US3557568A - Power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Power generation apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3557568A
US3557568A US789160A US3557568DA US3557568A US 3557568 A US3557568 A US 3557568A US 789160 A US789160 A US 789160A US 3557568D A US3557568D A US 3557568DA US 3557568 A US3557568 A US 3557568A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
cold
producing
working fluid
power generation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US789160A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pierre Henri Pacault
Francis J Mary
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Babcock Atlantique SA
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Babcock Atlantique SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads

Definitions

  • This invention relates to power generation apparatus employing a gas cycle, more particularly, the invention relates to such apparatus characterised by the provision of a refrigerating machine intended to reduce the cold source temperature. Such apparatus, in consequence of this reduction in temperature, is apt to yield a power complement greater than the power absorbed by the refrigerating machine.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide apparatus which is operable at a constant or nearly constant power output, despite the variations of distribution grid demands.
  • Such an arrangement renders it possible to recycle the cold-producing fluid to cause progressive freezing of the intermediary fluid, and to exploit this reserve of cold to cool the working fluid at the cold source, during the periods of inactivity of the refrigerating machine.
  • the intermediary fluid kept in a solid-liquid phase balance in point of fact represents an accumulator of frozen products.
  • apparatus according to the invention render it possible to limit the operation of the refrigerating machine to olf-peak hours, the frozen products stored being available subsequently at times of demand and especially at peak periods.
  • the present invention thus provides a particularly convenient method for accumulation of surplus power, given 3,557,568 Patented Jan. 26, 1971 that the storage of frozen products is easier, less expensive and considerably more compact than accumulating a reserve of water under load.
  • An expedient of this nature is thus most useful in the case of apparatus operating under a narrow range of output variation only to meet considerable power demand fluctuations, or in the case of apparatus of which the thermal efliciency decreases appreciably with the load on the turbine.
  • the invention also includes a process for application of the power generation apparatus described above, in which process a variable quantity of the power generated by the gas turbine is diverted to increase the cold reserve of the tan-k, and varying withdrawals are made from this reserve to cool the working fluid prior to compression.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a form of power generating apparatus.
  • a turbine T drives a load G and two compressors C1, C2.
  • the turbine T is co-ordinated with a heat source 0, for example a nuclear reactor, and with a regenerator E, the working fluid being carbon dioxide gas, for example.
  • coolers A1, A2 employing cold water circulation, are situated in the ducts of working fluid supplying the 7 compressors C1, C2, respectively. These coolers A1, A2
  • the apparatus also includes two coolers B1, B2 employing circulation of cold-producing fluid. These coolers B1, B2 are positioned upstream of the compressors C1, C2 and are arranged to be swept by the flows of working fluid issuing from the coolers A1, A2 respectively.
  • the coolers B1, B2 are installed in a closed circuit with a tank F feeding them in parallel with cooling fluid through an adjustable flow valve R.
  • the tank F may contain a cold-producing agent such as a brine in the liquid state or in a state of liquid-solid phase balance.
  • a nest of tubes V which at least in this example is immersed in the tank, is arranged in a closed circuit with a vessel H containing a liquefied cold-producing fluid.
  • this gas is carbon dioxide gas drawn from the outlet of the compressor C2 by means of a duct L branching from the duct supplying the turbine T through the regenerator E and the reactor O.
  • the duct L is controlled by a valve K and the gas flowing therein is ducted to the vessel H after having undergone a condensation in the cooler A3, a throughflow decompression in a valve D, and a separation of the phases in a separator S.
  • a duct M controlled by a valve N connects the vessel H to an intermediate intake stage of the compressor C1.
  • the working fluid evolves, for example, between pressures of the order of 15 to 60 bars, and the vessel H may be under a saturation pressure of approximately 25 bars, or under a lower pressure.
  • valves K and N are open for operation of the ducts L and M during periods of low demand.
  • the valve R is closed partially or completely.
  • the gas fed to the turbine T leaves it after decompression and returns to the compressor C1 after having circulated in the regenerator E and after being cooled in A1, and if appropriate in B1.
  • This partially compressed gas is mixed with gas drawn from the vessel H and fed to the intermediate intake point of the compressor C1.
  • the mixture issuing from C1 is cooled in A2 and, if appropriate in B2, and undergoes a second compression in C2.
  • valves K and N Operation during demand and peak periods
  • the valves K and N are closed.
  • the reserve of carbon dioxide gas of the vessel H ceases to be operative, thus reducing the work of the compressors and increasing the available turbine power.
  • the valve R is open, and the two coolers B1, B2 operating at full rate, cause maximum cooling of the working fluid prior to its infeed into compressors C1 and C2, thus increasing the output of the apparatus.
  • This cooling action corresponds to an infeed of heat to the tank F, with progressive melting of the frozen part of its contents, and without increase in the temperature of its liquid phase circulating in the coolers B1, B2.
  • the apparatus is appropriate for various other methods of operation applicable by appropriate adjustment of the valves R, K and M.
  • the valve -R may thus be opened as far as need be during off-peak periods, to keep the output of the plant at an appropriate value, whilst forming a reserve of ice in the tank F which is suflicient for the following period of demand.
  • the vessel H remains in operation during demand periods, and the carbon dioxide gas liquefied by the compressors serves the purpose of cooling the working fluid sweeping the exchangers B1, B2 whilst acting through the fluid contained in the tank F but without forming ice in the latter.
