US3558392A - Process for the continuous manufacture of porous writing tips - Google Patents

Process for the continuous manufacture of porous writing tips Download PDF

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Publication number
US3558392A
US3558392A US560405A US3558392DA US3558392A US 3558392 A US3558392 A US 3558392A US 560405 A US560405 A US 560405A US 3558392D A US3558392D A US 3558392DA US 3558392 A US3558392 A US 3558392A
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Prior art keywords
writing
resin
bundle
strands
channels
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US560405A
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Elden Lucerne Goodenow
Daniel W Seregely
James O'sullivan
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Gillette Co LLC
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Gillette Co LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K1/00—Nibs; Writing-points
    • B43K1/12—Writing-points comprising fibres; Felt pads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
    • Y10T428/249947—Polymeric fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to an economical, continuous manufacturing process whereby under controlled conditions, the structure, density, flexibility and other requirements can be controlled so that' uniform writing tips, of uniform characteristics, may be manufactured in a reproducible manner.
  • the materials, conditions and sequence of steps hereinafter described permit the manufacture of writing tips in a reproducible manner so that the entire output can either consist of relatively hard, non-flexible fine writing tips or, when it is desired to produce a softer writing tip capable of producing a line of greater width and shading, the operator can be assured that all of the tips will now conform to the predetermined standards of strength, density, flexibility, porosity, feeding characteristics, etc., which characterize such tips. It will be readily recognized that the economical manufacture of tremendous numbers of writing tips precludes individual testing of each tip, and therefore the process must be capable of control so as to insure predetermined uniformity.
  • the present invention utilizes yarns selected from the family of thermoplastic fibers (since p CC natural fibers are not satisfactory), the arrangement of such fibers in substantially parallel longitudinal relation and suitably spaced from each other so as to form a predetermined array (generally cylindrical), heat treating the cylindrical bundle to form a preliminary structure of desired porosity and size, then fixing the fibers in such desired position with respect to each other and with the longitudinally extending porosities or channels of a desired size and distribution, and curing the fixed or resin treated rods so as to produce a continuously moving rod which now can be cut, have its ends shaped and otherwise treated for use as a writing tip.
  • the materials and conditions which permit continuous, rapid manufacture of reproducible, substantially uniform writing tips will be described in detail hereafter.
  • An object of the present invention is to disclose and provide a methodfor continuously manufacturing writing tips of substantially uniform writing characteristics and other properties which affect the efliciency and the effectiveness of the writing tip.
  • a still further object of the invention is to disclose and provide materials, conditions, treating agents and process steps which insure the attainment of the objects of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the various stages and operations involved in the continuous process
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged somewhat diagrammatic representations of partial cross-sections taken through an exemplary writing tip in the course of its manufacture.
  • the body material of the porous writing tips is composed of any one or more synthetic, preferably thermoplastic fibers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile and copolymers with vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate and various polyamides such as nylon 6 and nylon 66.
  • the selected yarn supply 1 in the form of a plurality of spools, bobbins or reels 2, 2, etc., is provided.
  • the spools are preferably provided with individually adjustable friction drags so as to control the tension in the strands which are drawn from the reels.
  • Each yarn strand is passed through a perforation in a gathering or arranging plate generally indicated at 4, the perforations or openings being smooth- Walled and in circular array.
  • the individual openings are closely spaced, may be about Ms" in diameter and provided with conical or flaring inlets so as to facilitate the feeding of the strands therethrough.
  • the number of individual strands employed will vary with the size of the Writing tip desired; from 17 to as high as 60 strands of yarn may be used depending upon the total denier of the yarn employed and the final diameter or other form of the writing tip being manufactured.
  • a crimped yarn having an uncrimped denier of 1050, composed of 70 continuous filaments can be successfully used.
  • the total denier of the entire assembly may vary from between 25,000 and 40,000, a preferred range (for the exemplary sized tip) being between about 28,000 and 32,000.
  • the filament denier may range from as small as 1.5 d.p.f. to 18 d.p.f. or even larger.
  • the perforated metal plate gathers and properly arranges and positions the individual strands of yarn in accordance with a predetermined pattern.
