the bacterial proteases those of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mesentericus have proved good in the process of the invention. Trypsin, papain, and pepsin are also suitable enzymes.
- Enzymes having a proteolytic activity corresponding with an enzyme value of about 8000-12000 are suitably used in an amount of from about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent, preferably from about 0.4 percent to 1 percent, by weight of the pelts treated.
- non-ionic wetting agents for example those comprising glycol ethers, in the enzyme treatment.
- EXAMPLE 1 Dried nutria pelts were covered with 8 to 10 times their weight of water. Four to five percent, by weight of the pelts, of bacterial protease having an enzyme strength of 9000 and derived from Bacillus subtilis were added per liter of bath. The pelts were kept in the bath for one to two hours, then were hung flesh side to flesh side in a room at a temperature of from 30 C. to 40 C. and at a relative humidity of from 70-80 percent. After one to two hours the guard hairs could be plucked.
- EXAMPLE 2 Dried muskrat pelts were covered with water at 20 C. in a weight ratio of 1:8 to 1:10. Four to five percent, by weight of the pelts, of bacterial protease like that used in Example 1 were added to the bath with from 0.8 to 1 percent of polyglycol ether. The treatment time was from three to four hours, after which the skins were hung and plucked as in Example 1.
- EXAMPLE 3 Dried nutria pelts were covered with water at 20 C. in a weight ratio of 1:8 to 1:10. Four to five precent, by weight of the pelts, of mold fungus tryptase derived from Aspergillus oryzae and having an enzyme strength of 10000 were added to the bath. The skins were kept in the bath for two to three hours, then further treated as in Example 1.
- EXAMPLE 4 Dried nutria skins were covered with water at 20 C. in a weight ratio of 1:8 to 1:10. l.62 percent of bacterial protease derived from Bacillus subtilis, 3.2-4 percent of fungus tryptase derived from Aspergillus flavus, and 0.8l percent of polyglycol ether, all percentages being by weight of the skins, were added to the bath. The skins were kept in the bath for from four to five hours and then were further treated as in Example 1.
- a process for the treatment of fur pelts to loosen dead hairs selectively and uniformly, Without loosening of the underfur, to render said dead hairs removable from said pelts which process comprises contacting soaked pelts at a weakly acid to weakly alkaline pH with a proteolytic enzyme until said dead hairs are loosened but before the short hairs of the underfur are loosened.
- a process for the treatment of fur pelts to loosen dead hairs collectively and uniformly, without loosening of the underfur, to render said dead hairs removable from said pelts comprises contacting soaked pelts at a pH from 6 to 9 at a temperature from about 15 C. to about 50 C. for from 2 to 6 hours until said dead hairs are loosened but before the short hairs of the underfur are loosened.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DER0045420 | 1967-03-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3558430A true US3558430A (en) | 1971-01-26 |
Family
ID=7407629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US708536A Expired - Lifetime US3558430A (en) | 1967-03-03 | 1968-02-27 | Process for the loosening of dead hairs in fur pelts |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3558430A (xx) |
DE (1) | DE1669354C3 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR1550918A (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1172055A (xx) |
SE (1) | SE334432B (xx) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4260686A (en) * | 1978-08-23 | 1981-04-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the enzymatic softening of furs |
DE3312840A1 (de) * | 1983-04-09 | 1984-10-11 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Verfahren zur nassentfettung von hautmaterial |
US5102422A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1992-04-07 | Rohm Gmbh | Methods for leather processing including liquid enzyme formulation |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2930342A1 (de) * | 1979-07-26 | 1981-02-19 | Roehm Gmbh | Verbessertes verfahren zur herstellung von leder |
AU696441B2 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1998-09-10 | Novozymes A/S | A method for processing of hides or skins into leather, comprising enzymatic treatment of the hide or skin with a trypsin acting microbial protease |
-
1967
- 1967-03-03 DE DE1669354A patent/DE1669354C3/de not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-01-15 FR FR1550918D patent/FR1550918A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-02-13 SE SE01890/68A patent/SE334432B/xx unknown
- 1968-02-27 US US708536A patent/US3558430A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-02-28 GB GB9716/68A patent/GB1172055A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4260686A (en) * | 1978-08-23 | 1981-04-07 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the enzymatic softening of furs |
DE3312840A1 (de) * | 1983-04-09 | 1984-10-11 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Verfahren zur nassentfettung von hautmaterial |
US4968621A (en) * | 1983-04-09 | 1990-11-06 | Rohm Gmbh | Method for the wet degreasing of hide and skin stock |
US5102422A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1992-04-07 | Rohm Gmbh | Methods for leather processing including liquid enzyme formulation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1172055A (en) | 1969-11-26 |
SE334432B (xx) | 1971-04-26 |
DE1669354A1 (de) | 1971-05-06 |
FR1550918A (xx) | 1968-12-20 |
DE1669354B2 (de) | 1974-08-15 |
DE1669354C3 (de) | 1975-04-10 |
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