  • the apparatus described hereinabove thus offers the possibility of accumulating power during off-peak periods for release during demand periods, without modifying the rate of operation of the heat source, the means employed to form this reserve of power consisting of diverting a part of the mechanical work produced during off-peak periods to freeze a fluid, and of exploiting the ice thus formed to lower the temperature of the working fluid at the cold source, during demand periods.
  • valve D of the drawing may be replaced by an aux iliary decompression turbine.
  • the cold-producing fluid and the working fluid may differ from each other and may be compressed either 4 separately or in one and the same compressor, according to the arrangements described in US. patent application No. 788,894, filed Jan. 3, 1969, filed in the applicants name for Apparatus for Generation of Energy in a Closed Gas Cycle.
  • the pipe L may be fed by an intermediate tap-off point W of the compressor C2, thereby rendering it possible to select the most suitable pressures for the working cycle and the refrigeration cycle independently of each other.
  • Power generation apparatus employing a gas cycle, comprising a network for circulation of working fluid with a compressor, a heat source and a turbine, a network for circulation of cold-producing fluid with means of performing compression, cooling, decompression and vapourisation, and a network for circulation of intermediary fluid and a tank arranged to contain this fluid in solidliquid phase balance and means of causing a heat exchange with the working fluid on the one hand and with the coldproducing fluid on the other hand.
  • the network of cold-producing fluid comprises means of controlling the flow rate placed in circulation in the said network.
  • the network of the cold-producing fluid comprises a vessel arranged to contain the same in gas-liquid phase balance.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 in which at least a part of the cold-producing fluid is delivered to an intermediate delivery stage of the compressor.
  • the compressor comprises several units arranged in series in the path of the fluid to be compressed, with two coolers arranged in series in one fluid feed pipe to each unit, and one being fed with a fluid at atmospheric temperature and the other with intermediary fluid.
  • said lastdefined means includes first and second separate liquidcooled heat-exchange devices in series relation with said working-fluid network and with said cold-producing network, respectively.
  • Apparatus according to claim 10 in which said single circulation system includes a water supply.
  • said lastdefined means further includes a third intermediary-fluidcooled heat-exchange device in said working-fluid network.
  • said last-defined means further includes a third intermediaryfluid-cooled heat-exchange device in said cold-producing network.
  • a network for circulation of working fluid includes a compressor, a heat source and the gas turbine, and in which a circulating liquid-cooling system with a storage tank is connected in heat-exchange relation with the working fluid prior to compression, which method comprises diverting a quantity of the power generated by the gas turbine to refrigerate liquid coolant in the tank, and varying the flow of liquid coolant in heat-exchange relation with the working fluid.
  • liquid coolant is refrigerated by first refrigerating a cold-producing fluid, storing a supply of the cold-producing fluid, and withdrawing cold-producing fluid from the supply to cool liquid in the storage tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
US789160A 1968-01-19 1969-01-06 Power generation apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3557568A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR136617 1968-01-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3557568A true US3557568A (en) 1971-01-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US789160A Expired - Lifetime US3557568A (en) 1968-01-19 1969-01-06 Power generation apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3557568A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1902497A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1566271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1246164A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52149538A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-12-12 Combustion Eng Power plant operation method
US6993918B1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2006-02-07 Advanced Thermal Sciences Thermal control systems for process tools requiring operation over wide temperature ranges
US7152426B1 (en) 2005-12-21 2006-12-26 Advanced Thermal Sciences Thermal control systems for process tools requiring operation over wide temperature ranges
US7337625B1 (en) 2006-11-01 2008-03-04 Advanced Thermal Sciences Thermal control systems for process tools requiring operation over wide temperature ranges
RU178533U1 (ru) * 2017-05-11 2018-04-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет" Комбинированная силовая установка
CN115540385A (zh) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-30 中国核动力研究设计院 一种核反应堆发电系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7800077A (nl) * 1978-01-03 1979-07-05 Thomassen Holland Bv Gasturbine-installatie.
DE19831425A1 (de) * 1998-07-14 2000-01-27 Integral Energietechnik Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbine
CN106595108B (zh) * 2017-01-23 2022-08-02 天津商业大学 一种林德循环关键节点温度可调的超低温制冷装置

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52149538A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-12-12 Combustion Eng Power plant operation method
US6993918B1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2006-02-07 Advanced Thermal Sciences Thermal control systems for process tools requiring operation over wide temperature ranges
US7152426B1 (en) 2005-12-21 2006-12-26 Advanced Thermal Sciences Thermal control systems for process tools requiring operation over wide temperature ranges
US7337625B1 (en) 2006-11-01 2008-03-04 Advanced Thermal Sciences Thermal control systems for process tools requiring operation over wide temperature ranges
RU178533U1 (ru) * 2017-05-11 2018-04-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет" Комбинированная силовая установка
CN115540385A (zh) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-30 中国核动力研究设计院 一种核反应堆发电系统
CN115540385B (zh) * 2022-09-19 2023-05-05 中国核动力研究设计院 一种核反应堆发电系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1902497A1 (de) 1969-08-28
GB1246164A (en) 1971-09-15
FR1566271A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-09

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