  • the procedure insures the desired placement of the individual strands of yarn in the completed writing tip with longitudinally extending channels dispersed between the strands, It is to be understood that all of the strands are constantly under tension (on the order of 2 to 6 grams per strand at the feed end) and are being pulled from the supply reels in zone 1 by means at the far end of the production line hereinafter described.
  • the gathered strands are then passed through a drying zone generally indicated at 6; this drying tube may comprise a tube 7 (having a diameter from 2 to 8 times the diameter of the ultimate product).
  • the tube may be lined with a polytetrafluoro composition capable of presenting a surface of a low coefficient of friction.
  • the tube may be enclosed by an electrically heated housing 8.
  • the temperatures in this zone should not be sufficiently high to produce any softening of the filaments or strands but only sufiicient to dry the strands; when nylon is used temperatures on the order of 130 C.175 C. are adequate when the strands are drawn at from about /2 to 2 feet a minute, the length of the treating zone being a factor.
  • Purging of water vapor and other volatile material from the fibrous strands is facilitated by passing nitrogen or other inert gas through the tube in a direction countercurrent to the movement of the fibers.
  • This tunnel 10 provides a heat-setting zone indicated generally as 9, has a flaring inlet and is lined with heat resistant material of low coeflicient of friction; it is surrounded by a heating chamber 11.
  • the temperature in this heatsetting zone is very accurately controlled so that the bundle of yarn, while moving under tension, in longitudinally extending relation and in the relative cross-sectional distribution established in the positioning zone 4, is here compressed and subjected to a temperature below the melting point of the yarn but sufficient to cause softening and adherence of the adjoining strands (or crimped portions thereof) to each other, the time, temperature and tension being insufiicient to completely destroy the crimped form of all of the crimped filaments in the bundle.
  • a temperature 3 to 6 lower (say 216 C.) is maintained, it being understood that the temperature may have to be varied in accordance with the speed of travel of the yarn through the heat-set zone 9 and the characteristics of the yarn being employed.
  • the heat setting operation appears to produce a random discontinuous and minute incipient fusion which bonds the strands without forming nodules or droplets of solid matter. After the heat setting operation, very little residual crimp is visible and the average fiber direction in the heatset bundle or rod does not appear to depart more than about from the rod axis.
  • the porosity of the tip as it is discharged from the heat setting zone, be maintained in a high range, for example, at the stage indicated by the section line II-II, between 25% and 95% of total volume of the bundle should be pores and channels.
  • the heat-set bundle of yarn now passes through a cooling zone 12 and an enlarged somewhat diagrammatic transverse section taken through the bundle at the plane II-II is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the bundle is coherent and the individual strands are in the positions desired with longitudinally extending channels or pores of a desired average dimension and distribution.
  • a certain proportion of the individual strands have been caused to sinter together; they are heat-bound to each other, as for example, the fibers 3, 3', and 3", but it will be noticed that longitudinally extending channels or pores, such as 13 and 13', exist and such channels are rather uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section of the partially completed writing tip.
  • this impregnation zone is shown to include a tube 15 with short, very gently upwardly inclined end portions, the tube being constantly supplied with a dilute solution of resin in a volatile solvent from a reservoir 16 through a valved supply line leading to the central section of the tunnel.
  • a tray-like arrangement takes the place of tube 15.
  • the preset yarn bundle barely deviates by more than its diameter from a rectilinear path in its travel through 14.
  • the entire tunnel may be enclosed by a temperature control bath 17.
  • the exit end of tube 15 includes a rubber orifice which wipes excess resin solution from the treated bundle or rod.
  • the impregnating step must be carried out at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent and below the curing temperature of the resin.
  • concentration of the resin in the volatile solvent is also of considerable importance in insuring the proper distribution of the resin so that the resin does not accumulate in large clusters or droplets and does not block the passageways or channels in the writing tip; a large number of minute surface bonds between fibers produces the ideal combination of high strength and high porosity.
  • Crimps in the fibers assist in producing a multiplicity of fiber-to-fiber contacts in which the resin is held.
  • the crimps also provide frequent interruptions of excessively large contacts, insure that they remain unfilled with resin and thereby facilitate the retention of channels or passages for ink flow in the finished writing tip.
  • the resin content of the impregnating solution can be in the range of 15% to 45% by weight (20% to 30% is preferred); higher concentrations within the range produce a hard tip whereas lower concentrations facilitate the production of a softer tip.
  • a great variety of resins may be employed and those skilled in the art will appreciate that different catalysts, hardeners or curing additives may be employed if setting of the resin requires their presence. Addition polymers such as the epoxies, isocyanates, polyesters, vinyl compounds, acrylics, alkyd resins, silicones and acetals may be employed.
  • Epon 828 (a monomer manufactured by the Shell Chemical Co.) may be used and an aliphatic polyamine can be used as the hardening or curing agent; Epon 1001, which is a polymer, can also be employed using an acid anhydride as the catalyst.
  • Tolylene diisocyanate and polymethylene, polyphenyl isocyanate polymer are other examples and polyamines or polyethers and glycols are representative of suitable hardeners.
  • Acrylic resins manufactured by Rohm & Haas and Carbide & Chemical Corp., as well as various silicones such as SR-98, SR-17 and SR- may be used, subsequent heating being sufiicient to properly cure these resins.
  • Polybutadiene-styrene copolymers and a di-vinyl benzene monomer are representative of satisfactory vinyl resins, whereas polyvinyl 'butyral polymer and polyvinyl formal are exemplary of acetals.
  • condensation polymers such as phenolics, resins of the melamine-urea-formaldehyde type, aldehydes such as the furane plastics, furfuraldehyde resins and monomers, acrylics such as Du Ponts Lucite polymers and epoxy resins, polyesters, polyvinyl acetates, Versalon 1175 (a polyamide polymer sold by General Mills) and similar thermoplastic systems can be used.
  • a catalyst, hardener or curing agent need not be present in all instances, since some of these thermoplastic systems dry and harden by the release of solvents (such as the acrylics, polyvinyl acetate and polyesters) and others set upon exposure to heat (as in the case of General Electrics silicone polymers, SR series, acrylic polymers and isocyanate polymers).
  • solvents such as the acrylics, polyvinyl acetate and polyesters
  • the solvents to be employed should be relatively volatile and preferably capable of being removed at temperatures not greatly exceeding 125 C. and at all events below the melting point of the fibers.
  • Solvents compatible with the resin used can be selected from ethers, esters, alcohols, aromatics, chlorinated solvents, ketones or glycol ethers, and may have boiling points as high as 175 C. or as low as 35 C. (diethyl ether).
  • resins and catalysts, hardeners or curing agents examples include:
  • Epon 828 (monomer, Shell Chemical Co.), plus 11.5%
  • Eponol 55 L-32 polymer, Shell Chemical Co.
  • '5.10*% isocyanate isocyanate
  • Tolylene diisocyanate plus 35-50% meta phenylene diamine.
  • AR2076 G.E. polyester
  • 1.0% benzoyl peroxide 1.0% benzoyl peroxide.
  • Aerotex M-3 melamine urea formaldehyde polymer (American Cyanamid), plus 5l0% MgCl Furfuraldehyde monomer, plus 15% NH Cl Polyvinyl acetate, dry to release solvent.
  • Butvar B-40 polyvinyl butyral
  • the drying zone 14 After the lightly sintered bundle of fibers has been impregnated in zone 14, it is then drawn through the drying or solvent removal zone indicated at 18 and then through a heat curing zone generally indicated at 24-, although, in some instances, the drying and heat curing steps may be combined in one unit or zone.
  • the drying zone may simply consist of an elongated chamber 19 which may be heated in the event the solvent employed requires some heat to facilitate its removal.
  • the solvent vapors may pass into a condenser, generally indicated at 20, for recovery.
  • the solvent removal step may be conducted in the open.
  • the next step is a curing of the preformed, continuously moving rod.
  • curing may take place in an elongated chamber 25 through which hot air is circulated by means of a motor driven fan 26, the air moving over suitable electric heating units generally indicated at 27, 27', etc
  • Radiant heat may be employed directly within the primary drying chamber through which the preformed object is continuously drawn.
  • solvent removal and curing may take place concurrently in the same unit, or, in successive sections of a unit.
  • the temperature to which the preformed object is heated will depend upon the resin composition employed. For example, Epon 828-triethylene' tetramine can be cured at 180-190 C. for minutes.
  • the continuously moving, column is then cooled in a zone indicated at 28 and by section line III-.-III.
  • the cooled object then passes through a series of rollers indicated at 30, these rollers constituting the tensioning and advancing means for the entire production line.
  • the rollers are preferably contoured to fit around the object being formed, and are yieldingly pressed against the object and driven by suitable speed control mechanisms so that the strands being fed from the supply zone 1 are drawn at a predetermined speed and a suitable tension is applied to all of the strands throughout the production line.
  • the tension on a continuously moving heat treated resin-bonded rod made of 23 strands is on the order of 3 to 5 lbs.; the tension on each of the strands being drawn off the supply reels is on the order of 3 to 4 grams.
  • zone 32 where mechanism cuts and preferably simultaneously forms the ends of the cut-off sections so as to produce completed writing tips of a desired length and contour at the shaped end or ends.
  • These writing elements or tips can then be collected in baskets and suitably treated or sent to storage, sent to production for fitting into complete writing instruments, such as pens, etc.
  • any anionic or non-ionic wetting agent such as for example, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate may be effectively used on the writing elements.
  • vacuum impregnation may be used, foraminous baskets filled with precut writing tips being immersed in a solution of wetting agent and subjected to subatmospheric pressure which facilitates removal of air and entry of the solution.
  • immersion of the preformed tips into a 1% aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate has been found very effective particularly if combined with subatmospheric pressure treatment.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial section of a substantially completed resin-bonded writing tip, the section being taken along plane IIIIII in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 By comparing FIG. 3 with FIG- 2, it will be noted that substantially the same arrangement and distribution of channels or passageways for the ink exists in FIG. 3 that existed in FIG. 2.
  • the strands are now in bonded clusters of various cross-sectional form. The size or average transverse dimension of the channels has been but slightly decreased (since a minute coating of resin now bonds the various strands and particularly the crimped portions thereof) more firmly than the initial heat-set or sintering which took place in zone 9.
  • the main channels preferably have average or mean transverse dimensions of from 1 x 1 mils to 3 x 6 mils; channels of 1.5 to 3 mils in one transverse direction and between 3 and 6 in another direction are representative of most desirable channel sizes, and should predominate since 1 x 1 mil channels are relatively ineffective; some channels may measure 10 mils in one direction.
  • the total number of channels and pores is lower in FIG. 3 than in FIG. 2, and there has been a reduction in the number. of minute spaces between the fibers.
  • the total number of channels may vary within wide limits, depending upon the number of strands employed and denierof the filaments, but for writing tip products the number may be between about 200 and 600, the larger number occurring when filament of say 6 d.p.f. is used and the smaller number when say 15 d.p.f. is employed.
  • the pore volume of the tips may be between about 15% and 70%.
  • One of the important characteristics of the products produced in accordance with this invention is that the individual channels are not longitudinally continuous from one end to another of a finished rod and rarely have an uninterrupted length of even /2". It is to be remembered that preferably the yarn is crimped and the crimped filaments often contact and become bonded, thereby tending to block the continuity of a discrete channel but each channel feeds into another short longitudinal channel.
  • This characteristic structure of the product results in added strength and stiffness to the product and provides a multiplicity of interconnected small feeding reservoirs for ink whereby (when the product is used as a writing tip) movement of ink along the finished rod or tip is facilitated, ink is always available for writing purposes, but will not flow at an excessive rate nor flow or gob when subjected to shock.
  • the writing tip will not dry out and be ineffective when a writing instrument has been left uncovered and exposed to air for a day or two; no difficulty is experienced in starting writing at any angle of the tip or writing instrument to the paper.
  • Cylindrical writing tip stock made by our method will show increase in stiifness (and ability to produce fine-writing points) as the concentration of bonding resin is increased, lower resin concentrations producing softer, broader-writing tips. Both types of tips appear to require the presence of channels having cross-sectional areas of the sizes noted above, such channels being readily observable at a magnification of say 45. From about 25% to about 40% of the total crosssectional area of writing tips may be constituted of these channels, the rest of the porosity being attributable to finer capillaries.
  • A represents a cylindrical writing tip product made in accordance with this invention from 29 strands 840/136 Nylon 6 having a filament denier of 6 d.p.f., the binder being 31% of Epon 828
  • B is a similar product made from 23 strand 1050/70 of d.p.f. filament using 28% Epon 828: each 0.1" in diameter.
  • Density and porosity of the products obtained may be calculated from the densities of the synthetic fiber and resin employed.
  • the effect of the resin treatment is illustrated by the following example, wherein Nylon 6 (having a density of 1.14 grams/ cc.) was used in the yarn and epoxy resin for the bonding step in the making of relatively rigid writing tips:
  • Density Porosity Head set only 0.61 gr./cc. 38%46 After resin impregnation and curing 0.75 gr./cc. 32%-40% Percent resin Deflection under 10 in samples: gram load, inches 22 .0l9.021 31 .019.020 40 .015.016
  • continuous rods of various cross-sectional shape can be manufactured in a controlled, continuous manner with assurance that physical characteristics such as structure, density, flexibility, size of channels, location of channels and strength can be produced with assurance.
  • the dilute impregnating solution comprises a volatile solvent and a curable resin from the group consisting of monomers, addition polymers, condensation polymers and thermoplastic systems.
  • the volatile solvent is from the group consisting of ethers, esters, alcohols, aromatics, chlorinated compounds, ketones and glycol ethers, and has a boiling point not exceeding the melting point of the yarn.

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  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
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US560405A 1966-06-27 1966-06-27 Process for the continuous manufacture of porous writing tips Expired - Lifetime US3558392A (en)

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864183A (en) * 1972-11-21 1975-02-04 Tokyo Hat Method for producing pen core from filament tows
JPS5096331A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-12-26 1975-07-31
US3942903A (en) * 1973-02-27 1976-03-09 Glasrock Products, Inc. Unitary porous themoplastic writing nib
US3945869A (en) * 1974-07-01 1976-03-23 Clinton Earl Miller Method and means of improving laydown and writing characteristics of fibrous points and points obtained thereby
JPS5182120A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-01-13 1976-07-19 Pentel Kk
JPS51122512A (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-10-26 Pentel Kk Pen tip made of fiber
DE2621544A1 (de) * 1975-05-15 1976-12-02 Tokyo Hat Schreibspitze
US3998982A (en) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-21 The Gillette Company Method of cutting and grinding porous pen tips
US4037976A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-07-26 Glasrock Products, Inc. Writing nib structure and method of manufacture
US4086312A (en) * 1976-04-08 1978-04-25 Glasrock Products, Inc. Writing pen core having an integral nib and ink reservoir and method of manufacture
US4093769A (en) * 1976-02-18 1978-06-06 Glasrock Products, Inc. Capillary body and method of producing the same
US4119756A (en) * 1976-06-10 1978-10-10 Glasrock Products, Inc. Method of manufacturing a marking pen having a nib and an ink reservoir integral therewith
US4214020A (en) * 1977-11-17 1980-07-22 Monsanto Company Processes for coating bundles of hollow fiber membranes
US4261373A (en) * 1977-05-25 1981-04-14 The Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Corp. Tobacco filters and method for forming same
US4310259A (en) * 1973-11-19 1982-01-12 Pilot Man-Nen-Hitsu Kabushiki Kaisha Capillary nibs for inscribing instruments
EP0052353A3 (en) * 1980-11-18 1982-09-22 Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd. A dental implement for removing plaque and massaging gums
JPS59184679U (ja) * 1984-04-12 1984-12-08 オーベクス株式会社 ゴム状弾性体よりなる筆記具用ペン芯
US4832894A (en) * 1987-01-05 1989-05-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pultrusion of filaments of anisotropic melt-forming polymers
US4838723A (en) * 1981-06-30 1989-06-13 Aubex Corporation Flexible pen nib for writing purposes
US4867814A (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-09-19 Tecnodelta S.A. Process and equipment for making capillary yarn from textile yarns
US4970854A (en) * 1988-07-11 1990-11-20 501 Kanebo, Ltd. Ink occlusion material for writing utensils
US5169467A (en) * 1988-07-11 1992-12-08 Kanebo, Ltd. Ink occlusion material for writing utensils
US5672021A (en) * 1995-02-10 1997-09-30 Avery Dennison Corporation Fibrous nib for use in a capillary feed marker
US6561713B2 (en) 1999-10-12 2003-05-13 Dri Mark Products, Inc. Metallic ink composition for wick type writing instruments
JP2012239739A (ja) * 2011-05-23 2012-12-10 Aubex Corp 塗布体用素材の製造方法及び塗布体用素材並びに塗布体及び塗布具

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666535A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-05-30 Gillette Co Method of making porous objects
MX147552A (es) * 1976-02-18 1982-12-14 Yoshio Midorikawa Metodo para la obtencion de un marcador mejorado
JPS5940938B2 (ja) * 1978-11-15 1984-10-03 チッソ株式会社 棒状繊維成形体の製造方法
FR2601266B1 (fr) * 1986-07-11 1991-04-12 Dior Christian Parfums Procede de traitement de meche pour des applicateurs type feutre, de compositions visqueuses, de preference des peintures ou vernis, meche ainsi traitee et applicateur realise avec une telle meche, notamment utilise pour appliquer un vernis a ongles.
FR2793426B1 (fr) * 1999-05-14 2001-08-17 Conte Procede de traitement d'un element longiforme destine a former une pointe d'ecriture et pointe d'ecriture obtenue

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864183A (en) * 1972-11-21 1975-02-04 Tokyo Hat Method for producing pen core from filament tows
US3942903A (en) * 1973-02-27 1976-03-09 Glasrock Products, Inc. Unitary porous themoplastic writing nib
US4310259A (en) * 1973-11-19 1982-01-12 Pilot Man-Nen-Hitsu Kabushiki Kaisha Capillary nibs for inscribing instruments
US4547244A (en) * 1973-11-19 1985-10-15 Pilot Man-Nen-Hitsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing capillary nibs for inscribing instruments
US4410384A (en) * 1973-11-19 1983-10-18 Pilot Man-Nen-Hitsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing capillary nibs for inscribing instruments
JPS5096331A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-12-26 1975-07-31
US3945869A (en) * 1974-07-01 1976-03-23 Clinton Earl Miller Method and means of improving laydown and writing characteristics of fibrous points and points obtained thereby
JPS5182120A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-01-13 1976-07-19 Pentel Kk
JPS51122512A (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-10-26 Pentel Kk Pen tip made of fiber
DE2621544A1 (de) * 1975-05-15 1976-12-02 Tokyo Hat Schreibspitze
US3998982A (en) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-21 The Gillette Company Method of cutting and grinding porous pen tips
US4037976A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-07-26 Glasrock Products, Inc. Writing nib structure and method of manufacture
US4093769A (en) * 1976-02-18 1978-06-06 Glasrock Products, Inc. Capillary body and method of producing the same
US4086312A (en) * 1976-04-08 1978-04-25 Glasrock Products, Inc. Writing pen core having an integral nib and ink reservoir and method of manufacture
US4119756A (en) * 1976-06-10 1978-10-10 Glasrock Products, Inc. Method of manufacturing a marking pen having a nib and an ink reservoir integral therewith
US4261373A (en) * 1977-05-25 1981-04-14 The Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Corp. Tobacco filters and method for forming same
US4214020A (en) * 1977-11-17 1980-07-22 Monsanto Company Processes for coating bundles of hollow fiber membranes
EP0052353A3 (en) * 1980-11-18 1982-09-22 Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd. A dental implement for removing plaque and massaging gums
US4838723A (en) * 1981-06-30 1989-06-13 Aubex Corporation Flexible pen nib for writing purposes
JPS59184679U (ja) * 1984-04-12 1984-12-08 オーベクス株式会社 ゴム状弾性体よりなる筆記具用ペン芯
US4832894A (en) * 1987-01-05 1989-05-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pultrusion of filaments of anisotropic melt-forming polymers
US4867814A (en) * 1987-12-18 1989-09-19 Tecnodelta S.A. Process and equipment for making capillary yarn from textile yarns
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FR1550995A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-12-27

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